Betel chewing' describes the practice of masticating a quid of ingredients, including the seed of the Areca catechu palm (betel nut), the leaf of the creeping vine Piper betle and lime, usually in the form of burnt shell or coral. (cambridge.org)
This monograph evaluates the evidence of carcinogenicity of Betel-quid and Areca-nut chewing as well as some areca-nut-derived nitrosamines. (iarc.fr)
The condition is well recognized for its malignant potential and is particularly associated with areca nut chewing, the main component of betel quid. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] Betel quid chewing is a habit practiced predominately in Southeast Asia and India that dates back for thousands of years. (medscape.com)
The mixture of this quid, or chew, is a combination of the areca nut (fruit of the Areca catechu palm tree, erroneously termed betel nut) and betel leaf (from the Piper betel, a pepper shrub), tobacco, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), and catechu (extract of the Acacia catechu tree). (medscape.com)
[ 15 ] Commercially freeze-dried products such as pan masala, guthka, and mawa have higher concentrations of areca nut per chew and appear to cause oral submucous fibrosis more rapidly than self-prepared conventional betel quid, which contains smaller amounts of areca nut. (medscape.com)
A betel quid is the name given to small parcels that typically contain arecanuts, wrapped in a betel leaf coated with slaked lime. (cnn.com)
Spices may be added for taste in different parts of Asia, including cardamom, saffron cloves and sweeteners, according to research compiled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in its Monograph "Betel-quid and Areca-nut Chewing" (2004). (cnn.com)
Predictors of betel quid chewing behavior and cessation patterns in Taiwan aborigines. (ajtmh.org)
Betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption related to oral cancer in Taiwan. (ajtmh.org)
The precancer risk of betel quid chewing, tobacco use and alcohol consumption in oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis in southern Taiwan. (ajtmh.org)
They also promoted glucose metabolism in diabetic rats (Santhakumari et al 2006), but might cause cancer when consumed with lime and areca nut (a popular combination known as piper betel quid). (nparks.gov.sg)
The most common use of these nuts (seeds) is in the ritual chewing of the "betel-quid. (panmasalamix.com)
This quid is chewed slowly over several hours, causing a feeling of well-being. (panmasalamix.com)
For example, in Middle Eastern countries (India and Sudan), many chewing tobaccos are prepared with betel quid or areca nut , which are both known to be carcinogens. (oncolink.org)
Chewing the betel quid -- a mixture of areca nut, spices and slaked lime wrapped in betel vine leaves -- has been a cultural tradition in those regions for centuries. (ufl.edu)
TheAmerican Herbal Products Association (AHPA) challenged the State of Californiasproposal to list areca nut and betel quid as cancer-causing chemicals underProposition 65. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
Oral cancer is highly prevalent in South-East Asia and is linked to the habit of chewing smokeless tobacco products and betel quid/areca nut. (who.int)
Tobacco22
It is similar to tobacco chewing in westernized societies. (medscape.com)
Mawa (kharra): This is a crude combination of areca, tobacco, and lime. (medscape.com)
Mainpuri tobacco: Popular in parts of northern India, Mainpuri tobacco is a mixture of areca nut, tobacco, lime, and various condiments. (medscape.com)
citation needed] Snus has been seen as an alternative to smoking, vaping, chewing, dipping, and dissolvable and snuff tobacco products. (wikipedia.org)
A man shows off his stained teeth, dyed red from years of chewing betel quids, potent parcels of arecanuts, lime and tobacco wrapped in a betel leaf. (cnn.com)
Their teeth are stained a reddish-black, dyed from years of chewing potent parcels of arecanuts and tobacco, wrapped in a lime-coated betel leaf. (cnn.com)
Tobacco habits were more prevalent amongst those 15 cases who presented with concurrent carcinoma and OSF: We conclude that areca nut chewing has a causal relationship with OSF: additional tobacco insult may be necessary for subsequent carcinoma development. (nih.gov)
Gutkha (a version of chewing tobacco mixed with areca nut, catechu, slaked lime and other condiments popular in India and South-East Asia). (timeanddate.com)
The leaves of the betel plant are often chewed, either on their own or in combination with other substances like tobacco or areca nut. (transl8it.com)
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) constitutes a wide range of tobacco containing products that are non-combustible but may be chewed, inhaled (sniffed) or placed in the mouth. (ash.org.uk)
Khaini, Naswar and Gul) to increase nicotine absorption and addictiveness and tobacco with areca nut and slaked lime (eg. (ash.org.uk)
Several species of arecanuts, known for their bitter and tangy taste, raw or dried, are routinely used for chewing, especially in combination with the leaves of betel and dried leaves of tobacco . (earth.com)
The tobacco is usually chopped up and moistened, and is used by chewing it or holding it in the mouth between the gum and the cheek. (who.int)
Chewing tobacco is sometimes mixed with other substances including herbs, spices, areca nut, betel leaf and slaked lime. (who.int)
Gutkha is a commercially-manufactured smokeless chewing tobacco that is a sweetened and flavoured dry mixture which is increasingly popular among young people and women in some countries. (who.int)
