AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
CholineDeanolCholine DehydrogenaseBetaineCholine KinasePhosphatidylethanolamine N-MethyltransferasePhosphorylcholinePhosphatidylcholinesCholine O-AcetyltransferaseCholine DeficiencyLipid MetabolismEnergy MetabolismHemicholinium 3Cytidine Diphosphate CholineMetabolismLiverGlucoseGlycerylphosphorylcholineEthanolamineMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyKineticsLipotropic AgentsPhospholipidsBiotransformationCarbon RadioisotopesMicrosomes, LiverOxidation-ReductionMetabolic Networks and PathwaysMethionineCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemFatty AcidsCarbon IsotopesGlycolysisBrainInositolChromatography, High Pressure LiquidBiological TransportSarcosineCreatineEncyclopedias as TopicPhosphotransferasesPhosphorus Compounds
InositolKinaseBitartratePhosphatidylcholinePhospholipid metabolismHuman mammary epithelial cellsLipidAcetyltransferaseFree cholineMetabolitesPhosphorylPantothenicEnzymeMetabolicBiosynthesisAcetylcholineVitaminsEthanolamineCellsEggsBetaineMembraneConcentrationsChlorideSerineBoost your metabolismBoostsPhosphocholineCravingsNutrientsIntakeBody'sPhysiologicalSupportsTrimethylamineEnzymesSupplementHumansFatty liverDietaryCholinergicEnergyIngredientsCognitiveImmune SystemRolesNormalVitaminBrainMuscleFactors
Inositol7
Kinase13
  • Choline kinase alpha (ChoKalpha) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of phospholipids recently found to play a relevant role in the regulation of cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and human carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • The molecular basis to understand the connection between phospholipids metabolism and cell cycle regulation through choline kinase is reported. (nih.gov)
  • Choline kinase and phospholipase C were significantly overexpressed, and lysophospholipase 1, phospholipase A2, and phospholipase D were significantly underexpressed, in breast cancer cells compared with HMECs. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The magnetic resonance spectroscopy data indicated that elevated phosphocholine in breast cancer cells was primarily attributable to increased choline kinase activity and increased catabolism mediated by increased phospholipase C activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These observations were consistent with the overexpression of choline kinase and phospholipase C detected in the microarray analyses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Choline kinase (also known as CK, ChoK and choline phosphokinase) is an enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction in the choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Choline kinase requires magnesium ions (+2) as a cofactor for this reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • A related enzyme, ethanolamine kinase, tends to co-purify with choline kinase leading to a suggestion that the two activities are mediated by two distinct active sites on a single protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although not much is known about the mechanism by which choline kinase reacts, the recent[when? (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the structure of CK is very similar to that of the eukaryotic protein kinase family, the location of ATP and choline binding pockets have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Choline kinase catalyzes the formation of phosphocholine, the committed step in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Choline kinase α can act as a protein chaperone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Choline kinase α (CKα) is overexpressed in prostate cancer where it physically interacts with the androgen receptor (AR), a major driver of prostate cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Bitartrate1
  • The purpose of the current study was to further explore the effects of phosphatidylcholine (PC) provided by eggs versus a choline bitartrate (CB) supplement on the gut microbiota, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) formation, and plasma carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin in MetS. (mdpi.com)
Phosphatidylcholine9
  • 0.001) of breast cancer cells compared with HMECs, indicating a higher metabolic flux from membrane phosphatidylcholine to choline and phosphocholine in breast cancer cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We showed previously that NMDA releases choline and inhibits incorporation of [ 3 H]choline into phosphatidylcholine before excitotoxic neuronal death. (jneurosci.org)
  • Exposure of cortical neurons to neurotoxic concentrations of NMDA increased extracellular choline and activated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol by phospholipase A 2 but did not induce significant degradation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylserine. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results show that membrane damage by NMDA is preceded by inhibition of phospholipid synthesis and not by phospholipid degradation in the early stages of the excitotoxic process, and that NMDA receptor overactivation decreases phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis by inhibiting choline-ethanolaminophosphotransferase activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease. (westonaprice.org)
