Chemokine ccl4. Medical search. Frequent questions

Beyond this, atypical chemokine receptors also exist and most act as decoy receptors that compete for ligand binding but are unable to deliver normal chemokine receptor signals. (frontiersin.org)
Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 4 Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis. (cdc.gov)
Fractalkine also known as chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CX3CL1 gene . (wikidoc.org)
Chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 4 (CCL4)/ethylene dichloride (EDC) - Bartee v. Rochester Midland, 1987-1988, Box: 6, Folder: 2. (nih.gov)
C-C motif chemokine ligand 13 [Source:H. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4, also known as Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) is a CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 receptors and it is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T cells. (watson-int.cn)

Multiplex protein analysis showed expression of multiple M1-related cytokines such IFN-g, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and CCL7 significantly modulated in IL6-KO BKC treated mice compared to C57. (cdc.gov)
Various chemokines such as CXCR3 ligands (including CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) as well as CCL2, CCL4, CCL5 and CCL12, whose pleiotropic functions include recruitment and activation of macrophages, NK cells and DCs, were up-regulated early after RNActive ® treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
In corroboration with the microarray data, after injection of mRNA vaccine we observed a strong production of chemokines including CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 as well as proinflamatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a) at the site of injection. (biomedcentral.com)

Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic properties. (frontiersin.org)
Chemokines (from Ancient Greek χῠμείᾱ (khumeíā) 'alchemy', and κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsis) 'movement'), or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Although both can include a number of organic and inorganic substances, the most commonly researched inducers of chemotaxis are chemokines, or cytokines secreted by cells for the purpose of driving cellular movement and activation. (peprotech.com)
Chemokines, chemokine receptors, ligands , motif chemokines and cytokines are supplied by Cusabio in 1. (mip-1a.com)
At the end of behavioral testing, mice were sacrificed and brain tissue was collected for evaluation of AβPP, Aβ, and expression of cytokines and chemokines. (nih.gov)

It also induces secretion of chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL8, so has a clear role in monocyte migration and differentiation.2 There is some data that suggests aluminium salt is able to stimulate the inflammasome via Nlrp3, but not strongly enough to induce transcription of IL-1ß. (ivoryresearch.com)
ATG-018 significantly inhibited the expression of chemokine genes, especially CCL2, CCL3/L1 and CCL4. (bmj.com)
In in vivo assay, the inhibition of CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4 protein expression could still be observed in plasma from Balb/c mice orally treated with ATG-018. (bmj.com)
Conclusions In this study, we found the expression of chemokines, especially CCL2, CCL3/L1, and CCL4 are potential novel PD biomarkers of ATG-018, which could be detected in unmanipulated blood samples, and may guide dose and scheduling and support mechanism of action studies of both ATG-018 and other ATR inhibitors in clinic. (bmj.com)

For instance, a high pretreatment expression of chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 in DLBCL is associated with shorter PFS and OS in comparison with low CCL4/CCL3 expression. (medscape.com)
Polymerization of MIP-1 chemokine (CCL3 and CCL4) and clearance of MIP-1 by insulin-degrading enzyme. (uchicago.edu)

A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 RECEPTORS. (ouhsc.edu)
They are guided into the tumor through interactions between chemokines and their receptors. (frontiersin.org)
A variety of chemokine receptors are expressed on the surface of both tumor and immune cells rendering them sensitive to multiple stimuli that can subsequently influence their migration and function. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, particular chemokine receptors expressed on tumor and immune cells are strongly associated with patient prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, potential targeting of chemokine receptors is highly attractive as a means to quench or eliminate unconstrained tumor cell growth. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, overexpression of chemokine receptors on cancer cells facilitates tumor dissemination. (frontiersin.org)
Chemokine receptors and their corresponding ligands. (frontiersin.org)
Chemokine receptors (red) influence melanoma tumor cell migration/invasion or immune cell trafficking to the tumor lesions. (frontiersin.org)
Chemokines have been classified into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C and C. All of these proteins exert their biological effects by interacting with G protein-linked transmembrane receptors called chemokine receptors, that are selectively found on the surfaces of their target cells. (wikipedia.org)
Among other homeostatic chemokine receptors include: CCR9, CCR10, and CXCR5, which are important as part of the cell addresses for tissue-specific homing of leukocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, M2 related cytokine/chemokine receptors IL-4R and CCR1 were significantly dysregulated in IL-6KO BKC treated mice. (cdc.gov)

