Cholesterol from macrophages. Medical search. Frequent questions

Oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins (LDL) has been shown to cause accelerated degradation of LDL via the scavenger receptor pathway in cultured macrophages, and it has been proposed that this process might lead to cholesterol accumulation in macrophages in the arterial wall in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
However, oxidation of LDL is accompanied by a substantial reduction in LDL total cholesterol content and hence the amount of cholesterol delivered by oxidatively modified LDL may be less than that delivered by scavenger receptor ligands such as acetyl LDL which results in massive cholesterol accumulation in cultured macrophages. (elsevierpure.com)
APOL1 renal risk variants promote cholesterol accumulation in tissues and cultured macrophages from APOL1 transgenic mice. (omicsdi.org)
With impaired reverse cholesterol transport, lipid accumulation occurs and macrophages morphologically transform into foam cells, releasing inflammatory factors. (omicsdi.org)
Kidney, spleen, and bone marrow-derived macrophages from APOL1-G1 and -G2 mice showed increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA levels. (omicsdi.org)
out there in PMC 2015 August 01.Breevoort et al.PageCETP decreases macrophage-derived cholesterol in plasma To test the hypothesis that LXR-dependent regulation of HDL levels and activity plays a major function in driving the accumulation of macrophage-derived cholesterol in plasma, we took advantage from the observation that LXR agonist-dependent increases in HDL cholesterol are lost in CETP transgenic mice53. (lipophilic-platinum.com)
Consistent using a vital role for HDL in advertising the accumulation of macrophagederived cholesterol in plasma, the volume of 3H-cholesterol in this compartment at 24 and 48 hours is drastically reduced in CETP transgenic mice and also the capability of T0901317 to raise plasma cholesterol accumulation is lost (Figure 5C). (lipophilic-platinum.com)
Excess accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages results in foam cell production and lesion development. (jci.org)
Intra-articular injection of GAS6 restored the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, reduced the accumulation of local ACs, and decreased the levels of TUNEL and Caspase-3 positive cells, preserving cartilage thickness and preventing the progression of obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)
PM accumulation within alveolar macrophages was evident in all exposure groups. (cdc.gov)
ApoB containing lipoproteins that also contain apoE (apoE remnants, VLDL) can cause cholesterol accumulation via interaction of apoE with apoE receptors including the LRP1 and the VLDL receptor, which are not regulated by cellular cholesterol. (endotext.org)
Modifications of apoB containing lipoproteins induce significant cholesterol accumulation via a number of mechanisms. (endotext.org)
Local proliferation dominates lesional macrophage accumulation in atherosclerosis. (uniklinik-freiburg.de)
This accumulation causes formation of globoid cells (hematogenous often-multinucleated macrophages containing undigested galactosylceramide), which is the histologic hallmark of Krabbe disease. (medscape.com)

Cholesterol uptake and efflux are key metabolic processes associated with macrophage physiology and atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is crucial in the development of atherosclerosis, and low LDL levels reduce the risk of major events in patients with CVD [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Reduction of total cholesterols (TC) and LDL-C by dietary alterations and medications that affect lipid metabolism [ 14 ] is found to reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis in animals and clinical cardiovascular events in human [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)

Legionella pneumophila is an accidental human bacterial pathogen that infects and replicates within alveolar macrophages causing a severe atypical pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. (microbialcell.com)
Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages, also known as pulmonary foam cells, are cells found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens that consist of macrophages containing deposits of lipids (fats). (wikipedia.org)
Increased levels of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages are associated with various respiratory conditions, including chronic smoking, gastroesophageal reflux, lipoid pneumonia, fat embolism, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and pulmonary aspiration. (wikipedia.org)
Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages have been reported in cases of vaping-associated pulmonary injury. (wikipedia.org)

PRDX1 is more highly expressed than other antioxidant enzymes in monocytes and macrophages. (ewha.ac.kr)
Monocytes were differentiated into macrophages using M-CSF, and then polarized into M1 and M2 macrophages. (omicsdi.org)
All ApoL1 variants caused monocytes to differentiate into atypical M1 macrophages with marked increase in M1 markers CD80, TNF, IL1B, and IL6 and modest increase in the M2 marker CD163 compared with control cells. (omicsdi.org)
Based on the observation that some macrophages are short-lived and that they are often renewed by circulating monocytes, already in 1972 van Furth et al. (frontiersin.org)
proposed the "mononuclear phagocyte system" theory, by which tissue-resident macrophages were assumed to derive from blood-circulating monocytes and to differentiate within the host tissue ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Self-renewing resident arterial macrophages arise from embryonic CX3CR1+ precursors and circulating monocytes immediately after birth. (uniklinik-freiburg.de)

