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Receptors, CXCR4Chemokine CXCL12Chemokine CXCL10Chemokine CXCL13Chemokine CXCL6Receptors, CXCR3Chemokine CXCL11Receptors, CXCRChemokine CXCL1Chemokines, CXCChemokine CXCL9Receptors, ChemokineReceptors, CXCR5Receptors, Interleukin-8BChemokine CXCL5Receptors, Interleukin-8AChemokinesHeterocyclic CompoundsCell MovementChemotaxis, LeukocyteChemokine CCL5ChemotaxisChemokine CCL2Chemokine CXCL2Interleukin-8Chemokine CCL21Receptors, ScavengerMice, Inbred C57BLChemokine CCL4Chemokines, CCChemokine CCL3Chemokine CCL22Chemokine CCL17Cells, CulturedSignal TransductionChemokine CCL19Flow CytometryChemokine CX3CL1Mice, KnockoutNeutrophil InfiltrationUp-RegulationPlatelet Factor 4Chemokine CCL7Receptors, CCR5Receptors, CCR4Chemokine CCL20RNA, MessengerReceptors, CCR7Cell Line, TumorChemokine CCL11Chemokine CCL1Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionT-LymphocytesImmunohistochemistryGene Expression RegulationInflammationMice, Inbred BALB CChemokine CCL27Receptors, CCR2Cell LineCytokinesReceptors, CCR1Receptors, CytokineCell ProliferationCell AdhesionEndothelial CellsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayChemokine CCL8Macrophage Inflammatory ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalLigandsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesReceptors, CCR3Receptors, HIVInterferon-gammaProtein BindingMacrophagesChemotactic FactorsBone Marrow CellsNeutrophilsMice, TransgenicBlotting, WesternGene ExpressionTransfectionCell DifferentiationReceptors, CCR10Gene Expression ProfilingIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsHIV-1Stromal CellsReceptors, CCR8WartsChemokine CCL24Monocyte Chemoattractant ProteinsReceptors, CCRMonocytesMolecular Sequence DataTime FactorsHIV Envelope Protein gp120Down-Regulation
Constitutively expressedCytokinesChemoattractantSeveral chemokine receptorsSeven-transmembraneCCL2CCL19Fibroblastic reticular cellsLymph NodesCCR2LymphocytesCytokineProtein-coupled receptorsHomeostatic chemokinesCCL5Stromal cellsCXCR4Ligand-receptorSpecificityBLR1CCR7INFLAMMATIONMiceMetastasisCellsBindNeutrophilsInflammatoryBiomarkerLymphoidTHYMUSCysteinesBurkitt'sAntibodyCD185GenesExpressionMoleculesHuman
Constitutively expressed3
  • approximately 50 human chemokines and 20 receptors happen to be identified (Table 1) [12], and they could be classified either on the basis of (i) the molecular structure, i.e., the pattern of cysteine residues within the ligands or (ii) their functional qualities, as inducible or inflammatory chemokines and constitutively expressed homeostatic chemokines [33]. (5htreceptor.com)
  • CXCL13, also known as B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC), is a CXC chemokine that is constitutively expressed in secondary lymphoid organs. (bio-techne.com)
  • Homeostatic chemokines are constitutively expressed in particular organs or tissues. (biolegend.com)
Cytokines7
  • throughout leukemogenesis, chemokines interact with other cytokines, especially hematopoietic growth variables and angioregulatory components [357], but in addition using the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) technique that seems to become directly involved in leukemogenesis and causes proteolytic cleavage and, thereby, activation of chemokines [38]. (5htreceptor.com)
  • We proposed to perform a comparative analysis of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokine receptors on the salivary cells in the saliva obtained from trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and normal subjects. (mdpi.com)
  • Chemokines are a class of cytokines that induce chemotaxis (migration) of target cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Once at the site of injury, immune cells can react by releasing additional cytokines and chemokines, bringing more cells into the fold. (biolegend.com)
  • They are grouped into one family because the receptor complex of each cytokine contains two (IL-6 and IL-11) or one molecule (all others cytokines) of the signaling receptor subunit gp130. (antibodies-online.cn)
  • In 2001, six immune mediators (IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26) were grouped into the so-called IL-10 family of cytokines based on their similarities with respect to the structure and location of their encoding genes, their primary and secondary protein structures, and the receptor complexes used. (antibodies-online.cn)
  • Platelets interact with leukocytes through both adhesive mechanisms as well as release of cytokines/chemokines. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Chemoattractant3
  • A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the cell trafficking and thus are vital for protective host response. (genome.jp)
  • CXCL13 functions especially like a B-cell chemoattractant, as B cells express high levels of its receptor CXCR5 [2]. (districsides.com)
Several chemokine receptors2
  • The complexity from the chemokine system is noticed at the receptor level, exactly where specially inflammatory chemokines frequently bind several receptors and vice versa [34], and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells normally show constitutive release of numerous chemokines and express several chemokine receptors [20]. (5htreceptor.com)
