• A modern depiction of a molecule of benzene, the prototypical aromatic compound. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Many of the earliest-known examples of aromatic compounds, such as benzene and toluene , have distinctive pleasant smells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Detected substances in soil gas included low levels of some polyaromatic hydrocarbons and several common volatile organic chemicals including petroleum hydrocarbons, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), trimethylbenzenes, napthalene and chloroform. (cdc.gov)
  • Urine was analyzed for metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and breath was analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including benzene. (cdc.gov)
  • The samples were tested for 17 different organic contaminants, including benzene homology, chlorobenzene compounds, organophosphorous insecticides, and nitrogenbenzene compounds. (jenvoh.com)
  • The most widely utilized chemicals in China were Organo Phosphorous Pesticides (OPPs), nitrobenzene compounds, chlorobenzene compounds, and benzene homology, which resulted in widespread contamination in many environmental compartments [ 2 - 8 ]. (jenvoh.com)
  • Physical chemist Ralf Kaiser from the University of Hawaii and his colleagues conducted an experiment to see if frozen acetylene-a chemical compound used in welding-could be converted into complex organic molecules like the ones seen on Titan, specifically benzene and naphthalene. (gizmodo.com)
  • The new research shows that PAHs, including naphthalene and phenanthrene and its precursors benzene, phenylacetylene, and styrene, can be synthesized by irradiating frozen acetylene-a process that might be happening on Titan's surface and subsequently acting as "as a critical molecular feedstock to the organic dune material," the authors wrote in the study. (gizmodo.com)
  • Phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pyr) are two typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in contaminated soil. (eduhk.hk)
  • separately, and in combination, on the dissipation of spiked phenanthrene and pyrene (0, 50 + 50, 100 + 100, 200 + 200 mg kg - 1 ) in waterlogged soil were studied using pot trials. (edu.hk)
  • Phenanthrene and pyrene concentrations in roots ranged from 1-27 and 20-98 mg kg - 1 , respectively, while their concentrations in shoots were generally lower than 0.2 mg kg - 1 . (edu.hk)
  • This change was greatest for firefighters assigned to attack and search with 2.3, 5.6, 3.9, and 1.4-fold median increases in pyrene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, and fluorene metabolites. (cdc.gov)
  • Compared to interior attack, transitional attack resulted in 50% less uptake of pyrene (p = 0.09), 36% less uptake phenanthrene (p = 0.052), and 20% less uptake of fluorene (p (cdc.gov)
  • Transcriptome responses in copepods Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus exposed to phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene. (uib.no)
  • The sampling plan was designed to collect a broad range of volatile and semivolatile chemicals including petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, potential explosive degradation products and potential chemical warfare agent degradation products. (cdc.gov)
  • Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most concerning chemicals in the marine environment. (researchsquare.com)
  • It serves as a model compound when it comes to biodgradation study of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because it has both the Bay- and K-region found in most PAH pollutants. (scienceopen.com)
  • Phenanthrene is among the 16 priority polyaromatic hydrocarbons that pose threat to human health. (scienceopen.com)
  • Used mineral-based crankcase oil is a complex mixture of low and high (C15-C50) molecular weight aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, lubrication additives, metals, and various organic and inorganic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals that are released into the environment during activities of the petroleum industry. (researchgate.net)
  • Straight chain hydrocarbons were the least selected class of compounds with binding free energy ranging between −2.9 kcal/mol to −3.1 kcal/mol. (eeer.org)
  • The best binding free energies (−3.8 kcal/mol to −5.1 kcal/mol) were obtained with the poly-branched hydrocarbons and the cyclic compounds. (eeer.org)
  • Small bit of biochemistry here: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are some of chemicals that cause lung cancer in smokers. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)
  • This has been shown in published pathways of phenanthrene biodegradation implicating various intermediary metabolites, including 2,2-diphenic acid, which is a downline metabolite of 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene. (scienceopen.com)
  • Alexander, M. Rates of Dissolution and Biodegradation of Water-Insoluble Organic Compounds.Application Environmental Microbiology 52 (1986) 290-296. (aljest.net)
  • Bioremediation functions basically on biodegradation, which involves the complete mineralization of organic contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and cell protein [ 9 ]. (eeer.org)
  • The present study aims to examine, for the first time, the effect of temperature and CO2 pressure increase on bioaccumulation of phenanthrene as a PAHs model in four tissues, gills, digestive gland, muscle and mantle of a commercially important pearl oyster Pinctada radiata . (researchsquare.com)