The chemokine receptor associated color code is conserved between Figures 1 , 2 . (frontiersin.org)
Their homeostatic function in homing is best exemplified by the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 (expressed within lymph nodes and on lymphatic endothelial cells) and their receptor CCR7 (expressed on cells destined for homing in cells to these organs). (wikipedia.org)
In order to further define the role of the TNFRI (p55) receptor in induction of profibrotic chemokines by low-dose silica/crystalline silica (50 micro g/50 micro l/mouse) or control diluent saline was instilled into the trachea of TNFRI gene ablated ((-/-)) and C57BL/6 (WT) control mice. (nih.gov)
Results: CCR5, the receptor for CCL4, was expressed in hCMEC/D3 cells. (ucl.ac.uk)
We selected most pathways CCL7 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)
[2] CX3CL1 elicits its adhesive and migratory functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 . (wikidoc.org)
The processed form MIP-1-beta(3-69) retains the abilities to induce down-modulation of surface expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5 and to inhibit the CCR5-mediated entry of HIV-1 in T-cells. (nih.gov)
atypical chemokine receptor 2 [Source:H. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Of these the chemokine receptor CCR5 ELR510444 is expressed on natural killer (NK) cells macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
CCR5 was the first chemokine receptor recognized to play a critical role in recovery from flavivirus encephalitis in a study that showed that absence of CCR5 prevented efficient leukocyte trafficking to the brain and viral clearance in mice infected with West Nile virus (WNV) [7]. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
By using CCR5-deficient mice we show within this scholarly study which the chemokine receptor can be an. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

In contrast, in systematic immunological studies, Lucas and colleagues found increases in various interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-1RA, and IL-15) and chemokines (CCL4, CXCL1, and CXCL10). (bioprepwatch.com)

Cytokine proteins are classified as chemokines according to behavior and structural characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
Murine MCP-3, also known as Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 3 or C-C Motif Chemokine 7, is a 97 amino acid cytokine protein expressed from the Ccl7 gene located on chromosome 11. (creativebiomart.net)
Fractalkine is a large cytokine protein of 373 amino acids, it contains multiple domains and is the only known member of the CX 3 C chemokine family. (wikidoc.org)

for example, CCL20 can act also as pro-inflammatory chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
Chen, X. Nguyen, Q., Wersto, R., and Weng, N-P. MicroRNA-125b modulates inflammatory chemokine CCL4 expression in immune cells and its reduction causes CCL4 increase with age . (nih.gov)
Together, these data demonstrated that miRNA125b is a negative regulator of CCL4 expression and suggested miRNA125b is partially responsible for the age-related increase of the inflammatory chemokine CCL4. (nih.gov)

We first analyzed the mRNA level of CCL4 in eight different types of immune cells including CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets (naïve, central and effector memory), B cells and monocytes in blood from both young (≤42 years) and old (≥70 years) adults. (nih.gov)
We observed that monocytes and naïve CD8 T cells expressed higher levels of CCL4 and exhibited an age-related increase in CCL4. (nih.gov)
We then found the level of miR-125b was inversely correlated with the level of CCL4 in these cells, and the level of miR-125b was reduced in monocytes and naïve CD8 T cells of the old compared to the young adults. (nih.gov)
Knock-down of miR-125b by shRNA in monocytes and naïve CD8 T cells led to an increase of CCL4 protein, whereas enhanced miR-125b expression by transfection in naïve CD8 T cells resulted in a reduction of the CCL4 mRNA and protein in response to stimulation. (nih.gov)
Inflammatory chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
Extended analysis of other types of immune cells (CD4 and CD8 subsets, B cells and monocytes) showed a general inverse correlation between CCL4 mRNA and miRNA125b amount. (nih.gov)
Finally, monocytes expressed the highest amount of CCL4 among the examined immune cells and had a significant increase of CCL4 mRNA and decrease of miR-125b in old (≥ 70 yrs) compared to the young (≤ 42 yrs) adults. (nih.gov)
Soluble CX3CL1 potently chemoattracts T cells and monocytes , while the cell-bound chemokine promotes strong adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelial cells, where it is primarily expressed. (wikidoc.org)
A CXC chemokine that is synthesized by activated MONOCYTES and NEUTROPHILS. (harvard.edu)