However, the test is limited by poor reproducibility and low specificity for pulmonary aspiration, as lipid-laden macrophages occur in many respiratory conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Giant cells, lipid-laden macrophages, and cholesterol clefts account for the yellow color of the infected tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

Here we investigated the link between cellular cholesterol and L. pneumophila intracellular replication and discovered that disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis or cholesterol trafficking lowered bacterial replication in infected cells. (microbialcell.com)
Microscopy analyses indicate that cholesterol regulates a step in L. pneumophila intracellular lifecycle that occurs after bacteria begin to replicate within an established intracellular niche. (microbialcell.com)
These results indicate that apparently inefficient stimulation of cholesterol esterification by oxidized LDL can be explained in large part by a lower content of cholesterol per LDL particle and altered intracellular processing, resulting in reduced delivery of cholesterol to the ACAT substrate pool. (elsevierpure.com)
Prdx1-deficient macrophages had higher intracellular cholesterol mass and lower cholesterol efflux compared with wild type. (ewha.ac.kr)
ABCG1 may also play a role in the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol. (endotext.org)

Methods HP-1 cells were induced into macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and were treated with acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) to establish the THP-1 macrophage derived foam cell models. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Taken together, the evidence suggests that APOL1-G1 and -G2 risk variants impaired reverse cholesterol transport through decreased expression of cholesterol efflux transporters suggesting a possible mechanism to promote macrophage foam cell formation, driving inflammation in the glomerulus and renal interstitium. (omicsdi.org)
Here, we employed mass spectrometry to identify lipophagy factors within the macrophage foam cell LD proteome . (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: HDL cholesterol levels are inversely correlated with coronary heart disease risk in humans, and in animal studies, HDL elevation decreases formation and progression of foam-cell lesions. (ox.ac.uk)
Cholesterol regulation of the LDLR prevents foam cell formation via this receptor in the setting of hypercholesterolemia. (endotext.org)

Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
GAS6 secretion is decreased during M1 macrophage polarization during obese-OA, leading to impaired macrophage efferocytosis in synovial apoptotic cells. (elifesciences.org)
For example, it is found that in nature the lipid distribution across the inner and outer leaflet of cell membranes is asymmetric and this asymmetry plays a prominent role in processes like cell fusion, activation of the coagulation processes and the recognition and removal of apoptotic cells by macrophages. (lu.se)

We determined that Prdx1 deficiency induced excessive oxidative stress and impaired maintenance of autophagic flux in macrophages. (ewha.ac.kr)
This perturbation in cholesterol homeostasis was due to impaired lipophagic cholesterol hydrolysis caused by excessive oxidative stress, resulting in the inhibition of free cholesterol formation and the reduction of NR1H3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3) activity. (ewha.ac.kr)
This study reveals that PRDX1 is crucial to regulating lipophagic flux and maintaining macrophage cholesterol homeostasis against oxidative stress. (ewha.ac.kr)

We investigated the role of ApoL1 variants in monocyte differentiation and eicosanoid production in macrophages, as activated tissue macrophages in kidney might contribute to kidney injury. (omicsdi.org)
Microglia are similar, but not identical to other tissue macrophages, and in this review, we will first summarize the differences in the origin, lineage and population maintenance of microglia and macrophages. (frontiersin.org)

Furthermore, we determined the major components of GLSP triterpenes, including Ganoderic acid A, Ganoderic acid B, Ganoderic acid C6, Ganoderic acid G, and Ganodermanontriol, and found that these triterpenes promoted ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux and inhibited inflammation in macrophage, and inactivated RUNX2-mediated osteogenesis in VSMC. (thno.org)
The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)
A panel will discuss research gaps and priorities related to human macrophage reservoirs and inflammation/comorbidities and treatment strategies for HIV remission and cure. (nih.gov)

Reduced plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. (cims-ops.cz)
Elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice remodels advanced atherosclerotic lesions by decreasing macrophage and increasing smooth muscle cell content. (ox.ac.uk)
Hyperlipidemia comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by high levels in one or more lipids and/or lipoproteins [atherogenic free fatty acids (FA), triglycerides (TG) (hypertriglyceridemia), small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (hypercholesterolemia), and apolipoprotein (apo) B], and/or low level in antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), in the circulation [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