  • PAHs are toxic, bioactive and carcinogenic, mutagenic and ubiquitous environmental compounds composed of 2-7 fused aromatic rings derived from pyrogenic, petrogenic and biogenic sources(Ke et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Reports from most studies have further stressed the fact that there is a paucity of data on PAH occurrence in many of Africa's environments and that there is a need to generate more data on PAHs in aquatic ecosystems in order to achieve a logical and reliable characterisation of these compounds. (scielo.org.za)
  • This adduct is derived from the covalent binding of (-)-1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxy-l, 2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzo[c]phenanthrene [(-)-anti-BPhDE] to N6 of dA6 in this duplex sequence. (psu.edu)
  • Anthracene is a colourless crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon utilised in the chemical industry that is created by distilling natural crude oils. (vedantu.com)
  • Magnesium anthracene is an organomagnesium compound that is almost always isolated as tetrahydrofuran (THF) adduct with three ligands. (vedantu.com)
  • This compound shows cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five tumor cell lines, i.e. (bvsalud.org)
  • Compound 5, 1,5,6-trimethoxy-2,7-dihydroxyphenanthrene, displayed the most significant cytotoxic effect against HeLa and Hep G2 cells, with an IC50 of 0.42 and 0.20 µM. (bvsalud.org)
  • In cytotoxic bioassays, compounds 1-5 were tested against three cancer cell lines: MCF-7, NCI-1299, and HepG2, with IC50 in the ranges of 22.1-85.4, 26.9-88.7, and 25.9-93.7 μM, respectively. (medworm.com)
  • Potent cytotoxic compounds bersaldegenin- 1, 3, 5-orthoacetate 7 and bufadien- olide-bryophyllin B 8 were isolated. (ijpsr.com)
  • Compounds possessing mirror symmetry are always optically inactive, such as, for example, cis - and trans -1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane derivatives, or symmetrically cis -1,2-disubstituted cyclohexanes (see also the 3D structures at 'Cycloalkanes' ). (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Other chemical constituents from this plant are bryophyllol, bryophollone, bryophollenone, bryophynol and two homologous phenanthrene derivatives 2(9-decenyl)-phenanthrene (I) and 2-(undecenyl)-phenanthrene (II) from leaves 9 . (ijpsr.com)
  • The straight-chain hydrocarbon derivatives containing carbonyl and hydroxyl groups formed the middle class of compounds selected by the enzyme with binding free energy ranging between − 3.3 kcal/mol to −3.7 kcal/mol. (eeer.org)
  • Experimental results indicate that for compounds such as naphthalene and acenaphthene, the solid-liquid reference fugacity ratio serves as a good indicator of the solubility limits in the NAPL phase. (stthomas.edu)
  • As reported here on the BBC Health website, a new U.S. NCI-funded study looks at how fast the body starts making carcinogenic compounds after inhaling cigarette smoke. (plasticsurgeryinflorida.com)
  • Phenanthrene (PHE), an important 3-ring component of crude oil and a representative from the US-EPA priority pollutant list, as a consequence of anthropological activities (US EPA, 2009 ), is one of the most abundant aquatic PAH. (researchsquare.com)
  • Phenanthrene is among the 16 priority pollutant and its mitigation in the environment has been a global concern. (scienceopen.com)
  • As a product of bacteria and fungi during phenanthrene degradation, 2,2-diphenic acid can serve as a dependable biomarker of phenanthrene metabolism in a polluted habitat, where microbial community exist freely. (scienceopen.com)
  • Thus, 2,2-diphenic acid can serve as a dependable biomarker of phenanthrene metabolism in an unrestricted polluted habitat. (scienceopen.com)
  • Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals (Drug Metab Dispos) Vol. 41 Issue 12 Pg. (curehunter.com)
  • Microbial degradation entails breaking down of chemical compound bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae in the course of utilizing such compound (phenanthrene for example) as their source of carbon and energy. (scienceopen.com)
  • Like other signatory metabolites, the 2,2-diphenic acid can be used as a metabolic biomarker of phenanthrene degradation, though it has not been commonly presented as one in published articles. (scienceopen.com)
  • Both metabolites produce phthalic acid and salicylic acid and are produced by bacteria and fungi during phenanthrene degradation. (scienceopen.com)
  • The first involves isolating pure cultures involved in the degradation of specific chemical compounds and characterising the genes and enzymes involved in the degradation pathway. (southalabama.edu)
  • Andrew Kellett is Associate Professor of Inorganic and Medicinal Chemistry in the School of Chemical Sciences at DCU, with a research group of 2 postdoctoral researchers and 13 PhD students that are based in the NICB and Nano-Bioanalytical Research Facility (NRF). (nicb.ie)
  • This property led to the term "aromatic" for this class of compounds, and hence to "aromaticity" being the eventually discovered electronic property of them. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Exposure to a potential fetal health hazard can be estimated through ecological assessment (e.g., testing the community water supply), questionnaires (e.g., classifying residents accord- ing to whether they drink bottled or tap water), or biological markers (e.g., testing for exposures to chemicals or solvents found in tap water). (cdc.gov)
  • It is recommended that all exposures to these compounds be reduced to the lowest possible levels (ACGIH, 2019). (cdc.gov)
  • Akay, Ayse Eken, Bugra Soykut regulatory instrument to protect workers' health from adverse effects of chemical exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • In the course of degrading phenanthrene, certain pathways are followed and characterized by various intermediary metabolites. (scienceopen.com)
