IodideSodiumAmmoniumBenzalkonium ChlorideFluoridePotassium chlorideSulfateIonsLithiumChlorineCalciumContaminantsOccursCopperParalyzesExposureToxicAcidTestChemicalDrugVecuronium bromideIpratropium bromideMethylene-chlorideIodideMagnesiumTiotropium BromideTetrabutylammonium bromideBenzethonium chlorideSilver chlorideBenzylVinyl halideCarcinogenicityOxidationHumansInhalationCompoundsFluorescentEstersRatsAssayReaction
Iodide4
- abstract = "A new method has been developed to allow the determination of the halide anions chloride, bromide and iodide using isotachophoresis. (manchester.ac.uk)
- A leading electrolyte incorporating 3.5 mmol dm-3 of indium(III) allowed the simultaneous determination of chloride, bromide and iodide to be successfully achieved. (manchester.ac.uk)
- 1.7 mg dm-3 and 2.2 mg dm-3 for chloride, bromide and iodide respectively. (manchester.ac.uk)
- In practice, it is quite difficult to distinguish between the colours of the silver bromide and iodide precipitates. (chemguide.co.uk)
Sodium13
- cells, experimental methods, apparatus, batteries, fuel cells and industrial applications of electrolysis Full descriptions of the apparatus and detailed explanations are provided for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution (brine) with carbon electrodes. (docbrown.info)
- The electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (often referred to as 'brine' solution) is described in terms of apparatus and products formed. (docbrown.info)
- What are the products of the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution (brine)? (docbrown.info)
- The simple apparatus illustrated on the right can be used in simple school or college experiments for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution (often referred to as 'brine' in the chemical industry). (docbrown.info)
- The graphite (carbon) electrodes are, through a large rubber bung, 'upwardly' dipped into an solution of the sodium chloride solution (the electrolyte). (docbrown.info)
- You have to fill the little test tubes with the electrolyte (sodium chloride solution), hold the liquid in with your finger and carefully invert them over the nearly full electrolysis cell. (docbrown.info)
- The Hofmann voltammeter is filled with the electrolyte (aqueous sodium chloride solution) by opening the taps at the top of the outer tubes to allow any gas to escape. (docbrown.info)
- The electrolysis will only take place when electricity is passed through the sodium chloride solution. (docbrown.info)
- The electrolyte sodium chloride solution (brine), provides a high concentration of sodium ions Na + and chloride ions Cl to carry the current during the electrolysis process. (docbrown.info)
- Brine is moderately concentrated sodium chloride solution (brine) with carbon (graphite) gives equal volumes of hydrogen gas (hydrogen ions H + discharged at the ve cathode) and green chlorine gas (chloride ions Cl discharged at the +ve anode) with sodium hydroxide left in solution. (docbrown.info)
- The current study assesses the halogen ions effect on the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) using different dosage of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium bromide (NaBr). (biomedcentral.com)
- The first drug is an anesthetic (sodium thiopental), followed by a paralytic agent (pancuronium bromide), and, finally, a drug that causes the heart to stop beating (potassium chloride). (hrw.org)
- Food-grade salt shall not contain less than 97% sodium chloride on a dry matter basis, exclusive of food additives. (who.int)
Ammonium1
- Quaternary ammonium compounds or cationic detergents are synthetic derivatives of ammonium chloride (Arena et al. (inchem.org)
Benzalkonium Chloride2
- Benzalkonium chloride occurs as a white or yellowish white amorphous powder, a thick gel, or gelatinous flakes. (inchem.org)
- Aqueous solutions of benzalkonium chloride foam when shaken, have a low surface tension and possess detergent and emulsifying properties (Wade & Weller, 1994). (inchem.org)
Fluoride1
- Health effects associated with sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation workers. (cdc.gov)
Potassium chloride1
- and potassium chloride, which stops the heart. (dailyadvocate.com)
Sulfate3
- Just adding the barium nitrate or chloride solution isn't enough to be sure that you have a sulfate present. (chemguide.co.uk)
- Animation showing the use of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate and anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride to test for the presence (although not the purity) of water. (chemguide.co.uk)
- In the discharge and downstream water, researchers found high levels of chloride, sulfate and bromide. (livescience.com)
Ions1
- Therefore, this study unveils the role of chloride ions as an effective medium for BPA degradation by ZnO NPs, without aggregation, and provides a novel platform for the treatment of organic pollutants in saline water. (biomedcentral.com)
Lithium1
