• Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of both bacterial sexually transmitted infection and infection-derived blindness world-wide. (plos.org)
  • [ 10 ] Rectal lesions from mpox infection may predispose patients to C trachomatis infection and LGV. (medscape.com)
  • [ 17 , 18 ] Although azithromycin is effective against other chlamydial strains and may prove to be effective against infection with LGV serovars, no controlled treatment trials support the use of azithromycin treatment for LGV. (medscape.com)
  • David Mabey became interested in trachoma, caused by ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis , and in genital C. trachomatis infection, while working in the Gambia. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • Most of his field work has been done in The Gambia and Tanzania and, in addition to clinical and epidemiological studies, he has been involved in research on the pathogenesis of and immune response to C. trachomatis infection. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • There was no serologic evidence of coexisting Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or respiratory viral infection in 96% of patients with asthmatic bronchitis and asthma. (nih.gov)
  • another type of conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis , is not due to a genital chlamydial infection. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Infection with genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Sweden. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The concern of the study is whether a Chlamydia infection at inclusion indicates an increased risk for Chlamydia at follow-up after 6-8 months, gender-specific risk factors for and clinical presentation of repeat infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The collected data will provide gender-specific information on the occurrence of and risk for repeat Chlamydia infection, the occurrence of nvCT, and clinical data and information on sexual behaviour and reproductive health, risk-taking and condom use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common notifiable sexually transmissible infection in Sweden, and included in the Act of Communicable Diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, one previous episode of Chlamydia has been found to be a risk factor for a recurrent or new infection, often within a year, and for both sexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in the rectum and pharynx are important extragenital reservoirs of infection. (escholarship.org)
  • One of the key areas of chlamydia research is the role of the immune system in the infection process. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that certain genetic variations in the immune system can make individuals more susceptible to chlamydia infection. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • In addition, research has revealed that the immune response to chlamydia infection can vary significantly between individuals. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • In addition, research has shown that chlamydia infection can increase the risk of acquiring and transmitting other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • One of the most significant findings related to chlamydia research is the impact of the infection on reproductive health. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • Studies have shown that certain sexual practices, such as having multiple sexual partners and not using condoms, can increase the risk of chlamydia infection. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • shown that individuals who engage in oral sex may also be at risk of chlamydia infection, particularly if they do not use barrier protection such as dental dams. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • Another example is the first complete analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis isolates associated with ocular infection in Australia. (edu.au)
  • C trachomatis infection causes other diseases as well, including conjunctivitis, pneumonia or pneumonitis, afebrile pneumonia syndrome (in infants born vaginally to infected mothers), Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, and trachoma (the world's leading cause of acquired blindness). (medscape.com)
  • The US Preventive Services Task Force Screening has released a recommendation statement for chlamydial infections, in which routine Chlamydia screening of sexually active young women is recommended to prevent consequences of untreated chlamydial infection (eg, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain). (medscape.com)
  • Infection with L 1 , L 2 , or L 3 serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis may result in a disease characterized by genital lesions, suppurative regional lymphadenopathy, or hemorrhagic proctitis. (cdc.gov)
  • There are four species of bacteria that can cause infection - the most common of which is C. trachomatis . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As a result, most individuals with chlamydia are unaware they have it, so the infection often goes untreated. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chlamydial shedding is a symptom of C. trachomatis infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Vaccination would be the best way to way to prevent a chlamydia infection, and this study has identified important new antigens which could be used as part of a vaccine to prevent or eliminate the damaging reproductive consequences of untreated infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What is more, they suggest BD584 has the potential to protect against all strains of C. trachomatis , including those that cause trachoma - a type of eye infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain strains of Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria. (ciphi.org)
