AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
AcetyltransferasesCholine O-AcetyltransferaseCholine KinaseHistone AcetyltransferasesChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseCholine DeficiencyAcetylationp300-CBP Transcription FactorsCarnitine O-AcetyltransferaseSerine O-AcetyltransferaseN-Terminal Acetyltransferase AN-Terminal Acetyltransferase EMolecular Sequence DataHemicholinium 3Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue AcetyltransferasePromoter Regions, GeneticBase SequenceAcetyl Coenzyme ABetaineEscherichia coli O157Cytidine Diphosphate CholineTranscription, GeneticCholine DehydrogenaseHistonesAmino Acid SequenceVesicular Acetylcholine Transport ProteinsCholinergic FibersPlasmidsCREB-Binding ProteinSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsTransfectionPhosphatidylcholinesCloning, MolecularO(6)-Methylguanine-DNA MethyltransferaseE1A-Associated p300 ProteinGene Expression RegulationAcetylcholinesteraseTranscription FactorsPhosphorylcholineCoenzyme AN-Terminal AcetyltransferasesPyruvate Dehydrogenase ComplexN-Terminal Acetyltransferase BAcetylcholineCell LineSpermineKineticsNuclear ProteinsRNA, MessengerPolyaminesRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidBinding SitesPhosphatidylethanolamine N-MethyltransferaseSpermidineGlycerylphosphorylcholineTranscriptional ActivationDNA-Binding ProteinsEthanolamineLysineMutationCysteine SynthaseGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicProtein BindingTrans-ActivatorsRestriction MappingSaccharomyces cerevisiaeLipotropic AgentsAcetyl-CoA C-AcetyltransferaseRecombinant Fusion ProteinsChromatinEnhancer Elements, GeneticCholinergic NeuronsDeanolSubstrate SpecificityEscherichia coliRecombinant ProteinsAcyltransferasesCells, CulturedHeLa CellsLiverGenes, ReporterChloramphenicol ResistanceAnacardic AcidsDNADiacylglycerol CholinephosphotransferaseSubstantia InnominataGlucosamine 6-Phosphate N-AcetyltransferaseSequence Homology, Amino AcidParasympathetic Nervous SystemCarnitinePlatelet Activating FactorChloramphenicolGenes, RegulatorTumor Cells, CulturedTime FactorsGenesHistone DeacetylasesGene ExpressionGenes, BacterialAmino-Acid N-Acetyltransferase
EnzymeAcetylcholinesteraseHigh-affinity cholineGeneSynthesisGanglion cellsNeuronsCholinergicChATAcetyl transferaseTransporterELISACellsBoundBrainFoundStructureAcetylcholineAlzheimer'sProteinAcetyl-groupCholinesteraseReductionBrainCarnitineActivityHumanCrystalSignificantlyVivoEssentialSimilarResultsRoleBodyMakePaper
Enzyme10
  • Choline acetyltransferase (commonly abbreviated as ChAT, but sometimes CAT) is a transferase enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, the choline acetyltransferase enzyme is encoded by the CHAT gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme is called choline acetylase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (glideruniversity.org)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Mouse Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (glideruniversity.org)
  • An enzyme, present at the presynaptic ends of axons, that catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to choline, forming acetylcholine. (tekportal.net)
  • Here, we show that the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of ACh production, is robustly induced in both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in an IL-21-dependent manner. (lih.lu)
  • A novel nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) binding site has been identified within the promoter region of the mouse gene encoding choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine and has been implicated in the cognitive deficits associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease. (utmb.edu)
  • When the enzyme choline acetyltransferase attaches an acetyl group to choline, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is created. (ironmagazine.com)
  • Starting from choline and acetylcoenzyme A (AcCoA), the enzyme choline O acetyltransferase (ChAT) synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in neurons, T cells and B cells. (lu.se)
Acetylcholinesterase2
  • In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. (genome.jp)
  • Following treatment, brain tissue was extracted for immunological stains for plaque load, as well as biochemical analysis for BDNF gene expression and cholinergic signaling via acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase ELISA assays.RESULTS: For the 3xTgAD mice, both 14 days and 6 weeks treatment regimens resulted in an increase in BDNF gene expression relative to sham treatment, with a larger increase in the 6-week group. (stanford.edu)
High-affinity choline2
  • TAK-147 showed very weak or no inhibition of high-affinity choline uptake, nicotinic receptor binding and choline acetyltransferase activity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT). (genome.jp)
Gene2
  • Trigeminal fibre collaterals storing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide associate with ganglion cells containing choline acetyltransferase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the sphenopalatine ganglion of the rat. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In immunohistochemical studies on rat two types of nerve fibres, both showing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity, have been localized in the sphenopalatine ganglion, the principal cells of which contain both vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and choline acetyltransferase. (elsevierpure.com)
Synthesis3
