• This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about hydrogen chloride. (cdc.gov)
  • People working in occupations in which hydrogen chloride is used have the highest risk of being exposed to this compound. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen chloride gas can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
  • What is hydrogen chloride? (cdc.gov)
  • At room temperature, hydrogen chloride is a colorless to slightly yellow, corrosive, nonflammable gas that is heavier than air and has a strong irritating odor. (cdc.gov)
  • On exposure to air, hydrogen chloride forms dense white corrosive vapors. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen chloride can be released from volcanoes. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen chloride can be formed during the burning of many plastics. (cdc.gov)
  • Both hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid are corrosive. (cdc.gov)
  • What happens to hydrogen chloride when it enters the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen chloride released to the atmosphere will be removed by rainfall. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen chloride dissociates readily in water to chloride and hydronium ions (an ion is an electrically charged atom or molecule), which ultimately lowers the pH of the water (makes it more acidic). (cdc.gov)
  • If released to soil, hydrogen chloride will evaporate from dry soil surfaces and dissociate into chloride anions and hydronium ions in moist soil. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen chloride does not accumulate in the food chain. (cdc.gov)
  • How might I be exposed to hydrogen chloride? (cdc.gov)
  • You may breathe in air that contains very low levels of hydrogen chloride gas. (cdc.gov)
  • Naturally-occurring (i.e., from volcanic eruptions) and other releases of hydrogen chloride are removed by rainfall, limiting the chances of exposure to high levels of this compound by breathing ambient air. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen chloride is used to produce other chemicals, or for applications such as a metal pickling, ore refining, food processing, manufacture of fertilizers and dyes, and in the rubber and textile industries. (cdc.gov)
  • Workers in these occupations may inhale hydrogen chloride or get it on their skin. (cdc.gov)
  • Soldering materials often contain hydrogen chloride and you may be exposed if you use these products during soldering. (cdc.gov)
  • How can hydrogen chloride affect my health? (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen chloride is irritating and corrosive to any tissue it contacts. (cdc.gov)
  • Some people may develop an inflammatory reaction to hydrogen chloride. (cdc.gov)
  • Depending on the concentration, hydrogen chloride can produce from mild irritation to severe burns of the eyes and skin. (cdc.gov)
  • We do not know if exposure to hydrogen chloride can result in reproductive effects. (cdc.gov)
  • How likely is hydrogen chloride to cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
  • The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the EPA have not classified hydrogen chloride as to its carcinogenicity. (cdc.gov)
  • How does hydrogen chloride affect children? (cdc.gov)
  • This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). (ilo.org)
  • in nature and in our body, it exists primarily as the chloride anion, the negatively charged ion that joins with cations such as sodium to make salt (sodium chloride) and with hydrogen to make stomach acid (hydrochloric acid). (healthy.net)
  • An ion formed when a chlorine molecule gains an electron (negatively charged particle) or when hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water. (yourgenome.org)
  • chapter from the Toxicological Profile for CHLORIDE WHEN IT ENTERS THE Methylene Chloride. (cdc.gov)
  • A shorter version, the Methylene chloride is mainly released to the ToxFAQsTM, is also available. (cdc.gov)
  • Many chemical waste sites, including NPL sites, depend on the dose, the duration, how you are contain methylene chloride and these might act as exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether additional sources of environmental contamination other chemicals are present. (cdc.gov)
  • Methylene chloride, also known as easily in water, small amounts may be found in dichloromethane, is a colorless liquid that has a some drinking water. (cdc.gov)
  • Methylene chloride that is mild sweet odor, evaporates easily, and does not present in water is broken down slowly by reactions burn easily. (cdc.gov)
  • It can be found in the methylene chloride in the environment changes certain aerosol and pesticide products and is used in to carbon dioxide (CO2), which is already present in the manufacture of photographic film. (cdc.gov)
  • It takes about 1 to 6 days for half the methylene chemical may be found in some spray paints, chloride to break down in water. (cdc.gov)
