OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic AcidHerbicidesDelftia acidovorans2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic AcidChlorophenolsBiodegradation, EnvironmentalAlcaligenesNaphthaleneacetic AcidsCupriavidus necatorChlorobenzoatesHerbicide ResistancePesticide ResiduesIndoleacetic AcidsGlycolatesPropanilPlant Growth RegulatorsSoil MicrobiologySoil PollutantsPesticidesPlant Somatic Embryogenesis TechniquesGram-Negative Aerobic BacteriaMixed Function OxygenasesGravitropism
HerbicidesCompoundsExposuresAcetic AcidDicambaActive ingredientButylHerbicide productsMCPAConcentrationCytokininWeedsTissuesRiceProductsWidelyPlantsPlant growthStudiesGroupCompanyWaterCellAcetic acidMCPPChlorophenoxyaceticHerbicideEsterToxicityExposureSynthesis2000Urinary levelsRapidly absorbedDetectableSupplDegradationHormoneUrine1974IrritantsCropsLevelSprayEndocrineOccurSoilChemicalControlGrowthLevelsReviewTime
Herbicides4
  • 2,4-D is one of the oldest and most widely available herbicides and defoliants in the world, having been commercially available since 1945, and is now produced by many chemical companies since the patent on it has long since expired. (wikipedia.org)
  • the choline salt form of 2,4-D is less volatile than 2,4-D. 2,4-D is a member of the phenoxy family of herbicides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chlorophenoxy compounds, particularly 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 2,4-D ) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid ( MCPA ), are amongst the most widely used herbicides in the United States for both agricultural and residential applications. (pesticidetruths.com)
  • usually known as 2,4-D) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. (forumenterprises.co.in)
Compounds3
  • The potential interaction between these polymorphisms and exposures to chlorophenoxy compounds, particularly in occupational settings, is largely unknown. (pesticidetruths.com)
  • Burton D. F. Formative effects of certain substituted chlorophenoxy compounds on bean leaves. (ucanr.edu)
  • The compounds of the formula (I) can optionally exist as geometric and/or optical isomers or isomer mixtures of different composition, depending on type of the substituents R.sup.1 and R.sup.2. (justia.com)
Exposures1
  • Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age and state, were used to estimate associations between ESRD and: (1) ordinal categories of intensity-weighted lifetime use of 39 pesticides, (2) poisoning and high-level pesticide exposures and (3) pesticide exposure resulting in a medical visit or hospitalisation. (bmj.com)
Acetic Acid1
  • William Templeman found that when indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the naturally occurring auxin, was used at high concentrations, it could stop plant growth. (wikipedia.org)
Dicamba1
  • Strike 3 weed killer contains three active ingredients for systemic control of hard-to-kill weeds: dicamba, mecoprop-p and 2,4-D. They each have a specific mode of action to get right to the source and knock down the weeds from the target sites. (heritageppg.com)
Active ingredient1
  • Over 1,500 herbicide products contain 2,4-D as an active ingredient. (wikipedia.org)
Butyl1
  • Eames A. J. Comparative effects of spray treatments with growth-regulating substances on the nut grass, Cyperus rotundus L., and anatomical modifications following treatment with butyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate. (ucanr.edu)
Herbicide products1
MCPA2
  • The combined evidence indicates it is HIGHLY IMPLAUSIBLE that exposure to 2,4-D and/or MCPA are associated with a risk of developing Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma ( NHL ) or other lymphohematopoietic cancers. (pesticidetruths.com)
  • This systematic review assembles the available data to evaluate epidemiologic, toxicological, pharmacokinetic, exposure, and bio-monitoring studies with respect to key cellular events noted in disease etiology and how those relate to hypothesized modes of action for these constituents to determine the plausibility of an association between environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,4-D and MCPA and lymphohematopoietic cancers. (pesticidetruths.com)
Concentration2
  • The concentration of 2-4-dichlorophenoxyacetic-acid (94757) in or near the work areas of an embalming fluids and cosmetics manufacturing plant is not found to constitute a potential health hazard to the employees. (cdc.gov)