  • When compared to previous years, 2019 infection rates increased among people of all genders, all races and ethnicities, and in every region of the U.S. Most cases of chlamydia are asymptomatic, which means there are no signs or symptoms of an infection. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Young women in this age group are targeted for chlamydia screenings, and the rate of infection among those who are tested is high. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Antibiotics can also cure chlamydia in infants, who can get the infection from their mothers, and treatment is essential for them. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • In many cases, chlamydia symptoms do not show up at all, making it possible for the infection to lie dormant in the body and cause long-term side effects when not treated. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Chlamydia is a bacterial infection. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Some types of this bacteria cause the genital infection chlamydia. (diseasesdic.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause ocular and genital infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. (europa.eu)
  • However, the same bacteria that cause genital Chlamydia does not cause LGV. (diseasesdic.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that exhibits stage-specific gene transcription throughout a biphasic developmental cycle. (plos.org)
  • Acquisition and synthesis of folates by obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Chlamydia. (jci.org)
  • Chlamydiae are small gram-negative obligate intracellular microorganisms that preferentially infect squamocolumnar epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • OBJECTIVE--To study the clinical characteristics of respiratory tract illness caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. (nih.gov)
  • They include the genera Chlamydia (of which the type species is Chlamydia trachomatis ) and Chlamydophila (eg, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila psittaci ). (medscape.com)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae infects the brain and is tied to late-onset dementia. (tipsfeed.com)
  • In vitro activities of BMS-284756 against Chlamydia trachomatis and recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae. (suny.edu)
  • Malay S, Roblin PM, Reznik T, Kutlin A, Hammerschlag MR. In vitro activities of BMS-284756 against Chlamydia trachomatis and recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae. (suny.edu)
  • The in vitro activities of BMS-284756 (a novel des-fluoroquinolone), levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and clarithromycin were tested against 5 strains of Chlamydia trachomatis and 20 isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae. (suny.edu)
  • The MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited and the minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of the isolates were killed by BMS-284756 for all isolates of C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis was 0.015 microg/ml (range, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml). (suny.edu)
  • In vitro activity of garenoxacin against recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae. (suny.edu)
  • In vitro activity of nemonoxacin, a novel nonfluorinated quinolone antibiotic, against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (suny.edu)
  • In-vitro activity of gatifloxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (suny.edu)
  • In vitro activities of gemifloxacin (SB 265805, LB20304) against recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae. (suny.edu)
  • Chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and other organisms including Mycobacteria pneumoniae. (medscape.co.uk)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae and, in recent studies, Chlamydia trachomatis , may not only induce asthma exacerbations but may also be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma. (medscape.com)
  • 5) Septicemia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Bacteroides species including B. fragilis. (wikidoc.org)
  • The ability of all three strains to carry out de novo folate synthesis was demonstrated by following the incorporation of exogenous [3H]pABA into intracellular folates and by detecting dihydropteroate synthase activity in reticulate body crude extract. (jci.org)
  • Liang P, Rosas-Lemus M, Patel D, Fang X, Tuz K, Juárez O (2017) Dynamic Energy Dependency of Chlamydia trachomatis on Host Cell Metabolism during Different Stages of Intracellular Growth: Possible role of Sodium -based energetics in Chlamydial ATP generation. (iit.edu)
  • Chlamydiae have a unique biphasic life cycle that is adaptable to both intracellular and extracellular environments. (medscape.com)
  • A better understanding of C. trachomatis basic biology is important to eventually develop new ways to combat infections caused by these bacteria. (europa.eu)
  • Chlamydia is the most common STI caused by bacteria. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Chlamydia is an STI caused by a specific strain of bacteria known as Chlamydia trachomatis . (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and certain other micro-organisms. (medscape.co.uk)