  • The authors argue that dietary choline, found mostly as phosphatidylcholine, enters the intestine where our gut bacteria convert it to free choline and then to trimethylamine, a gas that smells like rotting fish. (westonaprice.org)
  • Studies in humans have shown that neither phosphatidylcholine nor choline-rich foods produce detectable increases in trimethylamine. (westonaprice.org)
  • Choline chloride and choline stearate led to the production of large amounts of trimethylamine, but lecithin (phosphatidylcholine), the main form of choline found in food, led to only a small increase. (westonaprice.org)
  • They found that 60 percent of free choline and 30 percent of carnitine, another potential precursor, was excreted in the urine as one of these two products, but that neither betaine nor phosphatidylcholine converted to either product at all. (westonaprice.org)
Phospholipid metabolism1
  • The aberrant choline phospholipid metabolism of breast cancer cells and its strong correlation with malignant progression has been observed in several studies. (aacrjournals.org)
Human mammary epithelial cells1
Lipid4
  • To get you up and out the door, it contains fatigue-fighting vitamin B6 which contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, 2 as well as choline which supports normal lipid metabolism. (myprotein.com)
  • 3. Choline contributes to normal lipid metabolism. (myprotein.com)
  • Lipidomic profiling revealed the accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines (LCAC) and aberrant lipid metabolism in HCC tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with HBV-related HCC exhibit a cell senescence-associated dysregulation of invariant natural killer cells that is related to altered lipid metabolism and accumulated LCACs in tumor tissue. (bvsalud.org)
Acetyltransferase3
  • We previously showed that CD4 + T lymphocytes that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of the vasorelaxant acetylcholine, relay neural signals. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Part of the ACh-lc was synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), as indicated by the reduction of ACh-lc content when bromoACh was present in the culture medium, and by direct measurements of ChAT activity. (unige.ch)
  • Starting from choline and acetylcoenzyme A (AcCoA), the enzyme choline O acetyltransferase (ChAT) synthesizes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in neurons, T cells and B cells. (lu.se)
Free choline1
  • Over the past decade, one common feature consistently revealed by magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic studies is the elevation of phosphocholine (PC) and total choline-containing metabolites [tCho, glycerophosphocholine (GPC)+PC+free choline (Cho)] in cancer cells and solid tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Metabolites5
  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H MRS) consistently detects significant differences in choline phospholipid metabolites of malignant versus benign breast lesions. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Metabolic fluxes between membrane and water-soluble pool of choline-containing metabolites were assessed by exposing cells to [1,2- 13 C]choline for long and short periods of time to distinguish between catabolic and anabolic pathways in choline metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • CDP-Choline or its labelled metabolites are widely distributed, the cerebral radioactivity evolving in a different way from the blood which would confirm the inclusion of the product in the pool of phospholipids. (europa.eu)
  • Moreover, it seems taht there is a fixation of CDP- Choline or its metabolites in the structure components of the blood such as a red blood corpuscles and leukocytes, because these products are problably included in the metabolic processes of inclusion in cellular structures. (europa.eu)
  • Agricultural Research Service's ( ARS ) USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods contains information on the amounts of six choline metabolites in food. (usda.gov)
Phosphoryl3
  • It has been proposed that in the CKα-2 mechanism, ATP binds first, followed by choline, and then the transfer of the phosphoryl group takes place. (wikipedia.org)
  • CDP-choline was prepared by the Radiochemical Center of Amercham by an enzymatic process from phosphoryl (14C-methyl) choline and cytidine 5'-triphosphate. (europa.eu)
  • Sphingomyelinase is an acidic lysosomal hydrolase that catalyses the cleavage of sphingomyelin to phosphoryl choline and ceramide. (medscape.com)
Pantothenic2
Enzyme2