  • CXCR4 is one of several chemokine receptors that HIV can use to infect CD4+ T cells . (wikidoc.org)
Seven-transmembrane4
  • CXCR5 is a seven-transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptor that is specific for the CXC chemokine, CXCL13/BLC/BCA-1. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD185, which is also known as C-X-C chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) and Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1), is a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor originally identified in Burkitt's lymphoma. (cytekbio.com)
  • The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chemokines receptors are seven transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors that allow cells to migrate towards increasing chemokine gradients. (biolegend.com)
CCL21
CCL194
  • It is activated by chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, which are scavenged by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4. (aai.org)
  • In this article, we have incorporated multiple biochemical processes describing the CCL19-CCL21-CCR7-ACKR4 network into our model of LN fluid flow to establish a computational model to investigate intranodal chemokine gradients. (aai.org)
  • CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. (lookformedical.com)
  • CXCL12, CXCL10, CCL21, CCL19 manifestation (= 5 and 6 for WT and Tg, respectively) were compared to CXCL13 (= 17 and 21 for SR 144528 WT and Tg, respectively). (districsides.com)
Fibroblastic reticular cells2
  • In human LNs we find CXCL13 is prominently expressed at the follicular edge, often associated with fibroblastic reticular cells located in these areas, whereas follicular dendritic cells show minimal contribution to CXCL13 expression. (nih.gov)
  • This type of receptor interacts with the chemokine CCL21, produced by fibroblastic reticular cells. (wikipedia.org)
Lymph Nodes1
  • The chemokine receptor CCR7 drives leukocyte migration into and within lymph nodes (LNs). (aai.org)
CCR21
  • However, global transcriptomics highlight differences between T PH cells and T follicular helper cells, including altered expression of BCL6 and BLIMP1 and unique expression of chemokine receptors that direct migration to inflamed sites, such as CCR2, CX3CR1, and CCR5, in T PH cells. (nature.com)
Lymphocytes9
Cytokine3
  • IL-33 belongs to IL-1 cytokine family and it exerts biological activities through binding to its specific receptor ST2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regardless of these limitations, we conclude that analysis of systemic chemokine/cytokine profiles can reflect critical clinical characteristics and, as a result, is definitely an crucial scientific tool which will be used as a component of future clinical studies to determine clinically relevant biomarkers. (5htreceptor.com)
  • The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that was previously called GRO1 oncogene, GROα, KC, neutrophil-activating protein 3 (NAP-3) and melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha (MGSA-α). (wikidoc.org)
Protein-coupled receptors1
  • The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. (genome.jp)
Homeostatic chemokines1
  • Due to their function of targeting cells to specific organs, homeostatic chemokines can also be involved in cancer and metastasis. (biolegend.com)
CCL52
  • APOBEC3F apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3F: Candida albicans enhanced the production of the CCR5-interacting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and stimulates the production of interferon-a and the restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and tetherin (BST2) in macrophages Rodriguez et al, 2013 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
  • BST2 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (Tetherin): Candida albicans enhanced the production of the CCR5-interacting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and stimulates the production of interferon-a and the restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and tetherin (BST2) in macrophages Rodriguez et al, 2013 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
Stromal cells1
CXCR46
  • C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 ( CXCR-4 ) also known as fusin or CD184 (cluster of differentiation 184) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR4 gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • CXCR4 is upregulated during the implantation window in natural and hormone replacement therapy cycles in the endometrium, producing, in presence of a human blastocyst , a surface polarization of the CXCR4 receptors suggesting that this receptor is implicated in the adhesion phase of human implantation . (wikidoc.org)
  • Until recently, SDF-1 and CXCR4 were believed to be a relatively monogamous ligand-receptor pair (other chemokines are promiscuous, tending to use several different chemokine receptors). (wikidoc.org)