  • The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. (mcw.edu)
  • In the same press release, Matthew Abplanalp, a co-author of the study, said "unraveling the origin and chemical pathways to form this organic dune material is vital not only to understand Titan's chemical evolution, but also to grasp how alike the chemistries on Titan and on Earth might have been like before life emerged on Earth 3.5 million years ago. (gizmodo.com)
  • The low concentrations of chemicals detected in the soil gas would not be high enough to significantly impact indoor air. (cdc.gov)
  • Cirrhopetalanthrin is a dimeric phenanthrene derivative from Cirrhopetalum maculosum. (wikipedia.org)
  • But terpenes and benzenoid substances do have a chemical characteristic in common, namely higher unsaturation indexes than many aliphatic compounds , and Hofmann may not have been making a distinction between the two categories. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • A general approach to the synthesis of phenanthrenoid compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dehydrojuncuenin B is a phenanthrenoid compound, which can be isolated from the underground parts of Juncus setchuenensis. (medchemexpress.com)
  • With over 700 chemicals identified, anthraquinone is the biggest group of natural pigments. (vedantu.com)
  • Neither structure is an adequate representation of the actual compound, and the double-headed arrow indicates that the molecule is best represented by a hybrid (average) of these two structures. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • It has unique chemicals not found in other orchids, including the complex molecule phenanthro(4,3-b)furan. (scentopia-singapore.com)
  • Nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants that are chemical mixtures often contain compounds that are solids in their pure states. (stthomas.edu)
  • For phenanthrene, the solids that form when this compound exceeds its solubility limit are solid solutions that consistently include large portions of 2‐methylnaphthalene. (stthomas.edu)
  • and then heated this chemically converted product to the point of sublimation (when solids turn directly into gas) for chemical analysis. (gizmodo.com)
  • The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) asked the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to review indoor air and soil gas sampling data to determine if exposure to chemical substances detected in indoor air posed an immediate or long-term health hazard to residents occupying a home at 4625 Rockwood Parkway, Spring Valley. (cdc.gov)
  • The dissipation of phenanthrene was mainly due to abiotic loss as 70-78% phenanthrene was lost from the control soil at the end of 80 days, while removal of 86-87% phenanthrene had been achieved after 40 days in the treatment co-cultivated with Acinetobacter sp. (edu.hk)
  • The plant also contains other medicinal compounds including effusol, juncusin and juncusol. (plantmedicines.org)
  • 1989). The lubrication additives, which are approximately 20% of the oil, consist primarily of zinc diaryl, molybdenum disulfide, zinc dithiophosphate, metal soaps, and other organometallic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The samples were intended to identify chemical contaminants that a building occupant might be exposed to from breathing indoor air and identify if further focused indoor air sampling was warranted. (cdc.gov)
  • The results of the target chemical detection rate revealed that typical organic contaminants have been prevalent in the Huaihe River basin's source water. (jenvoh.com)
  • Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • 3] [4]) is a biologically active organic compound with four fused rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration. (sylvasbeauty.com)
  • These compounds occur naturally in plants, although they can also be synthesized. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the time since cannabis prohibition, a lot has been discovered with regards to the chemical constituents of the cannabis plant and their pharmacology. (grecc.org)
  • The chemical composition of used mineral-based crankcase oil varies widely and depends on the original crude oil, the processes used during refining, the efficiency and type of engine the oil is lubricating, the gasoline combustion products, the additives added to the fuel and to the original oil, and the length of time that the oil remains in the engine. (cdc.gov)
  • The study was aimed to validate the claim of the efficient use of this organism in crude oil remediation and to determine the selectivity of the compounds in the crude by this bacterium enzyme. (eeer.org)
  • The compounds in the studied crude oil sample were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (eeer.org)
  • The amounts of the poly-branched and cyclic compounds in the crude oil sample suggested that cysteine dioxygenase of B. subtilis would show about 28 % efficiency in the bioremediation of environments polluted by crude oil of this composition. (eeer.org)
  • Use of chemical dispersants changes the relative importance of these processes, affecting the fate of the oil, and altering subsequent ecological effects. (nationalacademies.org)
  • These mechanisms are reviewed briefly in the first two sections of this chapter, with a focus on how transport and fate influence the subsurface concentration of oil, and how the composition and concentration of surface and entrained oil droplets can be expected to vary with and without application of chemical dispersants. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Application of chemical dispersants can temporarily affect this spreading through the phenomenon of herding. (nationalacademies.org)
