• Cigarette smoking and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations: an analysis of published data. (bmj.com)
  • Meta-analyses have found that exercise results in small but significant decreases of low-density-lipoprotein- and total cholesterol (2), and that smoking is associated with a small, but significant higher concentration of these lipids (3). (bmj.com)
  • The hydroxyl group of each cholesterol molecule interacts with water molecules surrounding the membrane, as do the polar heads of the membrane phospholipids and sphingolipids, while the bulky steroid and the hydrocarbon chain are embedded in the membrane, alongside the nonpolar fatty-acid chain of the other lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • We conclude that one-year therapy with infliximab is likely to lead to a more pro-atherogenic pattern of the plasma lipids concentrations. (bmj.com)
  • Concentrations and composition of lipids and lipoproteins in serum remained unchanged. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Fasting blood or serum samples for glucose, lipids, prolactin and antipsychotic drug concentrations were analyzed. (nel.edu)
  • Short-term effects of anti-TNF on plasma lipid concentrations seemed beneficial and anti-atherogenic. (bmj.com)
  • Apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins are removed by precipitation with heparin sulfate and MnCl 2 and cholesterol is measured in the HDL-containing supernatant. (cdc.gov)
  • The apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins in the specimen are reacted with a blocking reagent that renders them non-reactive with the enzymatic cholesterol reagent under conditions of the assay. (cdc.gov)
  • The method uses sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin in the presence of Mg +2 , which forms complexes with apoB containing lipoproteins, and polyethylene glycol-coupled cholesteryl esterase and cholesterol oxidase for the HDL-cholesterol measurement. (cdc.gov)
  • During the first seven hours after ingestion of cholesterol, as absorbed fats are being distributed around the body within extracellular water by the various lipoproteins (which transport all fats in the water outside cells), the concentrations increase. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 4 ] Both reports note that increased apoB levels and triglyceride concentrations are prevalent in patients with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus and that apoB measurement is warranted in patients at risk for determining cardiovascular risk and monitoring statin treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) elevations are moderate (140-300 mg/dL) with serum triglyceride concentrations within the reference range. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in patients with normal or minimally elevated triglyceride levels and average high-density cholesterol levels (HDL-C), the total serum cholesterol measurement can be used as a surrogate for the LDL-C level. (medscape.com)
  • A meta-analysis of 52 exercise training trials with nearly 5,000 subjects showed reductions in triglyceride and LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels. (healthline.com)
  • Moreover, we show that circulating cholesterol levels are directly correlated with tumoral expression of CYP17A, the critical enzyme required for de novo synthesis of androgens from cholesterol (R = 0.4073, p = 0.025) Since hypercholesterolemia does not raise circulating androgen levels and the adrenal gland of the mouse synthesizes minimal androgens, this study provides evidence that hypercholesterolemia increases intratumoral de novo steroidogenesis. (harvard.edu)
  • Polygenic hypercholesterolemia is the most common cause of elevated serum cholesterol concentrations. (medscape.com)
  • Polygenic hypercholesterolemia is caused by a susceptible genotype aggravated by one or more factors, including atherogenic diet (excessive intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and, to a lesser extent, cholesterol), obesity , and sedentary lifestyle. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] The revisions and update have reflected the results of randomized placebo controlled clinical trials that have demonstrated reduced morbidity and mortality in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia treated with cholesterol-lowering agents, particularly (though not exclusively) statins. (medscape.com)
  • A case-controlled study was done in the UK to determine if LDL cholesterol gene score can help differentiate patients with polygenic and monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, blocking FSH signaling by anti-FSHβ antibody or ablating the FSH receptor ( FSHR ) gene could effectively prevent hypercholesterolemia induced by FSH injection or high-cholesterol diet feeding. (nature.com)
  • Attainment of LDL Cholesterol Treatment Goals in Children and Adolescents With Familial Hypercholesterolemia. (revespcardiol.org)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of a newly developed oat milk deprived of insoluble fiber would result in lower serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. (lu.se)