  • Drugs that block the CXCR4 receptor appear to be capable of "mobilizing" hematopoietic stem cells into the bloodstream as peripheral blood stem cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • Plerixafor (AMD3100) is a drug, approved for routine clinical use, [7] which directly blocks the CXCR4 receptor. (wikidoc.org)
  • CXCL12 (over-)expressing cancers might not sense the CXCL12 gradient released from the metastasis target tissues since the receptor, CXCR4, is saturated with the ligand produced in an autocrine manner. (wikidoc.org)
Ligand-receptor1
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
Specificity8
BLR12
  • CXCR5 is also known as CD185, BLR1, NLR and MDR15. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • BLR1, a G protein-coupled receptor originally isolated from Burkitt's lymphoma cells, has now been shown to be the specific receptor for BCA-1. (bio-techne.com)
CCR73
  • For example, Naive T cells express the CCR7 receptor for the chemokine CCL21. (wikipedia.org)
  • In an inflammatory state, lymphatic endothelial cells increase their surface adhesion molecules, and dendritic cells express a surface CCR7 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parameter variation analysis indicates that the directionality of these gradients is robust, but their magnitude is sensitive to these key parameters: chemokine production, diffusivity, matrix binding site availability, and CCR7 abundance. (aai.org)
INFLAMMATION2
  • While some chemotaxis is induced by inflammation or damaged cells, other chemokines function in homeostasis. (biolegend.com)
  • Consequently, this mouse model finally mimics the thymic pathology observed in human being MG. Our data also shown that inflammation is definitely required to reveal CXCL13 ability to recruit B cells and to induce tertiary lymphoid organ development. (districsides.com)
Mice9
  • These data suggest that the CXCL13 gradient in human LNs is likely to be different from that proposed in mice. (nih.gov)
  • We 1st analyzed CXCL13 mRNA manifestation in the thymus of Tg mice aged from 2 to 10 weeks. (districsides.com)
  • In the protein level, we also clearly observed higher manifestation of CXCL13 in the thymus of Tg mice having a 2.5 to 3.7 times increase in young and old mice, respectively (Figure 1B-1C). (districsides.com)
  • CXCL13 mRNA level in the thymus of WT and K5-CXCL13 Tg mice at different age (= 7-21 per SR 144528 group). (districsides.com)
  • B.-C. CXCL13 protein levels measured by ELISA in WT and Tg mice at different age (= 5-6 per group). (districsides.com)
  • D. Chemokine mRNA manifestation in the thymus of 2- to 3-month-old WT and Tg mice. (districsides.com)
  • Completely our results clearly confirmed the specific overexpression of CXCL13 in the thymus of Tg mice in the mRNA and protein levels. (districsides.com)
  • Thymic structure and cell populations in K5-CXCL13 Tg mice Compared to age-matched WT mice, K5-CXCL13 Tg mice did not show any variations in thymus excess weight (data not demonstrated). (districsides.com)
  • D-E) RT-PCR analysis of CD19 and CXCR5 mRNA manifestation in the thymus of WT (= 11) and Tg (= 5) mice. (districsides.com)
Metastasis2
  • Expression of this receptor in cancer cells has been linked to metastasis to tissues containing a high concentration of CXCL12, such as lungs, liver and bone marrow. (wikidoc.org)
  • 25 (19) : 9128-9140 CXC chemokine ligand-13 promotes metastasis via CXCR5-dependent signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. (genetex.com)
Cells21
  • Human B cells rapidly downregulate CXCR5 on encountering CXCL13, but recover CXCR5 expression in the CXCL13-low environment. (nih.gov)
  • and B cells exhibit CXCR5 receptors for chemokine CXCL13. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dendritic cells exhibit C-type lectin receptors (CLEC-2), which bind to gp38 on the surface of lymphatic endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This means immune cells may leave the lymph node along a chemokine gradient. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXCR5 plays a role in directing the migration of B and T cells to B cell follicles with the spleen and certain other lymphoid tissues. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CXCR5 is expressed on B cells, Tfh cells and, to a lower degree, some memory T cell populations. (thermofisher.com)
  • This approach revealed a markedly expanded population of PD-1 hi CXCR5 − CD4 + T cells in synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (nature.com)
  • Rather, using multidimensional cytometry, transcriptomics, and functional assays, we define a population of PD-1 hi CXCR5 − 'peripheral helper' T (T PH ) cells that express factors enabling B-cell help, including IL-21, CXCL13, ICOS, and MAF. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Expanded PD-1 hi CXCR5 − CD4 + T cells in joints and blood of patients with seropositive RA. (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: Synovial PD-1 hi CXCR5 − CD4 + T cells express factors associated with B-cell help. (nature.com)
  • Figure 3: High-dimensional analyses of PD-1 hi CXCR5 − and PD-1 hi CXCR5 + cells identify shared and distinct features. (nature.com)