- This report covers primarily lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, with additional data on lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium metal, and organolithium compounds such as butyllithium, and lithium hypochlorite. (spglobal.com)
Chlorine1
- The high bromide concentrations that were found were particularly concerning, since bromide can react with chlorine and ozone - which is used to disinfect river water and produce drinking water - to yield highly toxic byproducts. (livescience.com)
Calcium2
Contaminants1
- Several of these contaminants, particularly radium and bromide, may be present in high enough concentrations to cause harm to human health and the environment, but that wasn't addressed in this study, Vengosh said. (livescience.com)
Occurs1
- Methyl bromide poisoning primarily occurs after inhalational exposure, but concurrent dermal exposure might also occur. (cdc.gov)
Copper3
- Copper chloride is a white solid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Copper(II) chloride may be prepared by dissolving excess of copper (II) oxide or copper(II) carbonate in dilute hydrochloric acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Copper chloride may be used as a catalyst in organic chlorination reactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Paralyzes1
- Vecuronium bromide paralyzes the prisoner's breathing. (crisismagazine.com)
Exposure2
- however, detection of elevated bromide levels in serum (reference level: 50-100 mg/L) might indicate that an exposure has occurred. (cdc.gov)
- A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for methyl bromide exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
Toxic1
- Detection of bromide below toxic levels does not rule out methyl bromide poisoning. (cdc.gov)
Acid2
- You could equally well use dilute hydrochloric acid followed by barium chloride solution. (chemguide.co.uk)
- Testing by adding dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution to a solution of the chloride. (chemguide.co.uk)
Test1
- La positivité de la PCR augmentait de façon significa- tive avec l'augmentation des taux de séropositivité d'après le test classique d'agglutination en tube et s'élevait à 100 % chez les patients dont les hémocultures étaient positives. (who.int)
Chemical1
- Fluorescent chloride sensors are used for chemical analysis. (wikipedia.org)
Drug1
- Vecuronium bromide is a drug that relaxes skeletal muscles and can be used in conjunction with surgical anesthesia. (crisismagazine.com)
Vecuronium bromide3
- The second, vecuronium bromide, paralyses their lungs. (newint.org)
- As for Arkansas, it obtained its supply of vecuronium bromide from drug company McKesson, which has filed a lawsuit alleging the State obtained it by deception. (newint.org)
- Officials then injected him with vecuronium bromide and potassium chloride, according to the letter. (latimes.com)
Ipratropium bromide30
- Ipratropium bromide is a white crystalline substance, freely soluble in water and lower alcohols. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium Bromide Inhalation Solution is administered by oral inhalation with the aid of a nebulizer. (nih.gov)
- It contains ipratropium bromide, USP 0.02% (anhydrous basis) in a sterile, preservative-free, isotonic saline solution, pH-adjusted to 3.4 (3 to 4) with hydrochloric acid. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) agent that, based on animal studies, appears to inhibit vagally mediated reflexes by antagonizing the action of acetylcholine, the transmitter agent released from the vagus nerve. (nih.gov)
- The bronchodilation following inhalation of ipratropium bromide is primarily a local, site-specific effect, not a systemic one. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium bromide is minimally (0 to 9% in vitro ) bound to plasma albumin and a 1 -acid glycoproteins. (nih.gov)
- Autoradiographic studies in rats have shown that ipratropium bromide does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium bromide has not been studied in patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency. (nih.gov)
- Continued effectiveness of ipratropium bromide inhalation solution was demonstrated throughout the 12-week period. (nih.gov)
- However, ipratropium bromide did not consistently produce significant improvement in subjective symptom scores nor in quality of life scores over the 12-week duration of study. (nih.gov)
- Additional controlled 12-week studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ipratropium bromide inhalation solution administered concomitantly with the beta adrenergic bronchodilator solutions metaproterenol and albuterol compared with the administration of each of the beta agonists alone. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium Bromide Inhalation Solution administered either alone or with other bronchodilators, especially beta adrenergics, is indicated as a bronchodilator for maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. (nih.gov)