  • We previously showed that CD4 + T lymphocytes that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of the vasorelaxant acetylcholine, relay neural signals. (nih.gov)
  • Hence, in this study, the concentrations of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzymes responsible for their synthesis, were immunohistochemically estimated within the neurons in locus coeruleus, laterodorsal tegmentum and pedunculopontine tegmentum and medial preoptic area in REM sleep deprived and control rats. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies showed that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) induces the expression of choline acetyltransferase and the vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter, and upregulates ACh synthesis in cultured primary neurons from embryonic mouse septum [I. López-Coviella, B. Berse, R. Krauss, R.S. Thies, J.K. Blusztajn, Induction and maintenance of the neuronal cholinergic phenotype in the central nervous system by BMP-9. (rti.org)
Ganglion cells1
  • E10 chick sympathetic ganglion cells display a cell contact-dependent rise in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) specific activity over the first several days in culture. (rupress.org)
Neurons1
Cholinergic2
  • The 82-kDa isoform of choline acetyltransferase (82-ChAT) is unique to primates and is found in cholinergic cell nuclei. (uwo.ca)
  • Neurochemical studies conducted after completing behavioral experiments demonstrated that OBX downregulated the expression levels of cholinergic marker genes encoding choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic M 1 receptor in a manner reversed by ATL and tacrine. (hindawi.com)
ChAT6
  • ChAT catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from the coenzyme acetyl-CoA to choline, yielding acetylcholine (ACh). (wikipedia.org)
  • Choline is bound in the active site of ChAT by non-covalent interactions between the positively charged amine of choline and the hydroxyl group of Tyr552, in addition to a hydrogen bond between choline's hydroxyl group and a histidine residue, His324. (wikipedia.org)
  • The choline substrate fits into a pocket in the interior of ChAT, while acetyl-CoA fits into a pocket on the surface of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Side chain residues of His324A and Tyr552A shown.PDB: 2FY3​ Stereoscopic depiction of choline and acetyl-CoA in ChAT active site. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stereoscopic depiction of choline and acetyl-CoA bound in ChAT active site - alternate angle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids. (glideruniversity.org)
Acetyl transferase1
  • Nachmanson & Machado, 1943 The acetyl transferase mode of action was unknown at the time of this discovery, however Nachmansohn hypothesized the possibility of acetylphosphate or phosphorylcholine exchanging the phosphate (from ATP) for choline or acetate ion. (wikipedia.org)
Transporter1
ELISA1
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Choline Acetyltransferase from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (glideruniversity.org)
Cells1
  • Toliver-Kinsky, T , Wood, T & Perez-Polo, JR 2000, ' Nuclear factor κB/p49 is a negative regulatory factor in nerve growth factor-induced choline acetyltransferase promoter activity in PC12 cells ', Journal of neurochemistry , vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 2241-2251. (utmb.edu)
Bound1
Brain1
  • Estrogen Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Adult Primate Brain: Neuronal Distribution and Association with p75, trkA, and Choline Acetyltransferase. (bvsalud.org)
Found1
  • Choline is found in our food, but our bodies manufacture it too. (ironmagazine.com)
Structure1
  • The 3D crystal structure shows the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA abuts the choline binding pocket - minimizing the distance between acetyl-group donor and receiver. (wikipedia.org)
Acetylcholine12
  • Choline acetyltransferase (commonly abbreviated as ChAT, but sometimes CAT) is a transferase enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (wikipedia.org)
  • ChAT catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from the coenzyme acetyl-CoA to choline, yielding acetylcholine (ACh). (wikipedia.org)
  • Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, is an important cholinergic marker whose levels/activity are reduced in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (uwo.ca)
  • Here we show that choline acetyltransferase mediated by TAT protein transduction domain passes through the blood-brain barrier and enters the neurons in mice, increasing choline acetyltransferase and neurotransmitter acetylcholine contents. (nih.gov)
  • Choline acetyltransferase facilitates the production of a molecule called acetylcholine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The mutations lead to decreased production of choline acetyltransferase or the production of a protein with decreased ability to aid in the production of acetylcholine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) levels and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity were measured in several vascular segments (major cerebral arteries, cortical pial vessels, and peripheral arteries) and nervous tissues [including the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG)] in the rat. (hal.science)
  • The synthesis of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter used by nerve cells in the cholinergic system, requires choline, a natural amine found in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), a thioester used in metabolic reactions and an acceptor and donor of acetyl groups. (springer.com)