IkappaB kinase is a critical regulator of chemokine expression and lung inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus infection. (ouhsc.edu)
Chemokines are proteins that help leucocyte migration to sites of tissue damage, inflammation and proliferation. (medscape.com)

The MIP‑1 proteins are members of the beta (C-C) subfamily of chemokines. (rndsystems.com)
The three-dimensional structure of a member of the beta subfamily of chemokines, human macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (hMIP-1 beta), has been determined with the use of solution multidimensional heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (nih.gov)

Selected profibrotic chemokine mRNAs were quantified by ribonuclease protection assay, normalized to ribosomal protein L32 mRNA content and expressed relative to saline control treated lungs. (nih.gov)
CX3CL1 is produced as a long protein (with 373-amino acid in humans) with an extended mucin -like stalk and a chemokine domain on top. (wikidoc.org)

The distribution of junctional proteins was also altered in response to CCL4: junctional ZO-1 was reduced by circa 60% within 60 min. (ucl.ac.uk)

Moreover, the monomeric member of the intercrine beta (chemokine C-C) family tends to augment monocyte anti-tumor activity as well. (creativebiomart.net)
This provides a rational explanation for the absence of cross-binding and reactivity between the alpha and beta chemokine subfamilies. (nih.gov)
Analysis of hydrophobicity in the alpha and beta chemokine families and its relevance to dimerization. (nih.gov)

Here, we report the role of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) in regulating inflammatory CC chemokine 4 (CCL4) expression in human immune cells and its altered expression with aging. (nih.gov)
Immune cells are guided from the circulation to the tumor microenvironment by an evolutionarily conserved and sophisticated system in the form of the chemokine network. (frontiersin.org)
Background: During neuroinflammation many chemokines alter the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that regulates the entry of macromolecules and immune cells into the brain. (ucl.ac.uk)

In addition to being known for mediating chemotaxis, chemokines are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in mass and have four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape. (wikipedia.org)
Considering the significance of chemotaxis in cellular movement during a number of biological processes, including immune response and development, it is of no surprise that a relatively large amount of emphasis has been placed upon research concerning chemotaxis and, more specifically, the Chemokines functioning to direct cellular movement. (peprotech.com)

Our Dog C-C motif chemokine 4(CCL4) ELISA kit is a newly introduced small size of 24-wells plate plus the respective amounts of buffers, conjugates, substrates, etc. (mip-1a.com)
What makes the CCL4 elisa kit of 24 tests unuque is the fact that, despite its small size, it is extremely cost efficient. (mip-1a.com)
RayBio® Mouse Immunoquantitative (PCR-Based) MIP-1 beta (CCL4 ELISA Kit for cell culture supernatants, plasma, and serum samples. (raybiotech.com)

Recombinant CCL4 induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). (watson-int.cn)

However, the effect of CCL4 on BBB endothelial cells (ECs) is unknown. (ucl.ac.uk)

This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes. (ouhsc.edu)

Chemokines play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response through a tightly controlled expression. (nih.gov)
Inducible expression of inflammatory chemokines in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice: role of MIP-1alpha in lung pathology. (ouhsc.edu)
Materials and methods: Expression and distribution of CCR5, phosphorylated p38, F-actin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) were analysed in the human BBB EC line hCMEC/D3 by Western blot and/or immunofluorescence in the presence and absence of CCL4. (ucl.ac.uk)
Recently we identified high expression of miRNA125b and low expression of CC chemokine 4 (CCL4) in naïve CD8 T cells. (nih.gov)
Enhanced expression of miRNA125b in naïve CD8 T cells led to a reduced CCL4 in response to anti-CD3/28 stimulation. (nih.gov)
Expression of CCL4 was significantly downregulated after administration of ATG-018 compared with the control group. (bmj.com)