- The active ingredient in Ipratropium Bromide Nasal Solution is ipratropium bromide, USP (as the monohydrate). (nih.gov)
- H 2 O ipratropium bromide, USP Mol. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium bromide, USP is a white or almost white crystalline substance, freely soluble in methanol, soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in non-polar media. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium Bromide Nasal Solution 0.06% is a metered-dose, manual pump spray unit which delivers 42 mcg ipratropium bromide, USP (on an anhydrous basis) per spray (70 μL) in an isotonic, aqueous solution with pH-adjusted to 4.7. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) agent which, based on animal studies, appears to inhibit vagally-mediated reflexes by antagonizing the action of acetylcholine, the transmitter agent released at the neuromuscular junctions in the lung. (nih.gov)
- In humans, ipratropium bromide has anti-secretory properties and, when applied locally, inhibits secretions from the serous and seromucous glands lining the nasal mucosa. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium bromide is a quaternary amine that minimally crosses the nasal and gastrointestinal membranes and the blood-brain barrier, resulting in a reduction of the systemic anticholinergic effects (e.g., neurologic, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal effects) that are seen with tertiary anticholinergic amines. (nih.gov)
- Ipratropium bromide is partially metabolized to ester hydrolysis products, tropic acid, and tropane. (nih.gov)
- After intravenous administration of 2 mg ipratropium bromide to 10 healthy volunteers, the terminal half-life of ipratropium bromide was approximately 1.6 hours. (nih.gov)
- Gender does not appear to influence the absorption or excretion of nasally administered ipratropium bromide. (nih.gov)
- Combivent Respimat (ipratropium bromide and albuterol) Inhalation Spray is a combination of an anticholinergic bronchodilator and a selective beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator that open airways in the lungs to help patients with COPD breathe better indicated for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (rxlist.com)
- Combivent Respimat contains ipratropium bromide and albuterol. (rxlist.com)
- The Combivent Respimat inhaler delivers 20 mcg of ipratropium bromide (monohydrate) and 100 mcg albuterol (equivalent to 120 mcg albuterol sulfate ) from the mouthpiece. (rxlist.com)
- COMBIVENT RESPIMAT is a combination of ipratropium bromide (as the monohydrate) and albuterol sulfate. (rxlist.com)
- Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic bronchodilator chemically described as 8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1] octane, 3-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phenylpropoxy)-8-methyl8-(1-methylethyl)-, bromide monohydrate, (3-endo, 8-syn)-: a synthetic quaternary ammonium compound chemically related to atropine . (rxlist.com)
- Ipratropium bromide is a white to off-white crystalline substance, freely soluble in water and methanol, sparingly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in lipophilic solvents such as ether, chloroform , and fluorocarbons. (rxlist.com)
- The drug product, COMBIVENT RESPIMAT, is composed of a sterile, aqueous solution of ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate filled into a 4.5 mL plastic container crimped into an aluminum cylinder (COMBIVENT RESPIMAT cartridge) for use with the COMBIVENT RESPIMAT inhaler. (rxlist.com)
- Although, nothing much is helping mine now, excect for my Nebulizer breathing treatments.of Albuterol plus Ipratropium bromide plus sodium chloride. (cancer.org)
Methylene-chloride1
- CO is also found in mining explosions, methylene bromide, methylene chloride, and anesthetic absorbents. (medscape.com)
Iodide3
- So for the first three ions, we're dealing with chloride ions, bromide ion and iodide ion. (pearson.com)
- All right, so we're gonna say for chloride ions, bromide ions and iodide ions, they're all basically the same thing to a solution. (pearson.com)
- We're gonna get silver bromide and silver iodide. (pearson.com)
Magnesium3
- Benzyl chloride also reacts readily with metallic magnesium to produce a Grignard reagent . (wikipedia.org)
- [6] It is preferable over benzyl bromide for the preparation of this reagent, since the reaction of the bromide with magnesium tends to form the Wurtz coupling product 1,2-diphenylethane . (wikipedia.org)
- Preliminary results show the presence of cations like magnesium, sodium, and potassium, and anions like chloride. (planetary.org)
Tiotropium Bromide1
- Tiotropium bromide (tiotropium) is a novel anticholinergic agent with a long duration of action and kinetic selectivity for M1- and M3-subtypes of muscarinic receptors. (nih.gov)
Tetrabutylammonium bromide1
