• During inflammation or infection, classical monocytes are mobilized from bone marrow reserves in response to chemokines that bind to the CCR2 receptor, such as CCL2 and CCL7 ( Shi and Pamer, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Functional annotation clustering of the microarray data showed that gene clusters involved in immune and antiviral responses ranked highly, involving genes such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 ( CCL2 ), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 ( CCL5 ), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 ( CXCL10 ), and toll like receptor 3 ( TLR3 ). (molvis.org)
  • These changes of the intratumoral myeloid composition coincided with macrophage recruitment by chemokines, including CCL2 and CCL5, and were completely dependent on a vaccine-induced influx of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Chemokine ccl2. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. (lookformedical.com)
  • At tumor sites, monocytes differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages capable of producing growth factors, proteases, angiogenic mediators, cytokines, and chemokines such as CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL5 (RANTES). (creative-proteomics.com)
  • Upon stimulation, NK cells secrete large amounts of cytokines and chemokines such as IFN-Batf3andIrf8 and several chemokines (CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL10) [10]. (ufe-eg.org)
  • An Ingenuity pathway analysis based on the differentially expressed genes suggested that propionate and butyrate modulate leukocyte trafficking, as SCFA strongly reduced the release of several pro-inflammatory chemokines including CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. (unibo.it)
  • Interestingly, the SARS-CoV infected DCs showed low expression of antiviral cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ and IL-12p40), moderate upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) but significant upregulation of inflammatory chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α/CCL3, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL-5, interferon-inducible protein of 10 kD (IP-10)/CXCL10 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1/CCL2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-6], CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL10/IP-10, CXCL9/MIG) or plex clinical scenarios in adults may have hindered case present at low levels (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemokines such as CXCL10 (IP-10) and CXCL9 may inhibit the development of cancer. (creative-proteomics.com)
  • Cytokine cocktail -induced expression by a factor of >30 was observed for CCL5, CCL8, CCL22, CX3CL1, CXCL9, and CXCL10 (asterisks indicate significant differences between control and cytokine-treated islets). (reprokine.com)
  • Chemokines have been classified into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C and C. All of these proteins exert their biological effects by interacting with G protein-linked transmembrane receptors called chemokine receptors, that are selectively found on the surfaces of their target cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among other homeostatic chemokine receptors include: CCR9, CCR10, and CXCR5, which are important as part of the cell addresses for tissue-specific homing of leukocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. (cancerindex.org)
  • With the exception of CXCR4, which was expressed on 29% of endothelial cells, all other chemokine receptors (CXCR1, 2, 3, and CCR2) were expressed on less than 5% of the endothelial cell populations. (vu.nl)
  • A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. (lookformedical.com)
  • Increased TME NK and CD8 + T-cell numbers correlated with augmented chemokine ligands and receptors. (bmj.com)
  • In this study, we focussed on the gene expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), chemokine receptors (CCRs) and death receptor ligands in SARS-CoV infected DCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, activated DCs produce proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, which shape the pattern of immune responses [14]. (ufe-eg.org)
  • We simultaneously measured the expression of 32 inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebella from these mice, including those identified in our genome-wide analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combination of BUD and FORM had concentration-dependent, additive or synergistic effects in the suppression of RV-induced CCL5, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in both cell types as well as VEGF in NHBE only. (nih.gov)
  • Cytokine proteins are classified as chemokines according to behavior and structural characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Astrocyte-derived chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20) was identified using cytokine arrays, and its role in glioblastoma development was evaluated in orthotopic xenografts. (cancerindex.org)
  • Although hallmarks of a cytokine storm were evident in both groups, older individuals exhibited elevated levels of chemokines that mobilize inflammatory myeloid cells, notably in those who succumbed to disease. (medrxiv.org)
  • C ) Supernatants of cultivated retinas were collected at one and three days of untreated retinal cultivation and analysed for chemokines using a multiplex cytokine assay. (paulylab.de)