  • Recently there has been growing emphasis on the fact that each LDL particle contains a single molecule of the atherogenic apolipoprotein (apo) B, meaning that measuring the concentration of apoB provides a direct measure of the number of circulating atherogenic lipoprotein particles. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, therapy with statins has been shown to reduce LDL-C content more than LDL particle concentration, which may explain the observation that so many patients on optimum statin therapy will still experience CHD events and also emphasize that apoB may provide a better assessment of residual risk for patients on statin therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusion: The ability of individual statins to lower serum cholesterol concentration varied, with atorvastatin and simvastatin being the most effective. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using this same model we now demonstrate that circulating cholesterol levels are significantly associated with tumor size (R = 0.3957, p = 0.0049) and intratumoral levels of testosterone (R = 0.41, p = 0.0023) in LNCaP tumors grown in hormonally intact mice. (harvard.edu)
  • In the United States, the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) guidelines are the most commonly used reference for determining therapeutic target LDL-C levels. (medscape.com)
  • First, epidemiological results show that the serum FSH levels are positively correlated with the serum total cholesterol levels, even after adjustment by considering the effects of serum estrogen. (nature.com)
  • Research has demonstrated that glancing at greenery can also markedly boost concentration levels and productivity in college and the workplace. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Individuals who glanced at the meadow scene made considerably fewer errors and exhibited superior concentration levels on the remaining half of the task than those who observed the concrete scene. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The presence of greenery increased workplace satisfaction, perceived air quality, and reported levels of concentration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cholesterol also serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, bile acid and vitamin D. Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood, especially when bound to low-density lipoprotein (LDL, often referred to as "bad cholesterol"), may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • During therapy, the changes in disease activity and inflammatory status were inversely correlated with changes in plasma total and HDL cholesterol levels and positively correlated with the variation of atherogenic index. (bmj.com)
  • Given the crucial role of cholesterol in regulating different neuronal processes, eukaryotes have developed sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms to preserve cholesterol levels in an optimal range in each brain region ( Segatto et al, 2013 ). (nature.com)
  • All exposure concentrations produced an increase in serum cholesterol levels. (cdc.gov)
  • The TM-rich diets produced a concentration-dependent increase in total plasma cholesterol which was a result of significant increases in both VLDL and HDL levels. (cambridge.org)
  • The TP-rich diets increased plasma LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels in a concentration-dependent manner. (cambridge.org)
  • Mean LDL cholesterol levels in New York City and nationally were similar. (cdc.gov)
  • Population approaches - such as making the food environment more heart-healthy - and aggressive clinical management of cholesterol levels are needed. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite advances in lowering total blood cholesterol, particularly throughout the 1980s (6,7), and the recent broad-scale use of medications targeting LDL cholesterol, control of lipid levels remains poor in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • However, no study has examined LDL cholesterol levels by using a representative sample in New York City or in any exclusively urban setting. (cdc.gov)
  • To define high LDL levels, we used the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines, which provide thresholds for diagnosing and targets for lowering high LDL cholesterol on the basis of individual CHD risk (5,14). (cdc.gov)
  • A study published in the British Medical Journal found that women who committed to regular brisk walks raised their levels of HDL ("good") cholesterol. (healthline.com)
  • Therefore, MUFA-enriched diets are a suitable alternative to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets as a means of reducing plasma cholesterol levels and CHD risk. (bl.uk)
  • According to the ATP III, if a patient's TG levels are below 200 mg/dL (isolated low HDL cholesterol), the administration of drugs that increase HDL (fibrates or nicotinic acid) can be considered. (medscape.com)
  • The blood glucose level, liver function enzymes, total protein, lipid, and cholesterol levels were significantly normalized by extract treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • Compared with the control drink, intake of oat milk resulted in significantly lower serum total cholesterol (6, p = 0.005) and LDL cholesterol (6, p = 0.036) levels. (lu.se)
  • Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that children and adolescents limit their intake of solid fats, cholesterol, sodium, added sugars, and refined grains. (cdc.gov)
  • François Poulletier de la Salle first identified cholesterol in solid form in gallstones in 1769. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wheat bran consumption prevents cholesterol gallstones. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • An increased intake of wheat bran was thus shown to be a decisive dietary measure in the prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstones. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Cholesterol stones are the most common type of gallstone to develop, occurring in approximately 80% of patients with gallstones. (freedrinkingwater.com)