- In this study, we used anion supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) prepared from a mixture of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), as the extraction solvent in liquid phase microextraction (LPME) of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ). (mdpi.com)
Benzethonium chloride2
- The current study utilized a modified time-kill design to evaluate the activity of three over-the-counter topical wound care products (benzethonium chloride/essential oils, neomycin/polymyxin B and polymyxin B/gramicidin) against four unique isolates (three USA 300 and one USA 400). (nih.gov)
- At 10 min, the reduction (mean +/- SD) in log(10) cfu/mL for all strains was 2.87 +/- 1.22, 1.86 +/- 0.76 and 0.143 +/- 0.82 for benzethonium chloride/essential oils, neomycin/polymyxin B and polymyxin B/gramicidin, respectively. (nih.gov)
Silver chloride5
- A printing paper with a silver chloride emulsion. (swpp.co.uk)
- So we're gonna get silver chloride here. (pearson.com)
- Silver chloride will be seen as a white precipitate. (pearson.com)
- It's gonna be close toe white precipitate like silver chloride, but it's gonna be more of a creamy white precipitated if it's gonna look slightly different. (pearson.com)
- So silver chloride is a pale white silver Brahman is a creamy white. (pearson.com)
Benzyl9
- Benzyl chloride , or α-chlorotoluene , is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl. (wikipedia.org)
- Benzyl chloride was first prepared from treatment of benzyl alcohol with hydrochloric acid . (wikipedia.org)
- Industrially, benzyl chloride is the precursor to benzyl esters, which are used as plasticizers , flavorants, and perfumes . (wikipedia.org)
- Phenylacetic acid , a precursor to pharmaceuticals, is produced from benzyl cyanide , which in turn is generated by treatment of benzyl chloride with sodium cyanide . (wikipedia.org)
- Benzyl ethers are often derived from benzyl chloride. (wikipedia.org)
- Benzyl chloride reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give dibenzyl ether . (wikipedia.org)
- In organic synthesis , benzyl chloride is used to introduce the benzyl protecting group in reaction with alcohols , yielding the corresponding benzyl ether, carboxylic acids , and benzyl ester. (wikipedia.org)
- Benzyl chloride may be used in the synthesis of amphetamine-class drugs, and for this reason, sales of benzyl chloride are monitored as a List II drug precursor chemical by the US Drug Enforcement Administration . (wikipedia.org)
- Benzyl chloride is an alkylating agent . (wikipedia.org)
Vinyl halide2
- The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) jointly recommend that vinyl bromide and vinylidene chloride be considered in the workplace as potential carcinogens to humans and controlled with the same degree of prudence as vinyl chloride, another vinyl halide currently regulated as a carcinogen by OSHA. (cdc.gov)
- Vinyl chloride is the only vinyl halide for which an OSHA exposure standard currently exists. (cdc.gov)
Carcinogenicity2
- At this time, adequate carcinogenicity studies of vinyl bromide and vinylidene chloride have been conducted only in laboratory animals. (cdc.gov)
- In light of the recent laboratory animal studies demonstrating carcinogenicity of vinyl bromide and vinylidene chloride, NIOSH and OSHA have jointly prepared this Current Intelligence Bulletin. (cdc.gov)
Oxidation1
- The oxidation to permanganate for either Mn(II) or Mn(IV) involves the production of acid, and in acidic solution permanganate will oxidise chloride (which is present from the hypochlorite being reduced) to Cl2. (sciencemadness.org)
Humans1
- Vinyl chloride is known to cause angiosarcoma of the liver and cancers of other sites in laboratory animals and in humans. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation1
- Laboratory studies have demonstrated that exposure by inhalation to vinyl chloride, 1-2 vinyl bromide, 3 and vinylidene chloride 1 , 4 all caused angiosarcoma of the liver and other cancers in animals. (cdc.gov)
Compounds1
- Bahrami has been experimenting with compounds like lithium-bromide and lithium-chloride. (biv.com)
Fluorescent2
- Fluorescent chloride sensors are used for chemical analysis. (wikipedia.org)
- The discoveries of chloride (Cl−) participations in physiological processes stimulates the measurements of intracellular Cl− in live cells and the development of fluorescent tools referred below. (wikipedia.org)
Esters1
Rats2
- Angiosarcoma of the liver was induced in rats exposed to 25 ppm vinyl chloride, in rats exposed to 50 ppm vinyl bromide, and in mice exposed to 55 ppm vinylidene chloride. (cdc.gov)
- Vinyl bromide (VB) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of tumor induction at multiple organ sites in rats. (nih.gov)
Assay1
- 12-14 Vinyl chloride also has been shown to be mutagenic in the yeast mutation assay, 11 in the Drosophila recessive lethal test, 15-16 and in the host-mediated assay. (cdc.gov)
Reaction1
- [5] Side products of the reaction include benzal chloride and benzotrichloride . (wikipedia.org)