  • We postulated that this lack of antiviral cytokine response against a background of intense chemokine upregulation could represent a mechanism of immune evasion by SARS-CoV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, IP-10/CXCL10, a potent IFN-γ-responsive cytokine, was identified as the potential mediator of these early inflammatory abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We assessed cardiac response in two experimental models of CKD and tested macrophage and chemokine implication in monocytopenic CCR2 −/− and anti-CXCL10 treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
  • However, BATF did not modulate the functions of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), including the expressions of chemokines, matrix-degrading enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Incubation of tumor cells with T cell-derived IFNγ and TNFα recapitulated the chemokine profile observed in vivo , confirming the capacity of antitumor CD8 T cells to mediate macrophage infiltration of tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We identified CXCL10 as a crucial factor for cardiac macrophage expansion in uremic disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to being known for mediating chemotaxis, chemokines are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in mass and have four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiplex protein analysis further showed elevated expression of IP-10/CXCL10, a potent downstream effector of IFN-γ, as well as RANTES/CCL5, eotaxin/CCL11 and IL-10, prior to symptomatic onset in Npc1 −/− /App −/− cerebella, compared with Npc1 −/− /App +/+ mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These are known as homeostatic chemokines and are produced and secreted without any need to stimulate their source cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • for example, CCL20 can act also as pro-inflammatory chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Retinal explant morphology, complement component transcription, and chemokine secretion during in vitro cultivation. (paulylab.de)
  • CXCL10 secretion increased during in vitro cultivation. (paulylab.de)
  • Their homeostatic function in homing is best exemplified by the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 (expressed within lymph nodes and on lymphatic endothelial cells) and their receptor CCR7 (expressed on cells destined for homing in cells to these organs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemokines (from Ancient Greek χῠμείᾱ (khumeíā) 'alchemy', and κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsis) 'movement'), or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. (wikipedia.org)
  • The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells that are attracted by chemokines follow a signal of increasing chemokine concentration towards the source of the chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other chemokines are inflammatory and are released from a wide variety of cells in response to bacterial infection, viruses and agents that cause physical damage such as silica or the urate crystals that occur in gout. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain inflammatory chemokines activate cells to initiate an immune response or promote wound healing. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3), and interleukin-6, were subjected to virus isolation using MDCK cells, and CXCL10/IP-10, but no evidence of viral neuroinvasion. (cdc.gov)
  • BUD and FORM suppress RV-induced chemokines and growth factors in bronchial epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent, synergistic or additive manner. (nih.gov)
  • Foremost, N-809 enhances intratumoral lymphocyte numbers by increasing trafficking via altered chemokine levels in the TME and chemokine receptor expression on CD8 + T cells and NK cells. (bmj.com)
  • Chemokine transcripts induced in human islet cells in response to inflammatory stimuli (microarray analysis). (reprokine.com)
  • We quantified CXCL10 in human CKD plasma and tested the response of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and primary cardiac fibroblasts to serum from CKD donors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In humans, we found increased plasma CXCL10 concentrations in advanced CKD, and identified the production of CXCL10 in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altered consciousness, dis- cytokines/chemokines by bead-based multiplex fl ow cytom- orientation, and seizures occur within a few days after the etry. (cdc.gov)
  • A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
  • In addition to playing a major role in the activation of host immune responses, chemokines are important for biological processes, including morphogenesis and wound healing, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemokines are functionally divided into two groups: Homeostatic: are constitutively produced in certain tissues and are responsible for basal leukocyte migration. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main function of chemokines is to manage the migration of leukocytes (homing) in the respective anatomical locations in inflammatory and homeostatic processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The upregulation of chemokines and CCRs may facilitate DC migration from the infection site to the lymph nodes, whereas the increase of TRAIL may induce lymphocyte apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We assessed the effects of individual and combined drugs administered post-infection, at a clinically relevant concentration range (10(-6)-10(-10) m), on the production of CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL8, IL-6 and the remodelling-associated VEGF and bFGF, using ELISA and RT-PCR. (nih.gov)
  • Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria, but none have been found in other invertebrates. (wikipedia.org)