  • Through the interaction with the phospholipid fatty-acid chains, cholesterol increases membrane packing, which both alters membrane fluidity and maintains membrane integrity so that animal cells do not need to build cell walls (like plants and most bacteria). (wikipedia.org)
  • Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)
  • While it is well established that the fatty acid composition of dietary fat is important in determining plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, the effects of changing the absolute quantities of the individual fatty acids are less clear. (cambridge.org)
  • We conclude that the RLP-C concentration, which is likely to reflect the plasma cholesterol contained in postprandially modified VLDL and chylomicron remnants, is strongly associated with angiographically verified progression of focal coronary atherosclerosis, and that lowering of RLPs prevents vein graft stenosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As the mass of TO in the diet increased, plasma VLDL-cholesterol concentrations rose. (cambridge.org)
  • 20%), the LDL goal is under 100 mg/dL, and the goal for non-HDL cholesterol (LDL plus very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL]) is below 130 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
  • We demonstrate tumoral expression of cholesterol uptake genes as well as the spectrum of steroidogenic enzymes necessary for androgen biosynthesis from cholesterol. (harvard.edu)
  • In this study, we find that blocking FSH reduces serum cholesterol via inhibiting hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. (nature.com)
  • This effect, in turn, results in the upregulation of SREBP-2 , which drives HMGCR nascent transcription and de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, leading to the increase of cholesterol accumulation. (nature.com)
  • Atorvastatin lowered total serum cholesterol by about 1.3 mmol/L compared with placebo at 12 months, and by 1.1 mmol/L after 3 years of follow-up. (nih.gov)
  • Until very recently, guidelines for the assessment of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, such as the third report Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III), [ 1 ] focused on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as the primary target for preventive therapy, based on the assumption that cholesterol is the most important lipoprotein-related proatherogenic risk factor. (medscape.com)
  • An increase in the amount of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. (nih.gov)
  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are the major plasma carriers of cholesterol. (medscape.com)
  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and the primary target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • An established body of evidence points to reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as one of the most effective ways to prevent and treat CHD, regardless of a person's risk (2-4). (cdc.gov)
  • Our aim was to evaluate the achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment goals in FH patients younger than 18 years enrolled in a large national registry. (revespcardiol.org)
  • Objective It is well known that total cholesterol becomes less of a risk factor or not at all for all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality with increasing age, but as little is known as to whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), one component of total cholesterol, is associated with mortality in the elderly, we decided to investigate this issue. (bmj.com)
  • The study explores the hypothesis by investigating effects of consumption of 1000 mg of PSO on total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure ((BP). (scielo.br)
  • This finding of a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level can be useful as an independent factor in assessing coronary artery disease (CAD) risk and further management. (medscape.com)
  • The concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly different after consumption of the two drinks. (lu.se)
  • The neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (NHR) is thought to reflect inflammatory status and dyslipidaemia, both of which play significant roles in coronary artery disease (CAD). (bvsalud.org)
  • Cholesterol is measured enzymatically in serum or plasma in a series of coupled reactions that hydrolyze cholesteryl esters and oxidize the 3-OH group of cholesterol. (cdc.gov)
  • In this structural role, cholesterol also reduces the permeability of the plasma membrane to neutral solutes, hydrogen ions, and sodium ions. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, these changes did not persist: plasma concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index increased after 6 months and 1 year from the start of therapy. (bmj.com)
  • 1 Among the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the lipid profile in RA has often been described as "pro-atherogenic", 2 based on decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased LDL:HDL-C ratio and lipoprotein (a) plasma concentrations in both active and treated RA. (bmj.com)
  • Recently, a novel method for the determination of the remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol (RLP-C) concentration was developed based on immunoaffinity-separation of plasma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We investigated the relationship between the plasma RLP-C concentration and the angiographic outcome of the 2-year, randomised, placebo-controlled Lipid Coronary Angiography Trial (LOCAT), which used gemfibrozil as lipid lowering agent. (ox.ac.uk)