  • chloride is spilled on land, it attaches loosely to Methylene chloride does not appear to occur nearby surface soil particles. (cdc.gov)
  • We do not know how long it remains methylene chloride released to the environment in soil. (cdc.gov)
  • We do not expect methylene chloride to results from its use as an end product by various build up in plants or animals. (cdc.gov)
  • You may be exposed to methylene chloride in air, water, food, or from consumer products. (cdc.gov)
  • Background levels in air are because very little methylene chloride has been usually at less than one part methylene chloride per detected in these sources. (cdc.gov)
  • The average daily intake of methylene chloride from outdoor air in three U.S. (cdc.gov)
  • Methylene chloride may enter your body when you cities ranges from 33 to 309 micrograms per day (1 breathe vapors of contaminated air. (cdc.gov)
  • Since methylene chloride methylene chloride is another frequent source of evaporates into air rapidly, exposure by breathing is exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Methylene Chloride, Technical - This organic compound, also known as dichloromethane, has a light sweet aroma and is widely used as a solvent. (sciencelab.com)
  • Introduction video that covers best practices for working safely with Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride). (cdc.gov)
  • Details for: Methylene chloride. (who.int)
  • Reduction of methylene chloride and wood dust exposures at a kitchen cabinet manufacturer. (cdc.gov)
  • An employee's exposure to methylene chloride, which was a component of an adhesive spray used for the counter tops, exceeded the OSHA Action Level of 12.5 ppm, and approached the PEL of 25 ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, protect ive measures were not used by employees to prevent skin and eye contact with methylene chloride and other organic solvents. (cdc.gov)
  • Both OSHA and NIOSH consider methylene chloride to be a potential human carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
  • Concerned about the cost of compliance with OSHA's methylene chloride standard and the cost of purchasing an exhaust ventilation system, the company discontinued the use of adhesives containing methylene chloride and constructed their own downdraft table for use with the plunge router. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrate chloride compounds may be formed by mixing solutions of chloride and nitrate slats, the addition of nitric acid to a chloride salt solution, or the addition of hydrochloric acid to a nitrate solution. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 3 ] It mainly exists as sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid. (medscape.com)
  • Nitrate chlorides are mixed anion compounds that contain both nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−) ions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium chloride in water dissociates to provide sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl - ) ions. (nih.gov)
  • The presence of aggressive chloride ions in the electrolyte solution could cause increasing corrosion rates. (hindawi.com)
  • The objective of the present study was to analyze the behavioral responses of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum , elicited by stimulation with ammonium chloride at 100mM. (bvsalud.org)
  • This may suggest that the behavioral response threshold is higher than the physiological response threshold of the primary chemoreceptor neurons or that the ammonium chloride must be associated with other compounds or certain physical attributes in order to evoke an ethological reaction from the studied species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cetylpyridinium chloride ( CPC ) is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound used in some types of mouthwashes , toothpastes , lozenges , throat sprays, breath sprays, and nasal sprays . (wn.com)
  • Cetylpyridinium chloride may cause brown stains between the teeth and on the surface of teeth. (wn.com)
  • Objective: Evaluate the perceptions of patients about the effects of the use of mouthwash based on essential oils and alcohol -based and cetylpyridinium chloride. (bvsalud.org)
  • Also called ferric chloride , these compounds are some of the most important and commonplace compounds of iron. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regardless of whether or not animal studies suggest that the organophosphate poison to which a particular patient has been exposed is amenable to treatment with pralidoxime chloride, the use of pralidoxime chloride should, nevertheless, be considered in any life-threatening situation resulting from poisoning by these compounds, since the limited and arbitrary conditions of pharmacologic screening do not always accurately reflect the usefulness of pralidoxime chloride in the clinical situation. (nih.gov)