  • It can be 2 variants 6-8% concentration and 9-11% concentration liquid. (forumenterprises.co.in)
Cytokinin1
  • Among all these plant hormones auxins, cytokinin and gibberellins promote plant growth while abscisic acid and ethylene inhibit plant growth. (winmeen.com)
Weeds3
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3 which is usually referred to by its ISO common name 2,4-D. It is a systemic herbicide which kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth in them but most grasses such as cereals, lawn turf, and grassland are relatively unaffected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within a year after the war ended, 2,4-D was commercially released as an herbicide to control broadleaf weeds in grain crops such as rice and wheat, and in the 1950s it was registered in the United States to control size and enhance skin color in potatoes without affecting yields. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of 2,4-D to control broadleaf weeds in turf was documented soon thereafter, in 1944. (wikipedia.org)
Tissues1
  • Acala), 2,4-D applied in sublethal dosage to the cotyledons affects the structure and morphology, not of the apical meristem itself, but of the organs and tissues derived from it. (ucanr.edu)
Rice2
  • Sec 7.1 Britain and the United States were looking for a chemical to starve Germany and Japan into submission by killing their potato and rice crops, but 2,4-D was found to be ineffective for that purpose, because both crops tolerate it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dunlap A. A. 2,4-D injury to cotton from airplane dusting of rice. (ucanr.edu)
Products1
Widely2
  • Sec 7.1 2,4-D is one of the ingredients in Agent Orange, an herbicide that was widely used during the Malayan Emergency and the Vietnam War. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ferrous Sulphide sticks are widely used as a laboratory chemical for the preparation of Hydrogen Sulphide gas, by famous KIPP'S apparatus when comes in contact with dilute mineral acids. (forumenterprises.co.in)
Plants2
Plant growth1
  • The first scientific publication describing the 2,4-D structure and plant growth regulating activity was by Percy W. Zimmerman and Albert E. Hitchcock at the Boyce Thompson Institute, who were not the original inventors. (wikipedia.org)
Studies2
  • In 2012, Dr. Katherine von Stackelberg conducted a study to determine whether there was ANY VALIDITY to the suggestion from some EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES that 2,4-D may be associated with an increased risk of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma ( NHL ), Hodgkin's Disease, Leukemia, and Soft Tissue Sarcoma. (pesticidetruths.com)
  • Toxicological studies in rodents show NO EVIDENCE OF CARCINOGENICITY, and regulatory agencies world-wide consider chlorophenoxies like 2,4-D as NOT LIKELY TO BE CARCINOGENIC or UNCLASSIFIABLE AS TO CARCINOGENICITY. (pesticidetruths.com)
Group1
  • Eames A. J. Histological effects of treatments with growth-regulating substances of the 2,4-D group. (ucanr.edu)
Company1
  • The company shares glorious credentials as an eminent supplier of 2,4-D and offers the best deals. (forumenterprises.co.in)
Water2
  • A. Instream water quality conditions shall not be acutely 1 or chronically 2 toxic except as allowed in 9VAC25-260-20 B (mixing zones). (virginia.gov)
  • The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. (forumenterprises.co.in)
Cell2
  • Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in addition to the original Cell Theory: The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • Foster A. S. The use of tannic acid and iron chloride for staining cell walls in meristematic tissue. (ucanr.edu)
Acetic acid2
  • William Templeman found that when indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the naturally occurring auxin, was used at high concentrations, it could stop plant growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Synthesis and Study of Some fused Substituted 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazoles and 1, 2, 4-Triazoles from 4-Chloro-phenoxy acetic acid and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid. (imedpub.com)
MCPP1
  • A: A product containing 2,4-D and MCPP effectively controls dandelions and white clover. (lawnweeds.com)