The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells. (wikipedia.org)

Some chemokines control cells of the immune system during processes of immune surveillance, such as directing lymphocytes to the lymph nodes so they can screen for invasion of pathogens by interacting with antigen-presenting cells residing in these tissues. (wikipedia.org)
The granulocytic cells are able to 'recruit' these lymphocytes by releasing a specific factor called chemokine CCL4. (news-medical.net)
Consistent with these changes, CCL4 induced hyperpermeability in vitro and in vivo and increased transmigration of lymphocytes across monolayers of hCMEC/D3 cells. (ucl.ac.uk)

Chemokine CXCL2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chemokine CXCL2" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Chemokine CXCL2" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Chemokine CXCL2" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)

there are three amino acids separating the initial pair of cysteines in CX3CL1, with none in CC chemokines and only one intervening amino acid in CXC chemokines . (wikidoc.org)
Furthermore, recombinant murine CCL4 contains 69 amino acids and it shares 77 % and 86 % a.a. sequence identity with human and rat CCL4. (watson-int.cn)

[3] Its gene is located on human chromosome 16 along with some CC chemokines known as CCL17 and CCL22 . (wikidoc.org)

In direct ELISAs, 100% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) CCL4/MIP-1 beta is observed. (rndsystems.com)

[ 61 ] Similarly, elevated chemokine levels denote worse outcomes in T-cell lymphomas and are a potential therapeutic target to design novel therapy. (medscape.com)
ELISA assays for MIP-1alpha and MIP-2 in homogenized lung tissue similarly demonstrated marked induction of both chemokines 24 h after silica treatment, which was persistent at 28 days in WT but not in TNFRI(-/-) mice. (nih.gov)

CCL4 stimulation led to phosphorylation of p38 and the formation of actin stress fibres, both indicative of intracellular chemokine signalling. (ucl.ac.uk)

Many chemokines are constantly expressed and participate in the maintenance of tissue integrity, while some chemokines are transiently overexpressed or specifically induced in certain conditions (i.e., during inflammatory processes) where they are involved in critical biological functions (i.e., immune cell migration, tissue repair, cell proliferation and angiogenesis) ( 10 , 13 , 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. (wikipedia.org)

C3a enhances nerve growth factor-induced NFAT activation and chemokine production in a human mast cell line, HMC-1. (ouhsc.edu)
[ 60 ] Elevated chemokine levels can sometimes be identified years before patients are diagnosed with lymphomas, and might represent a chronic immune activation facilitating lymphomagenesis in high-risk patients (e.g. (medscape.com)
In addition to playing a major role in the activation of host immune responses, chemokines are important for biological processes, including morphogenesis and wound healing, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of naïve CD8 T cells by anti-CD3/28 resulted in increased CCL4 and decreased miRNA125b. (nih.gov)

The RayBio ® Mouse MIP-1 beta (CCL4 IQELISA ™ Kit is a modified ELISA assay with high sensitivity qPCR readout for the quantitative measurement of Mouse MIP-1 beta (CCL4 in serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. (raybiotech.com)

Basal: homeostatic chemokines are basal produced in the thymus and lymphoid tissues. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy25

Organisms5

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs68

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Ligand6

CCL53

Cytokines5

CCL24

CCL3 and CCL42

RECEPTORS11

Receptor11

CXCL101

Cytokine3

Inflammatory chemokine3

MONOCYTES9

Inflammation2

Subfamily of chemokines2

Protein2

Proteins1

Beta-chemokine3

Immune cells3

Chemotaxis2

Elisa kit3

Induces1

Endothelial cells1

Genes1

Expression6

Chemoattractant1

Lymphocytes3

CXCL23

Amino2

CCL171

Recombinant1

Similarly2

Stimulation1

Tissue2

Activation4

Serum1

Thymus1