Smokeless tobacco products are known by many names: dip, chew, spit, oral and spitless tobacco, and dry and moist snuff (snus). (oncolink.org)
Studies have shown that those who switch from cigarette smoking to chewing tobacco were more than 2.5 times as likely to develop cancer of the mouth or throat compared to those who quit smoking altogether. (oncolink.org)
Those who switch from cigarette smoking to chewing tobacco are 5-6 times more likely to develop cancer than non-smokers. (oncolink.org)
In Myanmar, it's commonplace to chew betel nut-areca nuts and tobacco wrapped in a lime-coated betel leaf. (samaritans-purse.org.uk)
Gutka is a type of chewing tobacco (made with betel leaf, areca nut, and slaked lime) that is common in India. (globaltobaccocontrol.org)
The use of smokeless tobacco by in the mouth, against the cheek or humans is a voluntary practice en behind the lip and sucked (dipped) Evaluations of smokeless tobac gaged in by hundreds of mil ions of or chewed. (who.int)
The best-known member of the genus is A. catechu , the areca nut palm. (earth.com)
Others: The combination of leaves, betel nut (fruit of Areca catechu) and slaked lime has stimulating properties when chewed. (nparks.gov.sg)
To investigate the possible mechanism and the compound(s) responsible for the antiplatelet and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects of Areca catechu crude extract (Ac.Cr). (jcimjournal.com)
The dried nuts are crushed with lime and catechu, a scarlet and astringent extract made by boiling chips of wood from the areca palm, plus some spices. (innvista.com)
Besides the nut from the Areca catechu , other species are also used in the same manner including A. concinna , A. nagensis , A. glandiformis , A. valiso , A. ipot , A. macrocalyx , A. pumila , and A. triandra . (innvista.com)
Areca "nuts" are added to the parcel, though they're not really nuts. (cnn.com)
Bride and groom seek blessings from elders by presenting them with betel leaves and arecanuts. (nparks.gov.sg)
In traditional Vietnamese weddings, the groom offers the bride's parents betel leaves and arecanuts as part of the bride price. (nparks.gov.sg)
A high-level probe has been launched in India into the smuggling of arecanuts from the neighboring countries. (thediplomat.com)
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has swung into action following an order from the Bombay High Court , which heard a Public Interest Litigation alleging that substandard and unsafe arecanuts were being smuggled by traders in connivance with custom officials. (thediplomat.com)
In 2016, as many as 23 wagons of arecanuts were seized by the railways in Maharastra, which were reportedly loaded at a station in the eastern region of the country. (thediplomat.com)
Three years later, a First Information Report at a police station in Assam alleged that 200 trucks of arecanuts sourced from Myanmar pass through the state every day without paying import duties. (thediplomat.com)
A section of traders and government officials take advantage of the deals by falsely declaring arecanuts from Indonesia as originating from India's neighbors. (thediplomat.com)
Of all the states in India, the smuggling of arecanuts has generated the most controversy in Assam, where the racket is alleged to have the blessings of powerful politicians and government officials. (thediplomat.com)
However, unlike arecanuts, which are imported, most of these syndicates in India's Northeast thrive on exporting commodities such as cattle, coal, and boulders to Bangladesh, after sourcing these goods from different destinations in the country. (thediplomat.com)
It's a local culinary tradition to chew arecanuts with betel leaves and different spices, such as cardamom, cinnamon, clove etc. (crazysexyfuntraveler.com)
Areca is a genus of about 50 species of palms in the family Arecaceae , found in humid tropical forests from the islands of the Philippines , Malaysia and India , across Southeast Asia to Melanesia . (earth.com)
The generic name Areca is derived from a name used locally on the Malabar Coast of India .Areca palms are relatively fast-growing and are usually planted in clumps. (earth.com)
The Tamboli are a people of India traditionally associated with the production and distribution of the betel leaf and areca nut. (joshuaproject.net)
The betel nut, a seed of the areca palm, is grown and used throughout India, parts of China and much of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia and most of the Pacific islands. (ufl.edu)
This plant is usually cultivated for its leaves where in some countries, they are chewed with slaked lime and in some others, they are used as traditional herbal medicine or for prayers. (nparks.gov.sg)
Habit2
Since the habit of chewing areca nut is prevalent in Taiwanese men, we used the accurate method of diagnosed obstructive CAD to further examine the relationships between areca nut chewing and the risk of CAD in a Taiwanese male population. (biomedcentral.com)
The pretreatment oral mucosa condition and areca chewing habit might account for such discrepancy. (tmu.edu.tw)
Supari1
Trucks laden with supari (areca nut) were seen on the highway at regular intervals, but they were always in possession of the necessary documents. (thediplomat.com)
Assam2
In Assam, areca nut is also known as tamul in the local dialect. (earth.com)
In 2018, Assam rights activist Akhil Gogoi revealed details of the clandestine network that sustains the smuggling of areca nut from Myanmar. (thediplomat.com)
After applying areca nut extract, the results suggested that it activated the same receptor as nicotine, and did so in a way that could affect a person's behavior. (ufl.edu)