  • Dalacin C is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by clindamycin-sensitive microorganisms, such as susceptible anaerobic bacteria, susceptible strains of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria such as streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci, and susceptible strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. (bgpharmadrugs.com)
  • The first bacteria sequenced using next-generation technologies included very few that cause sexually transmitted infections (STI) like Chlamydia trachomatis , Treponema pallidum , and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) . (cdc.gov)
  • Those guidelines highlighted the prevalence and morbidity of chlamydial infections and stressed the need to include antibiotics effective against chlamydia when treating patients for urethritis, mucopurulent cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Because chlamydial infections are common among adolescents and young adults throughout the United States, health-care providers and other agencies serving these groups should become more involved if a sufficiently large proportion of the chlamydia-infected population is to be reached. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, the plasmid can be successfully transformed into chlamydia without a chlamydial origin of replication and can exist in multiple states within a transformed population. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Therefore, when MEFOXIN is used in the treatment of patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and C. trachomatis is one of the suspected pathogens, appropriate anti-chlamydial coverage should be added. (rxlist.com)
  • To study the function of known effectors, we focused on the C. trachomatis Inc proteins, an important group of potential chlamydial virulence factors. (europa.eu)
  • On infecting the mice with Chlamydia muridarum - a species of C. trachomatis - they found the antigen reduced chlamydial shedding by 95 percent . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • CtGEM typing was developed to subdivide the bacterial species Chlamydia trachomatis on the basis of genome phylogeny and anatomical tropism. (edu.au)
  • To screen for novel T3S effectors of C. trachomatis, we used Yersinia enterocolitica as a genetically tractable surrogate bacterial species assembling a T3S apparatus, which has been shown to recognise heterologous T3S substrates. (europa.eu)
  • Our lab conducts biomedical research directed to establish the metabolic strategies and host- pathogen relationship in bacterial pathogenic species, such as Chlamydia trachomatis , the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the world, and Vibrio cholerae , which produces severe gastrointestinal disease to millions of people in developing countries. (iit.edu)
  • strain C1, source of the first bacterial hemoglobin Microbiol Resour Announc. (iit.edu)
  • Bacterial STDs like gonorrhea and chlamydia can affect your reproductive health and increase the risk of contracting HIV. (tipsfeed.com)
  • The first main objective is to generate a vaccine that protects against the bacterial strains causing ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infections. (ssi.dk)
  • Inclusivity was performed against 12 serovars of C. trachomatis and seven strains of N. gonorrhoeae. (escholarship.org)
  • C trachomatis can be differentiated into 18 serovars (serologically variant strains) on the basis of monoclonal antibody-based typing assays. (medscape.com)
  • Plasmid transformation requires a replicon derived from the native Chlamydia plasmid, and these transformations are species-specific. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Enterococcus faecalis [formerly Streptococcus faecalis]), Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinaseproducing strains), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Haemophilus influenzae , and Bacteroides species . (rxlist.com)
  • Chlamydia Three species of Chlamydia cause human disease, including sexually transmitted infections and respiratory infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Susceptible strains of Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis and other organisms. (medscape.co.uk)
  • Analytical Evaluation of the Abbott RealTime CT/NG Assay for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Rectal and Pharyngeal Swabs. (escholarship.org)
  • Nishijima et al and transmission of antimicrobial resistance in strains data sets identified through literature review and of- of Neisseria gonorrhoeae , with documented transmis- ficial data reported by governments, all of which were sion of multidrug-resistant strains within the Region, ful y anonymized ( Supplementary information file ). (who.int)
  • MEFOXIN is indicated for the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the diseases listed below. (rxlist.com)
  • Susceptible strains of gonococci, staphylococci and Haemophilus influenzae. (medscape.co.uk)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis including uncomplicated urethral, endocervical or rectal infections. (medscape.co.uk)
  • 6) Bone and joint infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains). (wikidoc.org)
  • 7) Skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci (excluding enterococci e.g. (wikidoc.org)
  • Phil Giffard is involved in a number of projects addressing the diversity and genetic analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus complex, Streptococcus pyogenes , and Chlamydia trachomatis . (edu.au)
  • One, rg1, is within a hypothetical gene annotated as Jali-1891 within the C. trachomatis B_Jali20 genome. (edu.au)
  • Using whole genome sequencing, the researchers show that the exchange of DNA between different strains of Chlamydia to form new strains is much more common than expected. (bmj.com)