  • ATP + choline ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + O-phosphocholine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and choline, whereas its two products are adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and O-phosphocholine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:choline phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolic4
  • We previously demonstrated that intake of three eggs/d for 4 weeks increased plasma choline and decreased inflammation in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). (mdpi.com)
  • Metabolic labeling experiments in whole cells showed that NMDA receptor overactivation does not modify the activity of phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferases but strongly inhibits choline-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • In support of this hypothesis, the authors showed that blood levels of choline, its metabolic byproduct betaine, and TMAO all correlated with the incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease in humans, although this was not prospective data showing that the occurrence of these compounds in the blood early in life predicted the development of heart disease later in life. (westonaprice.org)
  • These metabolism booster supplements can help you with your weight loss journey and improve your metabolic health. (gazette-tribune.com)
Biosynthesis4
Acetylcholine1
  • Although ChAT plays a crucial role in acetylcholine metabolism and the functioning of the nervous system, there is still much to be discovered about its regulation and recognition of substrates and inhibitors. (lu.se)
Vitamins4
  • This all-natural formula combines herbal ingredients, vitamins, and minerals to potentially enhance metabolism and control food cravings. (theislandnow.com)
  • The amino acids in the injections are compounds that the body uses to break down fat, while the vitamins and minerals help to boost metabolism and increase energy levels. (fotolog.com)
  • B vitamins are essential for healthy metabolism and energy levels, while lipotropic agents are believed to help the body break down and eliminate fat. (fotolog.com)
  • Vitamin B12 , like the other B vitamins, is important for metabolism. (medlineplus.gov)
Ethanolamine1
  • In contrast, NMDA strongly reduced the incorporation of [ 3 H]choline and [ 3 H]ethanolamine into their respective phospholipids. (jneurosci.org)
Cells2
  • The amount of choline in one's brain often rises as a result of the increased loss of nerve cells, which typically occurs in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (ptproductsonline.com)
  • The senescent status of iNKT cells from the patients was further illustrated by cell-cycle arrest, impaired telomere maintenance, perturbed calcium transport-related biological processes, and altered metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Eggs4
Betaine1
  • In E . coli , the biosynthetic pathway for the production of glycine betaine from choline has been well characterized at the genetic level ( Landfald and Strom, 1986 ). (scialert.net)
Membrane1
  • Membrane hyperpolarization in a choline medium was assessed at hematocrits of 0.33 and 7.4 percent. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations2
  • Further, feeding mice five-fold or ten-fold higher concentrations of choline chloride than they would ordinarily receive, or simply feeding them TMAO itself, increased atherosclerotic lesion size, and atherosclerotic lesion size correlated with blood levels of TMAO. (westonaprice.org)
  • Among the participants who exercised, their choline concentrations were stable. (ptproductsonline.com)
Chloride4
  • The Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of Choline chloride was determined the EPIWIN software BCFBAF v3.02 of US-EPA. (europa.eu)
  • However, this value is not taken into account for the risk assessment and is not relevant for a registration under REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006.Using the regression-based estimate (traditional method) of the computer program BCFBAF from US-EPA a Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) of 3.16 L/kg wet-wt was calculated for Choline chloride. (europa.eu)
  • This is taken into account to predict the apparent metabolism half-life in fish of Choline chloride. (europa.eu)
  • As conclusion, bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms is not expected for Choline chloride. (europa.eu)
Serine1
Boost your metabolism2
  • Phen24 is one of the newest weight loss pills that operate during the day as well as the night to help boost your metabolism and encourage faster weight loss. (healthcanal.com)
  • This enhanced experience in the gym can boost your metabolism and improve muscle mass growth due to the high levels of nutrient absorption facilitated by its natural ingredients. (outlookindia.com)
Boosts1
Phosphocholine1
  • This reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to choline in order to form phosphocholine. (wikipedia.org)
Cravings1
Nutrients1
Intake2