  • UPF consumption was not associated with high LDL cholesterol plasma concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • However, a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol (P (bl.uk)
  • Hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA concentrations were significantly decreased in animals fed on TP, while apolipoprotein B mRNA concentrations were significantly increased. (cambridge.org)
  • The infusion of the plant can also be a complement to the dietary treatment of those suffering from high cholesterol. (teaalmanac.com)
  • Typical daily cholesterol dietary intake for a man in the United States is 307 mg. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, on a low-cholesterol diet, increasing the absolute amount of dietary palmitic acid increases LDL-cholesterol more than either myristic or stearic acid. (cambridge.org)
  • Of 19342 hypertensive patients (aged 40-79 years with at least three other cardiovascular risk factors) randomised to one of two antihypertensive regimens in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial, 10305 with non-fasting total cholesterol concentrations 6.5 mmol/L or less were randomly assigned additional atorvastatin 10 mg or placebo. (nih.gov)
  • Atorvastatin and simvastatin achieved the greatest percentage reduction in serum cholesterol concentrations (30.1%, 95% confidence interval 28.8% to 31.4% and 28.0%, 26.7% to 29.3%, respectively). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The lowering of cholesterol concentrations in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease improves outcome. (nih.gov)
  • Main outcome measures: Proportion of patients achieving serum cholesterol concentration of ≤5 mmol/l and mean percentage reduction in serum cholesterol concentration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Results: 1353 of 2469 (54.8%) patients receiving lipid lowering treatment had a last recorded serum cholesterol concentration of ≤5 mmol/l. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As the initial serum cholesterol concentrations were higher than those in randomised controlled trials, target serum cholesterol values of ≤5 mmol/l may be unrealistic even for patients on the most efficacious drugs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cholesterol concentration in bile decreased from 3.27 +/- 0.89 mmol/l to 2.50 +/- 0.67 mmol/l. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Even if the habit of eating frequently, or exercising regularly, or abstaining from smoking, or living a non-stressed life may lower the cholesterol concentration, there is no evidence either that this effect may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease by itself. (bmj.com)
  • You may not have the luxury of a rooftop garden or an office laden with plants, but spending time outside someplace green, or eating your lunch in the park each day, could make a significant difference to your concentration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Plants make cholesterol in very small amounts. (wikipedia.org)
  • The used leaves, roots and stalks of the lespedeza plant help to fight the high concentrations of bad cholesterol and help in the treatment of several other diseases. (teaalmanac.com)
  • And thanks to these properties, the consumption of the plant is indicated as a great natural treatment for people suffering from kidney problems, rheumatism, cholesterol, cystitis, urethritis, ureteritis, gout, high blood pressure, edema and obesity accompanied by fluid retention. (teaalmanac.com)
  • For those who want to use the plant in the treatment of kidney problems, high cholesterol and rheumatism, the ideal is to use the extract made from the stem of the lespedeza. (teaalmanac.com)
  • We estimated the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of high LDL cholesterol using data from a unique local survey of New York City's diverse population. (cdc.gov)
  • High LDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk were defined using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines. (cdc.gov)
  • In New York City, 28% of adults had high LDL cholesterol, 71% of whom were aware of their condition. (cdc.gov)
  • High prevalence of high LDL cholesterol and inadequate treatment and control contribute to preventable illness and death, especially among those at highest risk. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevalence of high total cholesterol and high LDL cholesterol remained virtually unchanged between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 (8,9), and only one-fourth of US adults with elevated LDL cholesterol have their condition appropriately controlled (8). (cdc.gov)
  • National estimates of high LDL cholesterol are not available for other Hispanics or for Asians. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we examine prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of high LDL cholesterol in New York City adults by using the first community Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES). (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro phospholipase and lipase were increased by low concentrations of heparin, but decreased by high concentrations. (karger.com)
  • Since elderly people with high LDL-C live as long or longer than those with low LDL-C, our analysis provides reason to question the validity of the cholesterol hypothesis. (bmj.com)
  • However, when there are high concentrations of cholesterol, the stones can form. (freedrinkingwater.com)
  • Also, cholesterol is not the only culprit- high sodium diets can also help create stones because if there is too much salt in the blood, the water supply goes down. (freedrinkingwater.com)