GLSP reduced the number of foam cells by improving ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages. (thno.org)
Conclusion Berberine may increase cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells, the mechanism of which may be associated with activation of PPARγ pathway and increase of expression of LXRα and ABCA1 mRNA. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Cholesterol content, cholesterol efflux, and ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression were measured. (omicsdi.org)
Recent studies have demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is highly regulated in macrophages and mediates the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoproteins, a process necessary for HDL formation. (jci.org)
The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of monocyte/macrophage ABCA1 to HDL formation in vivo. (jci.org)
We generated mice expressing ABCA1 in macrophages and mice with selected inactivation of ABCA1 in macrophages by bone marrow transplantation in ABCA1-deficient ( ABC1 -/- ) and wild-type (WT) mice. (jci.org)
At all times, the level of HDL in ABC1 -/- recipient mice remained low relative to WT recipient mice irrespective of the genotype of the donor macrophage ABCA1 or high-fat feeding. (jci.org)
Expression of WT macrophage ABCA1 in ABC1 -/- mice resulted in a small but significant increase in apoA-I levels starting 2 weeks after transplantation. (jci.org)
The HDL formed as a consequence of the expression of WT macrophage ABCA1 migrated to the alpha position in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (jci.org)
ABCA1 is expressed in many organs and is thought to mediate HDL maturation by facilitating the efflux of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol onto apolipoproteins. (jci.org)
Exogenous lipid-free apoA-I or endogenous apoE that is produced by the macrophages interacts with ABCA1 to stimulate the efflux of phospholipid and FC to form nascent HDL particles (e.g. apoA-I or apoE containing phospholipid discs). (endotext.org)
The ABCA1 protein is produced in many tissues, but high levels of this protein are found in the liver and in immune cells called macrophages. (medlineplus.gov)
The ABCA1 protein helps move cholesterol and certain fats called phospholipids across the cell membrane to the outside of the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
The changes in the ABCA1 protein prevent the release of cholesterol and phospholipids from cells, decreasing the amount of these substances available to form HDL. (medlineplus.gov)

The present study revealed that obese OA patients and Apoe −/− mice showed a more pronounced synovitis and enhanced macrophage infiltration in synovial tissue, accompanied by dominant M1 macrophage polarization. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, the authors demonstrated that patients with obese-OA and mice with ApoE deficiency showed phenotypes of synovitis and enhanced macrophage infiltration in synovial tissues. (elifesciences.org)
1.2 - Relative effects of simple, refined and unrefined carbohydrate on cardiometabolic risk factors, macrophage cholesterol homeostasis, subcutaneous adipose tissue macrophage infiltration/inflammatory gene expression, and intestinal microbiome. (usda.gov)

We asked whether the APOL1 risk variants alter peripheral cholesterol metabolism and specifically affect macrophage cholesterol efflux. (omicsdi.org)
Our findings suggest that nuclear receptor-regulated CYP27 expression is likely to be a key integrator of retinoic acid receptor-PPARgamma-LXR signaling, relying on natural ligands and contributing to lipid metabolism in macrophages. (nih.gov)
Concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated in the adipocyte, but little is known about mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in fat cells. (jci.org)
While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism. (endotext.org)

Predominance of a proinflammatory phenotype in monocyte-derived macrophages from subjects with low plasma HDL-cholesterol. (cims-ops.cz)
Comparative transcriptome analyses of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from a large population of low HDL-C subjects and age- and sex-matched controls revealed a cluster of inflammatory genes highly expressed in low HDL-C subjects. (cims-ops.cz)
Immunostaining for CD68 and other macrophage-associated proteins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, and tissue factor, in lesions of pretransplant and EKO recipient mice showed abundant macrophages. (ox.ac.uk)

Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)

We here try to address these questions by collecting answers from microglia's cousins, the macrophages that reside in other tissues. (frontiersin.org)
HDL carries cholesterol and phospholipids through the bloodstream from the body's tissues to the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
Once in the liver, cholesterol and phospholipids are redistributed to other tissues or removed from the body. (medlineplus.gov)

In addition to its role in energy storage, adipose tissue also accumulates cholesterol. (jci.org)

When oxysterols were added to macrophages together with 5 μg/ml acetyl LDL, 7-ketocholesterol resulted in further enhancement of cholesterol esterification while 7-hydroxycholesterol produced 55% inhibition of the cholesterol esterification caused by acetyl LDL. (elsevierpure.com)
Oxysterols extracted from oxidized LDL resulted inup to 72% inhibition of acetyl LDL-induced cholesterol esterification. (elsevierpure.com)
The different oxysterols present in oxidized LDL appear to have opposing effects on cholesterol esterification and, depending on the extent of oxidation of LDL and the relative proportions of oxysterols as well as the availability of cholesterol for esterification, the net result of the oxysterols could be either a modest inhibition or stimulation. (elsevierpure.com)