  • High choline intake during gestation and early postnatal development in rat and mouse models improves cognitive function in adulthood, prevents age-related memory decline, and protects the brain from the neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and neurological damage associated with epilepsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, and inherited conditions such as Down and Rett syndromes. (mdpi.com)
  • The process of burning calorie intake is called metabolism. (gazette-tribune.com)
Body's1
  • The idea behind these is that they help to boost the body's metabolism, which in turn helps to burn fat and aid in the weight loss process. (fotolog.com)
Physiological1
  • Peptides and small proteins have essential physiological roles including metabolism (insulin), sleep (orexin), and stress (corticotropin-releasing hormone). (harvard.edu)
Supports4
Trimethylamine1
  • By contrast, other forms of choline travel to the colon where gut bacteria make enzymes that convert them to trimethylamine. (westonaprice.org)
Enzymes1
  • Copper acts like a key to activate a number of enzymes, which then help regulate energy production, iron metabolism and brain function ( 8 ). (healthline.com)
Supplement2
Humans1
  • Choline is an essential nutrient for humans. (mdpi.com)
Fatty liver1
  • Most recently, my article entitled "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Silent Epidemic of Nutritional Imbalance" contained a major section on the role of dietary choline in protecting against fatty liver disease, which itself is a powerful and independent risk factor for heart disease. (westonaprice.org)
Dietary2
Cholinergic1
  • By itself, choline elicited nicotine-like actions commensurate with its promotion of cholinergic neurotransmission. (nature.com)
Energy1
  • Choline is another nutrient that is important for liver health and helps to transport fat and cholesterol out of the liver and into the bloodstream, where it can be used for energy. (fotolog.com)
Ingredients3
  • The Liv Pure ingredients also boost metabolism and help in burning more fat. (mid-day.com)
  • Leanbean works effectively on women as its ingredients are known to boost metabolism, weight loss and increase in stamina . (digitalangelcorp.com)
  • These best metabolism boosters use healthy ingredients such as green tea, chromium picolinate, alpha-lipoic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid to boost metabolism and aid you in losing weight. (gazette-tribune.com)
Cognitive3
  • We've added zinc to support the maintenance of hair skin and nails, 10 and well as contribute to normal carbohydrate metabolism and cognitive function. (myprotein.com)
  • In the study, the researchers first assessed the participants' movement-related parameters, cardiopulmonary fitness and cognitive performance, and measured their brain metabolism and brain structure using magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). (ptproductsonline.com)
  • After the end of the 12-week period, the participants were examined again to document the effects of this physical activity on their brain metabolism, cognitive performance and brain structure. (ptproductsonline.com)
Immune System2
  • 5,6 You can also count on chromium to support normal macronutrient metabolism, 7 as well as vitamin B12 to support the normal function of the immune system, 8 and biotin to maintain normal skin and nails. (myprotein.com)
  • People with sun in Taurus have their vital force focused in the lower jaw, including teeth, ears, tongue, vocal cords, neck area, including thyroid (metabolism regulatory), parathyroid (calcium metabolism) and thymus (immune system regulation) glands. (wellbeing.com.au)
Roles1
  • On this page, find information about the different micronutrients and their roles in metabolism, growth, and health. (usda.gov)
Normal1
Vitamin2
Brain5
  • These effects of choline are correlated with modifications in histone and DNA methylation in brain, and with alterations in the expression of genes that encode proteins important for learning and memory processing, suggesting a possible epigenomic mechanism of action. (mdpi.com)
  • Choline is important for brain development and liver function ( 9 , 10 ). (healthline.com)
  • According to researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt, regular physical exercise could not only enhance fitness, it could also have a positive impact on brain metabolism. (ptproductsonline.com)
  • The SMART (Sport and Metabolism in Older Persons, an MRT Study) study, conducted by the Gerontology Department of the Institute of General Medicine (headed by Professor Johannes Pantel) and the Department of Sports Medicine (led by Professor Winfried Banzer), examined the effects of regular exercise on brain metabolism and memory among 60 participants aged between 65 and 85 years. (ptproductsonline.com)
  • The results suggest that the participants' physical activity influenced their brain metabolism by preventing an increase in choline, per the release. (ptproductsonline.com)
Muscle1
  • These metabolism-boosting pills can help with body composition and lean muscle mass building. (gazette-tribune.com)
Factors1