• CXC chemokine receptors are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CXC chemokine family. (wikipedia.org)
  • They represent one subfamily of chemokine receptors, a large family of G protein-linked receptors that are known as seven transmembrane (7-TM) proteins, since they span the cell membrane seven times. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are currently six known CXC chemokine receptors in mammals, named CXCR1 through CXCR6. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXCR1 and CXCR2 are closely related receptors that recognize CXC chemokines that possess an E-L-R amino acid motif immediately adjacent to their CXC motif. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXCR6 was formerly called three different names (STRL33, BONZO, and TYMSTR) before being assigned CXCR6 based on its chromosomal location (within the chemokine receptor cluster on human chromosome 3p21) and its similarity to other chemokine receptors in its gene sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, CXCR6 is more closely related in structure to CC chemokine receptors than to other CXC chemokine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemokines receptors are seven transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors that allow cells to migrate towards increasing chemokine gradients. (biolegend.com)
  • Specific chemokine receptors are often required to gain entry (or exit) from certain organs and tissues like the thymus and bone marrow. (biolegend.com)
  • The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. (genome.jp)
  • A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, global transcriptomics highlight differences between T PH cells and T follicular helper cells, including altered expression of BCL6 and BLIMP1 and unique expression of chemokine receptors that direct migration to inflamed sites, such as CCR2, CX3CR1, and CCR5, in T PH cells. (nature.com)
  • This is largely orchestrated by chemokines, which are sensed by heptahelical G protein-coupled chemokine receptors on leukocytes ( 1 , 2 ). (aai.org)
  • The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The chemokine receptor CXCR5 is expressed on B cells and CD4+ Tfh cells and is involved in lymphocyte homing and the development of normal lymphoid tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human B cells rapidly downregulate CXCR5 on encountering CXCL13, but recover CXCR5 expression in the CXCL13-low environment. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate whether chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor ( C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5, CXCR5) involve in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) and the regulation of morphine analgesia in rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • The levels of CXCL13, CXCR5 and signal pathway proteins (p-p38, p-ERK and p-AKT etc.) in the spinal cord were measured via western blots . (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5 in spinal cord was increased in BCP rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • The cellular ligand for CXCL13 is CXCR5 also known as BLR-1 (Burkitt's Lymphoma Receptor 1). (thermofisher.com)
  • Serum Levels of the Chemokine CXCL13, Genetic Variation in CXCL13 and Its Receptor CXCR5, and HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma Risk. (medscape.com)
  • The 2G8 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the mouse C-X-C Chemokine Receptor type 5, CXCR5. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CXCR5 is a seven-transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptor that is specific for the CXC chemokine, CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Rather, using multidimensional cytometry, transcriptomics, and functional assays, we define a population of PD-1 hi CXCR5 − 'peripheral helper' T (T PH ) cells that express factors enabling B-cell help, including IL-21, CXCL13, ICOS, and MAF. (nature.com)
  • CXCL13 functions especially like a B-cell chemoattractant, as B cells express high levels of its receptor CXCR5 [2]. (districsides.com)
  • Chemokine ligand 13 is a new candidate biomarker in children with ADEM and MS versus those without inflammation [ 2 ]. (e-cep.org)
  • To evaluate the relationship between CSF cytokine microenvironment such as Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), etc. as well as CSF metabolites, including energy metabolites and neurotransmitters, and response to combination Tafasitamab plus lenalidomide Tafasitamab, PFS, OS, and neurocognitive endpoints. (ucbraid.org)
  • The combination of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) was the best predictor of ICU admission (positive and negative predictive values ranging from 81.8% to 93.1% and 85.2% to 94.4% in the 3 cohorts) and occurrence of death during patient follow-up (8.8 fold higher likelihood of death when both cytokines were increased). (cdc.gov)