  • These molecules are catalyzed by choline acetyltransferase, an enzyme found only in acetylcholinergic cells, in order to produce acetylcholine. (springer.com)
  • These neurons expressed the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme, which is required to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) catalyzes the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from choline and acetyl-CoA, and its presence is a defining feature of cholinergic neurons. (inra.fr)
  • Human choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) from choline and acetyl-CoA. (inra.fr)
Alzheimer's4
  • The degree of reduction of choline acetyltransferase activity in cerebral cholinergic neurons is significantly correlated with the severity of dementia or cognitive impairments observed in Alzheimer's disease. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, Alzheimer's disease may be slowed by supplementation of exogenous choline acetyltransferase. (nih.gov)
  • The recombination TAT-choline acetyltransferase fusion protein injected intravenously improves the memory and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease model mice induced by amyloid-beta peptide. (nih.gov)
  • The occurrence of diseases like neural tube defect (NTD) and Alzheimer's is prevented by the metabolic role of choline. (researchgate.net)
Protein6
  • The choline substrate fits into a pocket in the interior of ChAT, while acetyl-CoA fits into a pocket on the surface of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • cDNA cloning and complete sequence of porcine choline acetyltransferase: in vitro translation of the corresponding RNA yields an active protein. (nih.gov)
  • The CHAT gene provides instructions for making a protein called choline acetyltransferase. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CFP expression was characterized using morphometric methods and immunohistochemistry with antibodies to neurofilament light (NF-L), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), POU-domain protein (Brn3a) and calretinin, which immunolabel ganglion cells, and syntaxin 1 (HPC-1), glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD 67 ), GABA plasma membrane transporter-1 (GAT-1), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which immunolabel amacrine cells. (molvis.org)
  • T 4 has been shown to modulate choline acetyltransferase activity, and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) has been shown to negatively regulate the expression of amyloid precursor protein. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • The alkaloids fraction (ALK) regulated cholinergic function by inhibiting AChE activity, activating choline acetyltransferase activity, and protein expression. (bvsalud.org)
Acetyl-group1
  • The 3D crystal structure shows the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA abuts the choline binding pocket - minimizing the distance between acetyl-group donor and receiver. (wikipedia.org)
Cholinesterase1
  • It is degraded by cholinesterase with the formation of choline, which may be used once again for synthesis by the presynaptic neuron. (medscape.com)
Reduction1
  • Lesions of habenula were confirmed histologically and neurochemically by reduction of choline acetyltransferase in the interpeduncular nucleus . (brainmaps.org)
Brain1
  • Brain region weights and choline acetyltransferase activity, an enzymatic marker for development of cholinergic nerve terminals, were within normal limits in the nicotine-exposed animals. (nih.gov)
Carnitine1
Activity1
  • It is synthesized from choline through choline acetyltransferase, which exerts its greatest activity in the caudate nucleus. (medscape.com)
Human1
Crystal1
Significantly1
  • We also report the sequence of a full length Drosophila choline acetyltransferase cDNA and demonstrate that RNA produced by this clone is translated into active choline acetyltransferase but at a significantly reduced efficiency when compared to the partial cDNA clone. (nih.gov)
Vivo1
  • Krell, RD & Goldberg, AM 1973, ' The in vivo effects of irreversible inhibitors of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) ', Federation Proceedings , vol. 32, no. 3 (I). (johnshopkins.edu)
Essential3
  • Choline is a water-soluble essential nutrient included as a member of the vitamin B12 group owing to its structural similarities with that of the other members of the group. (researchgate.net)
  • While adequate level of choline in the body is essential, an excess of choline can result in various forms of disorder. (researchgate.net)
  • This paper attempts to summarize and review some recent publications on choline that have opened up new prospect in understanding the multiple role played by choline and in throwing light on the role played by this wonder essential nutrient in mitigating various forms of toxic contamination. (researchgate.net)
Similar1
  • Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)Willow bark contains chemicals that are similar to choline magnesium trisalicylate. (nih.gov)
Results2
  • These results indicate that translational control may be an important regulatory step in production of Drosophila choline acetyltransferase. (nih.gov)
  • a condition that results in increased sensitivity to choline esters and certain other drugs. (nih.gov)
Role1
  • Choline is vital for maintenance of various key metabolic processes which play a role in the prevention or progression of various health impairments. (researchgate.net)
Body1
Make1
Paper1
  • Fischer, A. / Choline acetyltransferase in the airway wall : (Conference paper) . (edu.au)