The document also reported that there are several causes of low HDL cholesterol levels and that a number of these-including type II diabetes, overweight, obesity, elevated triglycerides (TGs), and a lack of physical activity-are associated with insulin resistance . (medscape.com)
The ATP III reported, "When a low HDL cholesterol is associated with high triglycerides (200-499 mg/dL), secondary priority goes to achieving the non-HDL cholesterol goal. (medscape.com)

Macrophage autophagy is a highly anti-atherogenic process that promotes the catabolism of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis . (bvsalud.org)

Thin-layer chromatography of oxidized LDL lipids confirmed the loss of esterified cholesterol, and revealed multiple new bands, some of which matched reference oxysterols including 7-ketocholesterol, 5,6-epoxycholesterol, and 7-hydroxycholesterol. (elsevierpure.com)
The lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI) can be calculated by counting 100 macrophages in a BAL specimen treated with a lipid stain and scoring each macrophage from 0 to 4 based on the amount of lipids present in the cell. (wikipedia.org)

Certainly, remedy of CETP transgenic mice with T0901317 decreases HDL cholesterol by about 25 and raises the quantity of cholesterol CCR3 Antagonist list connected with apolipoprotein B containing lipoprotein particles (Figure 5A and B and Table 1). (lipophilic-platinum.com)

METHODS AND RESULTS: ApoE-deficient (EKO) mice were fed a Western-type diet for 6 months, and thoracic aortic segments containing advanced lesions replaced segments of the abdominal aorta of 4-month-old EKO syngeneic mice not expressing (plasma HDL cholesterol approximately 26 mg/dL) or expressing (HDL approximately 64 mg/dL) a human apoAI (hAI) transgene. (ox.ac.uk)

Results: Walnut oil treatment significantly increased cholesterol efflux through decreasing the expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in MDFC. (psu.edu)
Postprandial serum treatment also increased cholesterol efflux in MDFC. (psu.edu)

CONCLUSIONS: Increasing HDL cholesterol levels in EKO mice retards progression of advanced atherosclerotic lesions and remodels them to a more stable-appearing phenotype. (ox.ac.uk)
Moreover, human macrophage-rich atherosclerotic lesions have an increased level of retinoid-, PPARgamma-, and LXR-regulated gene expression and also enhanced CYP27 levels. (nih.gov)

The activated macrophage can not only recognize and kill tumor cells non-specifically, they removing foreign debris, and produce essential cytokines that are able to stimulate the immune system in general and boost bone marrow production. (digitalnaturopath.com)
It is able to protect blood macrophages from free radical attack during and after the radiation allowing these cells to continue to carry their important functions in the irradiated body and release factors important to the restoration of normal bone marrow production. (digitalnaturopath.com)

BM-derived macrophages from APOL1-G1 and -G2 mice showed significantly reduced cholesterol efflux compared to WT or APOL1-G0 macrophages. (omicsdi.org)

No study to date has evaluated the effects of walnuts on cholesterol efflux, the initial step in reverse cholesterol transport, in macrophage-derived foam cells (MDFC). (psu.edu)

A buildup of cholesterol can be toxic to cells, leading to impaired cell function or cell death. (medlineplus.gov)

Macrophage activation will not only help to draw extra cholesterol from the blood but it also can prevent further plaque formation on the arterial walls and phagocytize existing plaque which is recognized as a foreign body. (digitalnaturopath.com)

After treatment for 24 h, flow cytometry was employed to detect Ac-LDL aggregation, enzymic method was adopted to detect contents of cholesterol and triglyceride, scintillation counting technique was used to detect cholesterol efflux, and effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662 pretreatment on cholesterol efflux (pioglitazone as positive control) were analysed. (shsmu.edu.cn)
Oxidation and/or glycation enhances internalization via a number of receptors that are not regulated by cholesterol, including CD36, scavenger receptor A (SRA), lectin-like receptors (LOX), and toll-like receptors (TLR4). (endotext.org)
Beta-1,3-glucan is obtained from purified yeast and stimulates the immune system by contacting a specific receptor on the surface of macrophages. (digitalnaturopath.com)