  • UVCB Project Description, UVCB substances Characterisation, chemical representation and modeling.URL address: https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13628/uvcb_modelling_methodology_en.pdf/30ce55e1-e6f5-450e-8b7e-c02ddbf705a5. (aljest.net)
  • The amounts of the 17 chemicals in the fifty-one source water samples were all fewer than the Chinese surface water quality standard's standard limit levels. (jenvoh.com)
  • Furthermore, the rise in industrial activities, especially those that use secondary compounds and high amounts of water in their processes, has increased the concentration in water sources of pollutants, such as metals, radioactive materials, halogenated compounds, persistent organic pollutants, and bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals, such as pesticides. (ncsu.edu)
  • From the Rush plant, the researchers extracted a natural compound known as dehydroeffusol. (plantmedicines.org)
  • They are extracted from complex mixtures obtained by the refining of oil or by distillation of coal tar, and are used to produce a range of important chemicals and polymers, including styrene, phenol , aniline , polyester , and nylon . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • This often involves the synthesis of a library, or large collection, of lead compounds, designed around a specific scaffold, which are anticipated to have the desired biological activity. (nicb.ie)
  • The library of compounds is then assayed for biological activity, e.g. for antibacterial activity. (nicb.ie)
  • Chemical Synthesis is an area of research in Chemistry that focuses on the development of new preparative/synthetic reaction methodologies for accessing molecules of interest. (nicb.ie)
  • Enzymatic Synthesis of Chemical Nuclease Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotides with Gene-Silencing Applications. (nicb.ie)
  • In the environment, weathering processes cause shifts in multicomponent NAPL composition, thereby enriching the NAPL in the less soluble compounds which may result in their eventual solidification. (stthomas.edu)
  • Biochar's chemical composition varies depending on the feedstocks used to make it and methods used to heat it. (mn.us)
  • S pilled oil is transported, and its composition and character altered, by a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes ( Figure 4-1 ). (nationalacademies.org)
  • These molecules are named plicatol A, B and C. Nudol is a phenanthrene from the orchids Eulophia nuda, Eria carinata and Eria stricta. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phenanthridine is a nitrogen heterocyclic compound that is the basis of DNA-binding fluorescent dyes through intercalation. (chemchart.com)
  • Here we review the clearness that until now, there is uncertainty about the link between biodegradability and the solubility of chemicals. (aljest.net)
  • Therefore, this analysis confirms the statement of the category of scientists who consider the weak Biodegradability-Solubility relationship.Reliability test techniques can be revolutionary in terms of gaining time when executing biodegradability tests and can also be used while dealing with UVCB substances.This is the first attempt to apply state of art reliability test to study the environmental fate of chemicals in general and UVCB substances in particular. (aljest.net)
  • This progression followed the established model of western medicine in which individual chemical constituents of plants historically used in medicine are isolated and then developed into proprietary medications. (grecc.org)
  • Steroids: ( stēr'oydz, ster- ), A large family of chemical substances, comprising many hormones, body constituents, and drugs, each containing the tetracyclic cyclopenta[ a ]phenanthrene skeleton. (sylvasbeauty.com)
  • 2,2-diphenic acid mounts equivalent position to 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, metabolite that ends the phenanthrene metabolic pathway. (scienceopen.com)
  • The 2,2-diphenic acid is equivalent in position to 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, which terminates the phenanthrene upper metabolic pathway. (scienceopen.com)
  • Mycobacteria present in the water (21) can likely grow on the organic compounds in metalworking fluids in the Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in absence of competitors after disinfection. (cdc.gov)
  • The chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive 1D, 2D NMR, and EIMS analyses. (medworm.com)
  • Developing novel materials and device architectures to further enhance the efficiency of polymer solar cells requires a fundamental understanding of the impact of chemical structures on photovoltaic properties. (uni-potsdam.de)
  • MDL Chime is required to view the '3D' chemical structures. (neurotransmitter.net)
  • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a class of harmful compounds that are resistant to natural biological. (researchgate.net)
  • In chemical biology, we apply small to medium sized molecules produced through our synthetic methods, to the study and modulation of biological systems, e.g. the study of nucleoside analogues and antisense oligonucleotides in nucleic acid therapy for the modulation of protein production (and resulting treatment of disease). (nicb.ie)
  • S123 low-molecular compounds as zinc dialkyldithiophos- are important for health hazard evaluation in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to an identified source of contamination (such as a underground waste disposal site), many chemicals routinely detected in indoor air originate from common sources including cleaning chemicals, gasoline, cosmetics, perfumes, paints, air fresheners, dry cleaning, cigarette smoke, and cooking byproducts. (cdc.gov)