  • In one study of healthy adult volunteers and patients self-poisoned with organophosphate compounds, a single intramuscular injection of 1000 mg of pralidoxime chloride resulted in mean peak plasma levels of 7.5 ± 1.7 µg/mL and 9.9 ± 2.4 µg/mL, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Chloride is the predominant anion that exists in the extracellular space. (medscape.com)
  • Chloride is an extracellular fluid anion that plays an important role in maintaining normal acid-base balance and along with sodium maintains water balance and serum osmolality. (medscape.com)
  • Serum chloride is helpful in the assessment of normal or high anion gap metabolic acidosis and in making the differentiation between hypercalcemia secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism versus hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy (elevated vs low chloride respectively). (medscape.com)
  • This viscous yet spreadable 25% aluminum chloride gel quickly stops minor bleeding and sulcular fluid without the mess of a liquid or paste. (ultradent.com)
  • Its 25% aluminum chloride formulation ensures that both hard and soft tissues remain clean and free of staining. (ultradent.com)
  • Magnesium chloride is a water-soluble mineral salt that is thought to ease tired muscles and promote relaxation when applied to the skin. (lush.com)
  • Lush UK purchases magnesium chloride from a manufacturer in the Czech Republic. (lush.com)
  • What are the supposed benefits of magnesium chloride oil? (lush.com)
  • Over the past decades, a few studies and trials have suggested that magnesium chloride oil can penetrate the skin barrier and enter the bloodstream through topical (applied directly to an area of the skin) or transdermal (soaking in a magnesium-rich bath) applications. (lush.com)
  • It's similar to another conditioning ingredient, behentrimonium chloride with only the number of carbon atoms they contain being the main difference, which slightly changes the feel of the conditioner on the hair when you apply it. (lush.com)
  • 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP solution is sterile and nonpyrogenic. (nih.gov)
  • It is a parenteral solution containing sodium chloride in water for injection intended for intravenous administration. (nih.gov)
  • For 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, each 100 mL contains 900 mg sodium chloride in water for injection. (nih.gov)
  • Sodium Chloride Injection, USP should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention. (nih.gov)
  • The intravenous administration of Sodium Chloride Injection, USP can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. (nih.gov)
  • Available in the United States as PROTOPAM Chloride for Injection (PROTOPAM Chloride), pralidoxime chloride is frequently referred to as 2-PAM Chloride. (nih.gov)
  • PROTOPAM Chloride for intravenous injection or infusion is prepared by cryo-desiccation. (nih.gov)
  • Each vial contains 1000 mg of sterile pralidoxime chloride, and sodium hydroxide to adjust pH, to be reconstituted with 20 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP. (nih.gov)
  • this level is reached in about 16 minutes after a single injection of 600 mg pralidoxime chloride. (nih.gov)
  • Sodium Chloride 0.9% irrigation injection solution from Pfizer Injectables available in plastic SDV. (henryschein.com)
  • 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, isotonic solution of sodium chloride and water for injection. (who.int)
  • It is also not known whether sodium chloride injection containing additives can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. (who.int)
  • Sodium chloride injection containing additives should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. (who.int)
  • Mine waters with both dissolved chloride and sulphate salts can be severely corrosive and can limit the application of hardmetal tools in the mining industry. (hindawi.com)
  • Sodium Chloride, USP is chemically designated NaCl, a white crystalline powder freely soluble in water. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1 ] Chloride daily requirements for adults are 80-120 mEq/d as NaCL. (medscape.com)
  • Salt saturated solutions , such as sodium chloride (NaCl), zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and/or sodium iodide (NaI), are normally added to separate dense plastics from aquatic samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • A simple NaClO 2 -mediated oxidative chlorosulfonation of S-alkyl isothiourea salts enables a convenient, safe, and environmentally benign synthesis of diverse sulfonyl chlorides in high yields. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Structurally diverse sulfonyl chlorides were synthesized via N -chlorosuccinimide chlorosulfonation in good yields from S -alkylisothiourea salts, which can be easily prepared from readily accessible alkyl halides or mesylates and inexpensive thiourea. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Chloride is found in many chemicals and other substances in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Potassium Chloride is an inorganic salt. (ewg.org)