Chlorophenoxyacetic3
  • IARC considers the chlorophenoxyacetic acids group of chemicals as possibly carcinogenic to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • 6. Mortality of workers exposed to 2 methyl-4 chlorophenoxyacetic acid. (nih.gov)
  • An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. (bvsalud.org)
Herbicide10
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3 which is usually referred to by its ISO common name 2,4-D. It is a systemic herbicide which kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth in them but most grasses such as cereals, lawn turf, and grassland are relatively unaffected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over 1,500 herbicide products contain 2,4-D as an active ingredient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within a year after the war ended, 2,4-D was commercially released as an herbicide to control broadleaf weeds in grain crops such as rice and wheat, and in the 1950s it was registered in the United States to control size and enhance skin color in potatoes without affecting yields. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first publication of 2,4-D's use as a selective herbicide came in 1944. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sec 7.1 2,4-D is one of the ingredients in Agent Orange, an herbicide that was widely used during the Malayan Emergency and the Vietnam War. (wikipedia.org)
  • Widely used throughout the United States, the chlorophenoxy herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) controls broadleaf weeds in residential, agricultural, and aquatic environments. (cdc.gov)
  • 2,4-D is rapidly absorbed via oral and inhalation routes It is not well absorbed through the skin, although dermal exposure may be significant for herbicide manufacturing plant workers exposed to high concentrations of 2,4-D or for prolonged periods. (cdc.gov)
  • 4. Cancer in phenoxy herbicide manufacturing workers in Denmark, 1947-87--an update. (nih.gov)
  • A: The compound 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, or 2,4-D, is a herbicide used to kill any dicot plant tissue. (lawnweeds.com)
  • A: 2-4-D is a slow-release herbicide that typically takes up to 14 days to completely kill the weeds in your lawn. (lawnweeds.com)
Ester4
  • Acid and salt forms are much less toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates than the ester forms. (cdc.gov)
  • Similar results are seen after oral administration of alkali metal salts of 2,4-D. In the case of an ester of 2,4-D, absorption by the oral route is poor, as evidenced by low plasma and tissue levels following administration. (inchem.org)
  • The distribution pattern after administering an ester of 2,4-D is similar to that of the salts, although tissue levels are lower. (inchem.org)
  • Elimination of 2,4-D when administered as an ester is less rapid than that of salts. (inchem.org)
Toxicity2
  • 2,4-D has low acute toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Purity Technical, 98 percent pure EVALUATION FOR ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE N.B. Except when otherwise specified, toxicity studies on 2,4-D are assumed to have been performed using the free acid. (inchem.org)
Exposure2
  • General population exposure to 2,4-D may occur during residential applications, by direct contact with agricultural and residential areas after applications, and by consuming food or drinking water contaminated with 2,4-D. Recent estimates of chronic intakes of 2,4-D have been below recommended intake limits (U.S.EPA, 2005). (cdc.gov)
  • Urinary levels of 2,4-D reflect recent exposure. (cdc.gov)
Synthesis1
  • Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives of 4-(6-methylbenzo [d] thiazol-2-yl) benzamine. (imedpub.com)
20002
  • 2000), urinary 2,4-D levels were detectable in less than a quarter of the individuals studied. (cdc.gov)
  • 1994). Average post-application urinary levels of 2,4-D in farmers were more than 25-fold higher than the 95th percentiles in the NHANES 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 subsamples (Arbuckle et al. (cdc.gov)
Urinary levels1
Rapidly absorbed1
  • BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS Absorption, distribution and excretion When administered orally as an amine salt, 2,4-D is rapidly absorbed in animals, concentrations in plasma reaching a peak after two hours for chickens, or four to seven hours for rats, calves and pigs. (inchem.org)