Snuff1
Surveys show that most people who use snuff or chew would like to quit. (oncolink.org)
Palms1
Iron rods and trunks of areca nut palms were used to support the structure as stopgap measures were put in place to conserve it. (indiatimes.com)
Southeast Asia1
Areca nut chewing contributes to the very high burden of oral cancer in South and Southeast Asia. (bmj.com)
Cigarette2
After adjusting for other covariates, the 2-way additive interactions for obstructive CAD risk were also significant between areca nut use and cigarette smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Interactive effects between chewing areca nut and cigarette smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were also observed for CAD risk. (biomedcentral.com)
Carcinoma1
Long non-coding RNA appearance profiles and connected regulating systems throughout areca nut chewing-induced mouth squamous cellular carcinoma. (bcl-2protein.com)
Palm6
They're seeds that come from the areca palm, which is grown throughout Asia. (cnn.com)
When someone is finished chewing it, the remains are spit out. (innvista.com)
Practice2
This practice, known as betel chewing, is believed to have a stimulating effect on the mind and body, and it has been used for centuries in many different cultures. (transl8it.com)
Chewing betel leaves is a common practice in social occasions in South Asia. (joshuaproject.net)
Habits2
To compare the primary and extrapyramidal symptom profiles and substance-using habits of betel chewing v. non-chewing people with schizophrenia. (cambridge.org)
Betel-chewers maintain that the chewing keeps the gums healthy but continual betel-chewing ultimately destroys the teeth (Burkill 1935). (botanical-dermatology-database.info)
Indonesia1
Comí betel en mi último viaje a Indonesia. (transl8it.com)
Cancers3
The side effects of chronic chewing betel include cancers of the mouth and esophagus, kidney, liver and heart disease and psychiatric disorders. (joshuaproject.net)
L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence des cancers gynécologiques en pratique oncologique à Lomé et d'en étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et histo-cliniques. (bvsalud.org)
Il s'agitd'une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur tous les cancers gynécologiques reçus en oncologie entre le 1erJanvier 2016 et le 31 Décembre 2021. (bvsalud.org)
Teeth2
The teeth are involved in all 3 roles, and dental diseases can be a source of multiple problems, including oral and systemic infections and difficulty in chewing, swallowing, or phonation. (medscape.com)
The crown of each tooth has 5 surfaces: buccal (facing the cheek or lip), lingual (facing the tongue), mesial (between the teeth), distal (between the teeth), and chewing (occlusal for molars and premolars, incisal for incisors and canines). (medscape.com)
Nicotine1
Betel nut is humanity's fourth most widely used drug after nicotine, ethanol and caffeine, and is chewed by millions of people living between the east coast of Africa and the western Pacific ( Reference Marshall and Lindstrom Marshall, 1987 ). (cambridge.org)
Only products designed to be chewed or inhaled are legal in the UK (see section on regulation below). (ash.org.uk)
The group noted since human usage data examined by IARC, withoutexception, was limited to the health consequences of prolonged chewing ofproducts containing areca seed, OEHHA should only list areca nut with clearlystated qualifications to limit the listing to exclude areca husk and to includeonly products intended for chewing. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
Cancer1
For hundreds of millions of people around the world, chewing betel nut produces a cheap, quick high but also raises the risk of addiction and oral cancer. (ufl.edu)
Millions of people3
Although millions of people with schizophrenia live in betel chewing regions, the effects of betel chewing on their symptoms are unknown. (cambridge.org)
Since millions of people with schizophrenia live in betel-chewing regions, an increased understanding of the interaction between betel chewing and schizophrenia should benefit clinical treatment. (cambridge.org)
Millions of people of South Asia and the Pacific chew areca or betel nut as a mild stimulant as many Westerners drink coffee or tea. (joshuaproject.net)
The aim of this study was to examine whether chewing areca nut increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Taiwanese men. (biomedcentral.com)
Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratio of areca nut chewing and the risk of obstructive CAD. (biomedcentral.com)
Subjects who chewed areca nut had a 3.5-fold increased risk (95% CI = 2.0-6.2) of having obstructive CAD than those without, after adjusting for other significant covariates. (biomedcentral.com)
The dose-response relationship of chewing areca nut and the risk of obstructive CAD was also noted. (biomedcentral.com)
Long-term areca nut chewing was an independent risk factor of obstructive CAD in Taiwanese men. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the cases, an increased risk was observed for areca nut chewing. (nih.gov)
Mortality1
Areca nut chewing has been reported to be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and cardiovascular mortality in previous studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Countries1
They're chewed in many countries throughout Asia, despite the published health risks. (cnn.com)
Mild1
Packages of pan are chewed, but not swallowed, for its mild stimulating effect. (innvista.com)
Love2
Show your bunny some love with a heart-shaped chew. (binkybunny.com)