  • As one of the mineral electrolytes, chloride works closely with sodium and water to help the distribution of body fluids. (healthy.net)
  • Chloride travels primarily with sodium and water and helps generate the osmotic pressure of body fluids. (healthy.net)
  • Sixty-five to seventy percent of the total amount of filtered chloride is reabsorbed, which is close to the fractional reabsorption of sodium and water. (medscape.com)
  • Exposure to cyanogen chloride (CK) can be rapidly fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • 10. Forman, D., Bennett, B., Stafford, J. & Doll, R. (1985) Exposure to vinyl chloride and angiosarcoma of the liver: a report of the register of cases. (inchem.org)
  • 11. von Greiser, E., Reinl, W. & Weber, H. (1982) Vinyl chloride exposure and mortality of German chemical workers in comparison to mortality of non-exposed chemical workers and PVC workers (Ger. (inchem.org)
  • Dosages for chloride, as well as other nutrients, are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • What Are Dosages of Potassium Chloride? (rxlist.com)
  • Large amounts of chloride intake (more than 15 grams per day), usually in salt, may cause some problems with fluid retention and altered acid-base balance (although the main problem lies with the sodium). (healthy.net)
  • In these instances, a person can use potassium chloride as a supplement to increase their potassium intake. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The distribution and excretion of sodium (Na + ) and chloride (Cl - ) are largely under the control of the kidney which maintains a balance between intake and output. (nih.gov)
  • Pralidoxime chloride relieves muscarinic signs and symptoms, salivation, bronchospasm, etc., but this action is relatively unimportant since atropine is adequate for this purpose. (nih.gov)
  • Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a highly volatile and toxic chemical asphyxiant that interferes with the body's ability to use oxygen. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanogen chloride (CK) is a chemical warfare agent (military designation CK). (cdc.gov)
  • Chemical name: 2-formyl-1-methylpyridinium chloride oxime. (nih.gov)
  • Pralidoxime chloride also slows the process of "aging" of phosphorylated cholinesterase to a nonreactivatable form, and detoxifies certain organophosphates by direct chemical reaction. (nih.gov)
  • There total 174 articles about Phenylmercury(1+);chloride which guide to synthetic route it. (lookchem.com)
  • Solutions which provide combinations of hypotonic or isotonic concentrations of sodium chloride are suitable for parenteral maintenance or replacement of water and electrolyte requirements. (nih.gov)
  • Isotonic concentrations of sodium chloride are suitable for parenteral replacement of chloride losses that exceed or equal the sodium loss. (nih.gov)
  • Hypotonic concentrations of sodium chloride are suited for parenteral maintenance of water requirements when only small quantities of salt are desired. (nih.gov)
  • Chloride ion concentrations were measured using Mohr's Method to indirectly quantify added salt in bread samples from 80 professional bakeries in Casablanca, Morocco. (who.int)
  • Anhydrous iron(III) chloride evaporates at relatively mild temperatures to give the bitetrahedral dimer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Potassium chloride has mild interactions with at least 32 different drugs. (rxlist.com)
  • Cetrimonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt. (lush.com)
  • A clean and economic synthesis of alkanesulfonyl chlorides via bleach-mediated oxidative chlorosulfonation of S -alkyl isothiourea salts is simple, environment- and worker-friendly. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Chloride is needed to keep the proper balance of body fluids. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Various inhibitors including ouabain (a Na+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor), amiloride (a Na+ transport blocker), N-phenylanthranilic acid (a chloride transport inhibitor), bumetanide (an inhibitor of Na(+)-(K+)-Cl- cotransport process), and BaCl2 (a K+ channel blocker) were used on the mucosal and serosal sides of the tissue mounted in Ussing chambers to determine the involvement of the respective ion transport processes in the observed short-circuit current across the conjunctiva. (nih.gov)
  • This specification covers chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) pipes made in standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratios and pressure rated for water. (astm.org)
  • 1.1 This specification covers chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) pipe made in standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratios and pressure rated for water (see Appendix). (astm.org)
  • It is eliminated through the kidneys, which can also retain chloride as part of their finely controlled regulation of acid-base balance. (healthy.net)