  • CXCR4 (also known as fusin) is the receptor for a chemokine known as CXCL12 (or SDF-1) and, as with CCR5, is utilized by HIV-1 to gain entry into target cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Use this table to quickly identify the chemokines that bind to each receptor. (biolegend.com)
  • We selected most pathways CCL3L3 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Comparison of wild-type and deficient mice suggested that MZ macrophage population loss is dependent on interferon gamma (IFN-γ) receptor but independent of T cells or tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 (TNF-αR1) signaling pathways and is not correlated to an alteration of CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL13 chemokine mRNA expression. (unamur.be)
  • The chemokine receptor CCR7 drives leukocyte migration into and within lymph nodes (LNs). (aai.org)
  • It is activated by chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, which are scavenged by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4. (aai.org)
  • C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 [Source:H. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In this article, we have incorporated multiple biochemical processes describing the CCL19-CCL21-CCR7-ACKR4 network into our model of LN fluid flow to establish a computational model to investigate intranodal chemokine gradients. (aai.org)
  • Importantly, the model recapitulates CCL21 gradients observed experimentally in B cell follicles and interfollicular regions, building confidence in its ability to accurately predict intranodal chemokine distribution. (aai.org)
  • CXCL12, CXCL10, CCL21, CCL19 manifestation (= 5 and 6 for WT and Tg, respectively) were compared to CXCL13 (= 17 and 21 for SR 144528 WT and Tg, respectively). (districsides.com)
  • Ectopic expressions of CXC chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13), interleukins (IL-1/2/4/6/10/12/17/22/23), IFN- γ, and TNF- α occur in the minor salivary glands of SS patients as compared to healthy individuals [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We assessed cardiac response in two experimental models of CKD and tested macrophage and chemokine implication in monocytopenic CCR2 −/− and anti-CXCL10 treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Homeostatic chemokines are constitutively expressed in particular organs or tissues. (biolegend.com)
  • Z100075The homeostatic chemokine CXCL13 is constitutively expressed in secondary lymphoid tissue and known to initiate lymphoid neogenesis when expressed aberrantly in mice. (topsan.org)
  • CXCL13 is also a plasma biomarker for germinal center activity and generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV. (thermofisher.com)
  • The authors point out their case report demonstrates the possibility that confusion or acute encephalopathy can be a presenting feature of neuroborreliosis and that CXCL13 may be useful as a biomarker in central nervous system manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. (danielcameronmd.com)
  • Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the cell trafficking and thus are vital for protective host response. (genome.jp)
  • A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
  • While some chemotaxis is induced by inflammation or damaged cells, other chemokines function in homeostasis. (biolegend.com)
  • Consequently, this mouse model finally mimics the thymic pathology observed in human being MG. Our data also shown that inflammation is definitely required to reveal CXCL13 ability to recruit B cells and to induce tertiary lymphoid organ development. (districsides.com)
  • The Mouse Cytokine Array, Panel A utilizes capture antibodies spotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane to allow high-throughput multi-analyte profiling of 40 cytokines, chemokines, and more in a single sample. (rndsystems.com)
  • A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for B-LYMPHOCYTES . (nih.gov)
  • Chemokines are important regulators of immune, inflammatory, and neuronal responses in peripheral and central pain pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • It mainly acts on biological processes such as inflammatory response, chemokine metabolic process, and immune response as well as pathways such as FoxO signaling pathway, Yersinia infection, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry analysis of CXCL13 on paraffin-embedded mouse lymphaden tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • Using immunohistochemistry, Grogg et al noted CD10 and CXCL13 staining in bone marrow samples in a subset of patients with AILD. (medscape.com)