  • Dr. Titan and her co-workers' suggestion that frequent eating lowers cholesterol may be right, but their data allow other explanations to their findings (1). (bmj.com)
  • Cholesterol regulates the biological process of substrate presentation and the enzymes that use substrate presentation as a mechanism of their activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cholesterol-fueled intratumoral androgen synthesis may accelerate the growth of prostate tumors, and suggest that treatment of CRPC may be optimized by inclusion of cholesterol reduction therapies in conjunction with therapies targeting androgen synthesis and the AR. (harvard.edu)
  • This finding is inconsistent with the cholesterol hypothesis (ie, that cholesterol, particularly LDL-C, is inherently atherogenic). (bmj.com)
  • The aim of the present work was to shed light on the role played by the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the modulation of emotional reactivity and memory consolidation in rodents through the inhibition of the key and rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) both in vivo and in vitro with simvastatin. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, the present findings indicate that the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is critically involved in the physiological modulation of both emotional and cognitive processes in rodents. (nature.com)
  • An acute intravenous injection of heparin produced the following changes in enzyme activities: in serum, phospholipase and lipase were increased, cholesterol esteresa unchanged;in tissues phospholipase was increased, lipase was increased in heart and liver but decreased in aorta, cholesterol esterase was increased in heart but decreased in liver and aorta. (karger.com)
  • Relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality versus baseline serum cholesterol over time in 3 large cohorts of young men. (medscape.com)
  • Cholesterol esterase was decreased irrespective of heparin concentration. (karger.com)
  • Concentration of total bile acids and bile acid spectrum, as well as the concentration of phospholipids, remained unchanged for the six weeks of increased wheat bran intake. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • More recently it has been proposed that prostate tumor cells synthesize their own androgens through de novo steroidogenesis, which involves the step-wise synthesis of androgens from cholesterol. (harvard.edu)
  • Cases data showed a significant reduction in endpoint LDL and DBP values along with a likewise significant increase in HDL cholesterol. (scielo.br)
  • The habit of eating once or twice a day also reflects a stressful life with little control of one's daily activities, and many studies have shown that mental stress may rise the cholesterol concentration considerably (4). (bmj.com)
  • Consistently, the results indicate that FSH, independent of estrogen, increases the serum cholesterol level in this mouse model. (nature.com)
  • When PIP2 concentration in the membrane increases, PLD2 leaves the cholesterol-dependent domains and binds to PIP2 where it then gains access to its substrate PC and commences catalysis based on substrate presentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, CHD risk is more directly related to the number of atherogenic lipoprotein particles circulating in the serum than it is to the total volume of cholesterol. (medscape.com)
  • The word cholesterol comes from Ancient Greek chole- 'bile' and stereos 'solid', followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Looking closer at a gallstone, we can find that it is actually made up of cholesterol deposits left over from the body's bile-making process. (freedrinkingwater.com)
  • Elevated LDL-C concentrations may be the consequence of elevated LDL production or decreased LDL hepatic uptake. (medscape.com)
  • In NHANES 1999-2000, HDL-cholesterol was measured using two methods. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods and results: Serum concentrations of Trp and Kyn, oxidative stress indices malondialdehyde (MDA) and allantoin/uric acid (All/UA) ratio and anti-oxidant amino acid taurine were measured in 30 CKD patients randomized to 40mg/day simvastatin (group 1), ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20mg/day (group 2) or ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/40mg/day (group 3) and treated for 12 months. (edu.au)
  • The data will be used to monitor the status of hyperlipidemia and the success of the National Cholesterol Education Program. (cdc.gov)
  • The direct method is used for participants ages 3-5 and for participants with no heparin-manganese HDL-cholesterol values, usually as a result of limited sample volume. (cdc.gov)
  • Lipid lowering drugs differed significantly for pretreatment serum cholesterol concentration, most recent cholesterol concentration, and the associated percentage reduction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although the mean serum cholesterol concentrations in this unselected population tended to be higher than those in clinical trials, the percentage reduction was consistent with the trials. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Also, the higher initial concentrations could mean that the absolute reduction in cardiovascular risk in primary care patients is greater than thought. (ox.ac.uk)
  • On average, every 1% reduction in LDL cholesterol is matched by a 1% reduction in the likelihood of a major cardiac event (5). (cdc.gov)
  • It is concluded that also oat milk deprived of insoluble fiber has cholesterol-reducing properties. (lu.se)