Detectable1
  • Only 5 of 15 minimally exposed (control) foresters had two or more rearrangements, and 3 of these 5 subjects demonstrated detectable levels of 2,4-D in the urine. (cdc.gov)
Suppl1
  • 106 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):683-8. (nih.gov)
Degradation2
  • Nevertheless, the decrease of the (S)-2,4-DCPP-specific 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase in 2D gels reveals a potential bottleneck in 2,4-DCPP degradation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The U.S. federal government's experience with 2,4,5-T demonstrates a significant principle: One must be concerned not only with the safety of the active components of commercial products, but also with the safety of byproducts that may be present in those products or that may form during natural degradation. (900.su)
Hormone1
  • Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) values were correlated with urinary 2,4-D levels, but follicle-stimulating hormone and free and total testosterone were not. (cdc.gov)
Urine3
  • Once absorbed, 2,4-D is eliminated mostly unchanged in the urine with an elimination half-life ranging from 10 to 33 hours (Arnold et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Categorized by applicator method, men who used a hand-held, backpack sprayer in their applications showed the highest average level (453.6 ppb) of 2,4-D in urine. (cdc.gov)
  • In a case of fatal poisoning in many 2,4-D was found in blood, urine and tissues of all organs the brain had the lowest concentration - less than one fiftieth of that in the blood (Nielzen et al. (inchem.org)
19741
Irritants2
  • [ 4 ] Airways are also exposed to irritants which are noncorrosive chemicals that cause a reversible inflammatory change of the bronchial mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • The acid and salt forms of 2,4-D are eye irritants. (cdc.gov)
Crops2
  • Sec 7.1 Britain and the United States were looking for a chemical to starve Germany and Japan into submission by killing their potato and rice crops, but 2,4-D was found to be ineffective for that purpose, because both crops tolerate it. (wikipedia.org)
  • GM Crops and Food 8(4):216-28. (academicjournals.org)
Level1
  • Dioxin was present at a level of about 2 ppm (mg/kg sample) in some of the samples of 2,4,5-T (called Agent Orange), but other samples contained more than 30 ppm of the by-product. (900.su)
Spray2
  • Q: When Should I spray my lawn with 2,4-D? (lawnweeds.com)
  • Spray 2,4-D at least 6 weeks after newly seeding or sodding your lawns to prevent retarding the grass. (lawnweeds.com)
Endocrine2
  • Biomarker correlations of urinary 2,4-D levels in foresters: genomic instability and endocrine disruption. (cdc.gov)
  • In a study with pigs, high levels of 2,4-D were also found in endocrine glands and in the excretory organs. (inchem.org)
Occur1
  • A partial binding of 2,4-D to plasma proteins may occur. (inchem.org)
Soil2
  • Q: How long does 2,4-D stay in the soil? (lawnweeds.com)
  • A: Most of the time, 2,4-D breaks down in soil so that half of the original amount is gone in 1-14 days. (lawnweeds.com)
Chemical1
Control1
  • Tank-mixing glyphosate with 2,4-D is a common practice to achieve excellent control of both grasses and dicots. (lawnweeds.com)
Growth2
  • The first scientific publication describing the 2,4-D structure and plant growth regulating activity was by Percy W. Zimmerman and Albert E. Hitchcock at the Boyce Thompson Institute, who were not the original inventors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The comparison of protein patterns after chemostatic growth on pyruvate and 2,4-DCPP facilitated the discovery of several proteins induced and repressed due to the substrate shifts. (elsevierpure.com)
Levels1
  • A phenomenon of declining plasma levels following repeated treatment with 2,4-D has also been observed in chickens and pigs and has been suggested as being indicative of the animal's developing an adaption to 2,4-D (Erne, 1966a). (inchem.org)
Review1
  • The Significance of 1, 2, 4 Triazoles in Agriculture Science: A Review. (imedpub.com)
Time1
  • A: The half-life of 2,4-D (the time it takes for half of the active ingredient to degrade) ranges from 12.9 to 40 days depending on water conditions. (lawnweeds.com)