  • Due to their function of targeting cells to specific organs, homeostatic chemokines can also be involved in cancer and metastasis. (biolegend.com)
  • We 1st analyzed CXCL13 mRNA manifestation in the thymus of Tg mice aged from 2 to 10 weeks. (districsides.com)
  • CXCL13 mRNA level in the thymus of WT and K5-CXCL13 Tg mice at different age (= 7-21 per SR 144528 group). (districsides.com)
  • D. Chemokine mRNA manifestation in the thymus of 2- to 3-month-old WT and Tg mice. (districsides.com)
  • We also analyzed the mRNA manifestation level of CXCL13 in additional organs beside the thymus. (districsides.com)
  • Completely our results clearly confirmed the specific overexpression of CXCL13 in the thymus of Tg mice in the mRNA and protein levels. (districsides.com)
  • CXCL13, also known as BCA-1 and Angie, is a small chemokine strongly expressed in the secondary lymphoid organs. (thermofisher.com)
  • These chemokines also have a more diverse range of functions compared to inflammatory chemokines. (biolegend.com)
  • In the event of infection, injury, or tissue damage, inflammatory chemokines are often released to address the problem. (biolegend.com)
  • Many inflammatory chemokines attract a wide variety of cells in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. (biolegend.com)
  • Upon sensing the inflammatory chemokine, cells will extravasate from the blood vessel and follow the gradient to its source. (biolegend.com)
  • Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • PeproTech offers an expanding assortment of antibody products that have been produced from the corresponding Growth Factors and Cytokines, Chemokines, Neurotrophins, Proteases and other protein products offered in our Product Catalog. (peprotech.com)
  • In the protein level, we also clearly observed higher manifestation of CXCL13 in the thymus of Tg mice having a 2.5 to 3.7 times increase in young and old mice, respectively (Figure 1B-1C). (districsides.com)
  • B.-C. CXCL13 protein levels measured by ELISA in WT and Tg mice at different age (= 5-6 per group). (districsides.com)
  • Intrathecally injection of murine recombinant CXCL13 (mrCXCL13) decreased the PWTs of BCP rats and opposed morphine -induced analgesia in BCP rats . (bvsalud.org)
  • These data suggest that the CXCL13 gradient in human LNs is likely to be different from that proposed in mice. (nih.gov)
  • Thymic structure and cell populations in K5-CXCL13 Tg mice Compared to age-matched WT mice, K5-CXCL13 Tg mice did not show any variations in thymus excess weight (data not demonstrated). (districsides.com)
  • In human LNs we find CXCL13 is prominently expressed at the follicular edge, often associated with fibroblastic reticular cells located in these areas, whereas follicular dendritic cells show minimal contribution to CXCL13 expression. (nih.gov)
  • Dunleavy et al noted that overexpression of the chemokine CXCL13 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma suggests that it may be derived from follicular helper T cells. (medscape.com)
  • Open in a separate window Number 1 Chemokine manifestation in the thymus of K5-CXCL13 SR 144528 Tg miceA. (districsides.com)
  • As expected, we observed a strongly improved manifestation of CXCL13 in the thymus but also in salivary glands and an even higher manifestation in the skin (Supplemental Number S2). (districsides.com)
  • Moreover, it acts as a framework to investigate gradients at other locations, including those that cannot be visualized experimentally or involve other chemokines. (aai.org)
  • The Roles of Chemokine CXCL13 in the Development of Bone Cancer Pain and the Regulation of Morphine Analgesia in Rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results suggest CXCL13 participated in bone cancer pain and opposed morphine analgesia via p38, ERK and AKT pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Attracted cells move toward areas of higher concentrations of the chemokine. (biolegend.com)
  • In addition, chemokines regulate plethora of biological processes of hematopoietic cells to lead cellular activation, differentiation and survival. (genome.jp)
  • Open in a MEN1 separate window Number 2 Thymic structure and proportion of T and B cells in K5-CXCL13 Tg miceA. (districsides.com)
  • Sample was incubated with CXCL13 polyclonal antibody (Product# PA5-79106) with a dilution of 1 µg/mL, and developed by Streptavidin-Biotin-Complex (SABC) with DAB chromogen method. (thermofisher.com)
  • Parameter variation analysis indicates that the directionality of these gradients is robust, but their magnitude is sensitive to these key parameters: chemokine production, diffusivity, matrix binding site availability, and CCR7 abundance. (aai.org)