  • Figure 4: PD-1 hi CXCR5 − CD4 + T cells promote plasma cell differentiation through IL-21 and SLAMF5 interactions. (nature.com)
  • 1. The pre-B-cell receptor provides an important signal that induces transition of pro-B cells to pre-B. (justaaa.com)
  • This means when the conversion process takes place changing the pro B-cells to pre B-cells, the receptor provides an important signal and it has that particular configuration which leads to the process of conversion. (justaaa.com)
  • Furthermore, this chemokine receptor plays a critical role in lymphocyte trafficking, in particular T cell migration into the B cell follicles of germinal centers in response to CXCL13, making CD185 an established marker of follicular helper T cells. (cytekbio.com)
  • Attracted cells move toward areas of higher concentrations of the chemokine. (biolegend.com)
  • Many inflammatory chemokines attract a wide variety of cells in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. (biolegend.com)
  • Upon sensing the inflammatory chemokine, cells will extravasate from the blood vessel and follow the gradient to its source. (biolegend.com)
  • In addition, chemokines regulate plethora of biological processes of hematopoietic cells to lead cellular activation, differentiation and survival. (genome.jp)
  • Open in a MEN1 separate window Number 2 Thymic structure and proportion of T and B cells in K5-CXCL13 Tg miceA. (districsides.com)
  • γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
Bind2
Neutrophils1
  • PF4 is chemotactic for neutrophils , fibroblasts and monocytes , and interacts with a splice variant of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 , known as CXCR3B. (wikidoc.org)
Inflammatory2
Biomarker1
  • CXCL13 is also a plasma biomarker for germinal center activity and generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV. (thermofisher.com)
Lymphoid1
  • CXCL13, also known as BCA-1 and Angie, is a small chemokine strongly expressed in the secondary lymphoid organs. (thermofisher.com)
THYMUS4
  • Specific chemokine receptors are often required to gain entry (or exit) from certain organs and tissues like the thymus and bone marrow. (biolegend.com)
  • Open in a separate window Number 1 Chemokine manifestation in the thymus of K5-CXCL13 SR 144528 Tg miceA. (districsides.com)
  • We also analyzed the mRNA manifestation level of CXCL13 in additional organs beside the thymus. (districsides.com)
  • As expected, we observed a strongly improved manifestation of CXCL13 in the thymus but also in salivary glands and an even higher manifestation in the skin (Supplemental Number S2). (districsides.com)
Cysteines3
  • Chemokines contain several (usually four) cysteines in conserved positions. (biolegend.com)
  • These cysteines provide tertiary structure for the chemokine through disulfide bonds. (biolegend.com)
  • The spacing between the first two cysteines determines the type of chemokine. (biolegend.com)
Burkitt's1
  • The cellular ligand for CXCL13 is CXCR5 also known as BLR-1 (Burkitt's Lymphoma Receptor 1). (thermofisher.com)
Antibody3
  • The 2G8 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the mouse C-X-C Chemokine Receptor type 5, CXCR5. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: CXCL13 Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # PA5-79105, RRID AB_2746221. (thermofisher.com)
  • Sample was blocked with 5% Non-fat Milk/TBS for 1.5 hours at room temperature, incubated with CXCL13 polyclonal antibody (Product # PA5-79105) at a dilution of 0.5 µg/mL (overnight at 4°C), followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antib. (thermofisher.com)
CD1852
  • Flow cytometric analysis of CD185 (CXCR5) expression on mouse splenocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • No. 553088) and Biotin Rat Anti-Mouse CD185 (CXCR5) (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Genes2
Expression1
  • ALOX5 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase: macrophages infected with Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus fumigatus or treated with Curdlan, a selective agonist of pattern recognition receptor for fungi Dectin-1, displays increased expression of ALOX5, ALOX15 and PTGS2 Karnam et al, 2015 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
Molecules2
  • The receptor N-terminus is external and contributes to ligand binding while the carboxy terminus (COOH) allows for interaction with signaling molecules and downstream signaling. (biolegend.com)
  • This chemokine is released from alpha-granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation, and promotes blood coagulation by moderating the effects of heparin -like molecules. (wikidoc.org)
Human2
  • Serum/plasma chemokine profiles, for that reason, have to be evaluated as a component of a more in depth network, both in research of human AML [39,40] and possibly also in research of other human ailments [41,42]. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Mature human BCA-1 shares 64% amino acid sequence similarity with the mouse protein and 23 - 34% amino acid sequence identity with other known CXC chemokines. (bio-techne.com)