To investigate the simultaneous presence of macrophages, CRP, membrane attack complex C5b-9 (MAC), and oxidised low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in atherectomy specimens from patients with different coronary syndromes. (bmj.com)
Cryostat sections of atherosclerotic plaques were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD68 (macrophages), anti-5G4 (CRP), aE11 (MAC), and 12E7 (oxLDL). (bmj.com)

The present study found that synovial macrophages infiltrated and polarized in the obesity microenvironment and identified the essential role of M1 macrophages in impaired macrophage efferocytosis using pathology analysis of obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)
Enhanced M1-polarized macrophages in obese synovium decreased growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) secretion, resulting in impaired macrophage efferocytosis in synovial ACs. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, targeting macrophage-associated efferocytosis or intra-articular injection of GAS6 is a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated OA. (elifesciences.org)

Identification of novel lipid droplet factors that regulate lipophagy and cholesterol efflux in macrophage foam cells. (bvsalud.org)
The functional role of candidate lipophagy factors (a total of 91) was tested using a custom siRNA array combined with high-content cholesterol efflux assays. (bvsalud.org)
We observed that knocking down several of these genes , including Hmgb1 , Hmgb2 , Hspa5, and Scarb2, significantly reduced cholesterol efflux, and SARs SQSTM1/p62, NBR1 and OPTN localized to LDs, suggesting a role for these in lipophagy . (bvsalud.org)

One membrane component that is often subverted by vacuolar bacteria is cholesterol - an abundant lipid that mammalian cells produce de novo at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or acquire exogenously from serum-derived lipoprotein carriers. (microbialcell.com)
Collectively, we provide experimental evidence that cellular cholesterol promotes L. pneumophila replication within a membrane bound organelle in infected macrophages. (microbialcell.com)
In one pathway, removal of FC from the plasma membrane stimulates transport of FC that has been generated by neutral cholesterol esterase away from ACAT to the plasma membrane. (endotext.org)
A study by White et al found that psychosine's cytotoxic effects on oligodendroglia and Schwann cells was mediated through disruption of the architecture and composition of lipid rafts (cell membrane regions characterized by high cholesterol and sphingolipid concentration), followed by altered protein kinase C (PKC) function. (medscape.com)

Background: Walnuts significantly decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normo- and hypercholesterolemic individuals. (psu.edu)
Conclusion: In conclusion, walnut oil contains bioactive molecules that significantly improve cholesterol efflux in MDFC. (psu.edu)
Results Compared with blank control group, Ac-LDL aggregation and contents of cholesterol and triglyceride of foam cells in various berberine treatment groups decreased significantly (P＜0.01), while cholesterol efflux increased (P＜0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. (shsmu.edu.cn)

Our benefits indicate that LXR activation can increase the cholesterol acceptor activity of HDL and this effect is influenced by liver LXR activity within a diet-dependent style. (lipophilic-platinum.com)
On-demand erythrocyte disposal and iron recycling requires transient macrophages in the liver. (uniklinik-freiburg.de)
Cholesterol comes from two sources - 80 percent is naturally produced by your liver and intestines, and your diet accounts for the last 20 percent. (greatist.com)
It carries the bad cholesterol and other unhealthy substances to your liver. (greatist.com)

The present studies were done to determine whether the decrease in total cholesterol content during LDL oxidation was due to oxidation of cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, and to determine whether the resulting oxidized sterols could affect cholesterol esterification in cultured macrophages. (elsevierpure.com)

The increase in apoAI was accompanied by a small but significant increase in HDL cholesterol 6 weeks after transplantation. (jci.org)
The decrease in CRP levels to 30 week inversely correlated with the increase in HDL-cholesterol (r=-0.47, p=0.005). (researchgate.net)

Small decreases in serum cholesterol in the 500-ug/m3 exposure group were observed. (cdc.gov)

These genes give the immune cells the ability to "eat" cholesterol, suggesting a potential new treatment for cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)