  • People with chronic kidney disease should also avoid taking potassium chloride, as their kidneys might be unable to expel excess potassium from the blood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chloride is also needed to maintain the body's acid-base balance. (healthy.net)
  • Chloride deficiency can arise from diarrhea, vomiting, or sweating. (healthy.net)
  • In the present study, an efficient hydrosilylation reaction of allyl chloride with trichlorosilane is achieved using the Rh(I) catalyst [RhCl(dppbz F )] 2 (dppbz F = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene) to selectively form trichloro(3-chloropropyl)silane. (nature.com)
  • Thus, 1 is now industrially synthesised on the order of several thousand tons per year via a simple hydrosilylation reaction, i.e. the reaction of allyl chloride with HSiCl 3 catalysed by conventional Pt catalysts, such as Speier's catalyst 14 or Karstedt's catalyst 15 (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
  • thus, the oxidative addition of two substrates, hydrosilane and allyl chloride, proceeds competitively during the hydrosilylation reaction. (nature.com)
  • The reaction of phenylmercury (II) chloride with acetophenonethiosemicarbazone (Hatsc) in ethanol in 1: 1 mole ratio undergoes symmetrisation forming the products, HgCl2 (Hatse) 2 and Ph2Hg instead of the anticipated compound PhHgCl (Hatse). (lookchem.com)
  • A new method for the determination of chloride ion is based on the formation of phenylmercury(II) chloride, its extraction into chloroform and reaction with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate to form phenylmercury(II) diethyldithiocarbamate. (lookchem.com)
  • the reaction is tolerant of a wide variety of acyl chlorides and terminal alkynes and provides a convenient one-pot route to acetylenic ketones. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Intravenous solutions containing sodium chloride are indicated for parenteral replenishment of fluid and sodium chloride as required by the clinical condition of the patient. (nih.gov)
  • Some evidence suggests that a loading dose followed by continuous intravenous infusion of pralidoxime chloride may maintain therapeutic levels longer than short intermittent infusion therapy. (nih.gov)
  • The symposium on Chloride Corrosion of Steel in Concrete was presented at the Seventy-ninth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Chicago, Ill., 27 June-2 July 1976. (astm.org)
  • A series of WC-Co-Ru alloys was evaluated in different chloride containing media to investigate their corrosion resistance. (hindawi.com)
  • Chloride is so readily available in our normal high-salt food supply that there is no RDA. (healthy.net)
  • Phenacyl chloride is readily available and was first prepared by chlorination of acetophenone vapour. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although computer models for predicting the service life of reinforced concrete exposed to chlorides (e.g., road salts) have been developed and upgraded during the past 15 years, there are many real-world considerations that complicate accurate and representative modeling of field structures. (nist.gov)
  • In one, a combination of oral administration of ethanol and inhalation of vinyl chloride resulted in more liver tumours (including angiosarcomas) than after treatment with vinyl chloride alone [ref: 40]. (inchem.org)
  • Cyanogen chloride (CK) can affect the body by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or eye contact. (cdc.gov)
  • Vinyl chloride administered orally or by inhalation to mice, rats and hamsters produced tumours in the mammary gland, lung, Zymbal gland and skin and angiosarcomas of the liver [ref: 1]. (inchem.org)
  • The chloride is preferred because of physiologic compatibility, excellent water solubility at all temperatures, and high potency per gram, due to its low molecular weight. (nih.gov)
  • Chloride is obtained primarily from salt, such as standard table salt or sea salt. (healthy.net)
  • Potassium chloride (KCl) is also found in foods or as the "salt substitute. (healthy.net)
  • Chloride is commonly used as sodium chloride, such as in salt tablets, to help replace the sodium and chloride lost in perspiration on hot days or with exercise. (healthy.net)
  • Chloride is found in table salt or sea salt as sodium chloride. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Potassium chloride is a common salt substitute. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most Americans probably get more chloride than they need from table salt and the salt in prepared foods. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Oxoid Sodium Chloride Bacteriological is a dehydrated salt suitable for inclusion in bacteriological culture media. (thermofisher.com)
  • Less than 15 percent of the body chloride is found inside the cells, with the highest amounts within the red blood cells. (healthy.net)
  • Heavy sweating can cause the loss of large amounts of sodium chloride, as well as some potassium. (healthy.net)