  • Then, we selected 48 genes that may encode uncharacterised effectors (e. g. no detectable amino acid identity to other proteins or with a particular putative biochemical activity) from the genome of C. trachomatis strain L2/434/Bu. (europa.eu)
  • We collected draft genome sequence data and associated metadata data on 76 N. gonorrhoeae strains from around the globe and searched for known determinants of antibiotics resistance within the strains. (peerj.com)
  • At present, the only ways to reduce the risk of chlamydia are to use a condom during sexual intercourse or to avoid sexual contact completely. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • NATtrol™ Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) Positive Control contains intact organisms and should be run in a manner identical to that used for clinical specimens. (gentaur.shop)
  • Each NATtrol™ CT Positive Control Pack contains 6 x 1.25 mL vials of NATtrolTM Chlamydia trachomatis formulated in a Purified Protein Matrix that is fully commutable with true clinical specimens. (gentaur.shop)
  • The CT Positive Controls contain Chlamydia trachomatis cells inactivated by ZeptoMetrix's patented NATtrol™ process formulated in a proprietary Purified Protein Matrix that mimics the composition of a true clinical specimen. (gentaur.shop)
  • Current clinical tests only give a positive or negative result and can not identify different strains. (bmj.com)
  • In clinical practice those found to be chlamydia positive after treatment were assumed to have been re-infected but this may not be the case. (bmj.com)
  • The limit of detection was performed using known concentrations of organisms, elementary bodies per milliliter (EB/mL) for C. trachomatis and colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) for N. gonorrhoeae, in clinical rectal and pharyngeal swab matrices. (escholarship.org)
  • Azithromycin The main treatment for chlamydia is one gram of azithromycin , taken one time, says , deputy director of clinical services for public health with the Seattle and King County HIV and STD Program in Washington. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • The program in CVR currently has two TB vaccines in late stage clinical testing and different liposomal adjuvant formulations and a novel Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine in phase 1 trials. (ssi.dk)
  • Chlamydia infects columnar epithelial cells, which places the adolescent female at particular risk because of the presence of the squamocolumnar junction on the ectocervix until early adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • We first confirmed that known T3S substrates (IncA and IncC effectors) of C. trachomatis possess a T3S signal within their first 20 amino acids, which is recognised by the Y. enterocolitica T3SS as efficiently as a Yersinia endogenous T3S substrate. (europa.eu)
  • With a WGS file upload and a few clicks of a mouse, public health scientists are minutes away from an easy-to-read report that summarizes information about the isolates in question, including sequence type and genetic mutations associated with reduced antibiotic susceptibility - the information they need to monitor locally circulating strains and to detect emerging resistant gonorrhea and potential transmission clusters. (cdc.gov)
  • Next, the team plans to conduct further testing of different BD584 formulations to see how they fare against different strains of chlamydia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Because many strains of the following gram-positive microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to tetracyclines, culture and susceptibility testing are especially recommended. (nih.gov)
  • NATtrol™ Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) Positive Control is an unassayed in vitro diagnostic external run control intended to be used with qualitative molecular assays for detection of nucleic acids from this organism. (gentaur.shop)
  • Comparative in vitro activity of garenoxacin against Chlamydia spp. (suny.edu)
  • The current study reports on the analytical performance of the Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay, including the limit of detection, inclusivity, and analytical specificity for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in rectal and pharyngeal specimens. (escholarship.org)
  • These analytical performance data demonstrate that the Abbott CT/NG RealTime assay is an accurate, sensitive, and specific assay in rectal and pharyngeal specimens, supporting the potential of the assay for detection of rectal and pharyngeal C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections. (escholarship.org)
  • The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) was established in 1986 as a sentinel surveillance system to monitor trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities of N. gonorrhoeae strains in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite the MIC decrease (i.e., trend of improved cefixime susceptibility) during 2012-2013, the increase in the number of strains with Cfx-RS in 2014 underscores the potential threat of cephalosporin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae . (cdc.gov)
  • The discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs is sparked by the emergence of various antibiotic resistance strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The rationale was facilitation of surveillance for ocular strains, although the method is applicable to essentially any C. trachomatis surveillance application that does not require high resolution. (edu.au)