Phospholipids are the important elements by mass of HDL plus a number of research suggest that HDL phospholipid levels are a greater predictor of cholesterol efflux than other HDL parameters48, 49. (lipophilic-platinum.com)
The effect of agonist remedy on HDL-phospholipid levels, nonetheless, is lost in 0.two cholesterol diet plan challenged LivKO animals (Figure 4D). (lipophilic-platinum.com)
Both types of recipients had comparable non-HDL cholesterol levels. (ox.ac.uk)
According to the ATP III, if a patient's TG levels are below 200 mg/dL (isolated low HDL cholesterol), the administration of drugs that increase HDL (fibrates or nicotinic acid) can be considered. (medscape.com)
Despite that macrophages have low affinity for nonoxidized LDL, reducing LDL levels prevents oxidation, as recognized by European and American cardiac societies in their guidelines [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Substantial evidence supports the use of statins in the secondary prevention of CAD, and the efficacy of statins has recently been extended to include primary prevention of CAD in patients with average cholesterol levels. (medscape.com)
ApoA-I, cholesterol, and phospholipids combine to make high-density lipoprotein (HDL), often referred to as "good cholesterol" because high levels of this substance reduce the chances of developing heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. (medlineplus.gov)
The process of removing excess cholesterol from cells is extremely important for balancing cholesterol levels and maintaining cardiovascular health. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition, the inability to transport cholesterol and phospholipids out of cells results in very low HDL levels, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Take Ambien just as it was positive for you cholesterol levels chart age. (daubnet.com)
Infliximab administration is associated with important increases in cholesterol levels in all its forms but as no significant beneficial effect on the atherogenic ratio. (researchgate.net)

Even after correction for the amount of intact cholesterol delivered to the cells, acetyl LDL was twofold more efficient at stimulating cholesterol esterification than oxidized LDL. (elsevierpure.com)
Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage derived foam cells, and explore the possible mechanism. (shsmu.edu.cn)
The decrease in macrophages and increase in smooth muscle cells was primarily in the superficial subendothelial layer. (ox.ac.uk)
Because it is such a diverse population of cells, a fundamental question is whether they have a common precursor or whether each macrophage population develops from a different precursor. (frontiersin.org)
Although CD4 T cells are the main targets of HIV infection, macrophages also become infected and resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing potentially to HIV reservoir persistence. (nih.gov)
These variants prevent the release of cholesterol and phospholipids from cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Cholesterol keeps your cells and organs working properly. (greatist.com)

Physiological function of cholesterol sulfate and its role in related diseases [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(3): 371-375. (shsmu.edu.cn)

Cholesterol buildup that stops blood from getting to the brain may cause a stroke. (greatist.com)

Lipid-poor HDL precursors mature by obtaining cholesterol and phospholipids from cell membranes or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. (jci.org)

In summary, we will show that neuroimmunologists can learn many lessons from the well-developed field of macrophage phagocytosis biology. (frontiersin.org)

Intra-articular injection of GAS6 restored the phagocytic capacity of macrophages, decreased synovial cell apoptosis, and prevented OA progression in obese-OA mice. (elifesciences.org)

cut point of 2 mg/L), subjects in the lower CRP sub-group benefited more from dietary intervention, including a more increase in cholesterol efflux, a greater reduction in SCD1, and a blunted postprandial lipemia. (psu.edu)

[ 14 ] Psychosine was found to accumulate preferentially in white matter, with associated regional cholesterol increases causing alterations of lipid raft (LR) markers flotillin-2 and caveolin-1. (medscape.com)

Importantly, the growth benefit of cholesterol was observed strictly in cellular infections and L. pneumophila growth kinetics in axenic cultures did not change in the presence of cholesterol. (microbialcell.com)

It was found that when LDL prelabeled with [ 3 H]cholesteryl linoleate was oxidized, there was a decrease in cholesterol mass but no change in radioactivity. (elsevierpure.com)

The FC is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to be esterified by acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). (endotext.org)

Anatomy31

Organisms13

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs142

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes34

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science2

Health Care1

Accumulation14

Atherosclerosis5

Alveolar macrophages4

Monocytes6

Lipid-Laden Macrophages2

Intracellular5

Foam cell5

Apoptotic cells3

Oxidative stress3

Tissue macrophages2

Inflammation3

High-density lipoprotein-cho3

ABCA114

Infiltration3

Metabolism5

Monocyte3

Uptake1

Tissues3

Adipose tissue1

Inhibition3

Triglycerides2

Homeostasis1

Lipids2

Transgenic mice1

Plasma HDL-cholesterol1

Increased cholesterol efflux2

Atherosclerotic lesions2

Bone2

Efflux compared1

Reverse cholesterol transport1

Leading to impaired1

Arterial1

Receptor3

OxLDL2

Efferocytosis3

Lipophagy3

Membrane4

Significantly3

Liver4

Total cholesterol1

Increase in HDL cholesterol2

Serum1

Immune cells1

Levels11

Cells7

20211

Buildup1

Precursors1

Phagocytosis1

Progression1

Reduction1

Alterations1

Importantly1

Decrease1

Endoplasmic reticulum1