  • This showed that Australian ocular strains are unrelated to ocular strains elsewhere in the world, apart from at a small number of genes that genes, that on the basis of this work, are now thought to confer anatomical tropism. (edu.au)
  • Introduction Previous studies found conflicting results regarding associations between urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections and ethnicity or urogenital symptoms among at-risk populations using either ompA- based genotyping or high-resolution multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (bmj.com)
  • This study applied high-resolution MLST on samples of individuals from a selected young urban screening population to assess the relationship of C. trachomatis strain types with ethnicity and self-reported urogenital symptoms. (bmj.com)
  • in one cluster, participants with Surinamese/Antillean ethnicity were over-represented (58.8%) and this cluster predominantly consisted of genovar I. In addition, we found one cluster with an over-representation of participants with Dutch ethnicity (90.0%) and which solely consisted of genovar G. No association was observed between C. trachomatis clusters and urogenital symptoms. (bmj.com)
  • However, no association was found between C. trachomatis clusters and self-reported urogenital symptoms. (bmj.com)
  • This scarring can occur even in individuals who do not experience symptoms of chlamydia. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • In case of males, Chlamydia generally starts from urethra and its symptoms may come or go with time. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • If someone with chlamydia does experience symptoms, the time it takes for them to show up may vary. (chlamydiaexplained.com)
  • Thus, the plant may act as a potent antimicrobial drug against resistant strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identifying novel antimicrobial agents from plant-based compounds may result in anti-microbial drugs effective against the resistant strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We undertook studies focused on folate acquisition by Chlamydia trachomatis L2, Chlamydia psittaci 6BC, and C. psittaci francis. (jci.org)
  • Results from in situ studies, using wild-type host cells, confirmed that C. trachomatis L2 and C. psittaci 6BC are sensitive to sulfonamides whereas C. psittaci francis is resistant. (jci.org)
  • In addition C. trachomatis L2 and C. psittaci francis were inhibited by methotrexate in situ whereas C. psittaci 6BC was not. (jci.org)
  • In contrast to C. trachomatis, neither C. psittaci strain was affected by trimethoprim. (jci.org)
  • In aggregate the results indicate that C. trachomatis L2, C. psittaci francis, and C. psittaci 6BC can all synthesize folates de novo, however, strains differ in their ability to transport preformed folates directly from the host cell. (jci.org)
  • This new strain was found to be highly resistant to azithromycin, one of the antibiotics commonly used to treat chlamydia infections. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • Strains with resistance phenotypes to more recent antibiotics ( azithromycin and cefixime ) were mostly found in two of the five population subgroups. (peerj.com)
  • Because azithromycin use is intended to preserve the effectiveness of ceftriaxone, it has become important to determine which strain types are associated with reduced susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • Giffard, P. M., Singh, G. and Garland, S. M. (2017) What does Chlamydia trachomatis detection in a urogenital specimen from a young child mean? (edu.au)
  • Conclusions We found an association between urogenital C. trachomatis clusters and ethnicity among young screening participants in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. (bmj.com)
  • At follow-up 6-8 months after inclusion, Chlamydia tests were performed, and a new questionnaire and CRF completed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chlamydia tests were performed by self-sampled specimens, analyzed by the ProbeTec (Becton Dickinson) method, Ct-positive specimens also analyzed with a nvCT-specific method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The limit of detection for C. trachomatis was 2.56 EB/mL in pharyngeal specimens and 12.8 EB/mL in rectal specimens. (escholarship.org)
  • Recent research has focused on the development of new treatment options for chlamydia, including the use of new antibiotics and the development of vaccines. (chlamydiatrachomatis.com)
  • Data collection included an anonymous self-administered paper-and-pen questionnaire on sexual behaviour, reproductive health and history of Chlamydia, and condom use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCRmax work closely with key opinion leaders in the qPCR world to define the best possible target sequences and at the same time ensuring the kits have the broadest possible detection profile to capture all clinically relevant strains and subtypes. (pcrmax.com)
  • But this makes perfect sense when you realise that a strain that avoids laboratory detection and consequently destruction is bound to do better than a strain that is easily diagnosed. (microbiologymatters.com)
  • The sexually transmitted disease chlamydia has been strongly linked to cervical cancer in a study carried out by scientists in Finland. (the-scientist.com)
  • Chlamydia and Mycoplasmal Mucosal Infections Sexually transmitted urethritis, cervicitis, proctitis, and pharyngitis (that are not due to gonorrhea) are caused predominantly by chlamydiae and less frequently by mycoplasmas. (msdmanuals.com)