Chemical compound or molecule. Medical search. Frequent questions

With this Dynamics workshop, our goal is to bring together leading experts in the field of membrane dynamics, with a particular focus on neutrons and X-rays, but also complementary techniques including NMR, single molecule spectroscopy and computer modeling. (lu.se)
The Single Molecule Spectroscopy group focuses on understanding fundamental processes involving energy/charge transfer in predominantly organic material for photovoltaics. (lu.se)

The properties of elements and compounds are determined by their structures. (hawaii.edu)
What is the relationship between atoms elements and compounds? (answers.com)
What are the differences in atoms in elements and compounds? (answers.com)

Our approach successfully demonstrates the use of genetic interaction networks in the high-throughput functional annotation of compounds to biological processes. (nih.gov)
Powerful tools allow for high-throughput production of molecules with specified traits, built from xenonucleic acid molecules like TNA. (nanowerk.com)
High-throughput automated methods help researchers screen for small molecules which can be a starting point (or lead compound) for a new drug. (beckman.com)
As the American Chemical Society 's Mark Lesney glibly wrote back in 2002: "A large enough library with the right high-throughput screening assay promised the ultimate brute-force method for obtaining bioactive compounds without biologists and organic chemists getting in the way. (drugdiscoverynews.com)

Chemical properties include the specific ways that atoms and molecules react and the energy that they release or use in these reactions. (hawaii.edu)
Okay, so maybe puns aren't part of the chemistry curriculum, but issues of matter, nuclear structure, and yes, chemical reactions certainly are. (testprepreview.com)
Laboratory experiments cover important reactions of biochemical compounds. (ccp.edu)
RNA is also capable of acting as an enzyme and may have catalyzed important chemical reactions leading eventually to the first cellular life. (nanowerk.com)
Small molecules are synthesized by chemical reactions between different organic/inorganic compounds. (beckman.com)

Simply burning these materials as a low-value energy source is wasting opportunities for wealth creation: while the energy value of bark is in the range of 10-20 € per ton, its value as growth substrate is more than tenfold, and as a source of bioactive molecules for high value-added products in medicine, cosmetics, industrial chemicals, or plant protection products, the potential value is several orders of magnitude greater. (europa.eu)

Combining his passions for marine chemistry and music, an MIT-WHOI Joint Program student converts data into songs that reveal the chemical nuances of the ocean. (whoi.edu)
It's a significant step forward in the pursuit to harvest the full potential of the Sun - and the improved molecule was designed by Anders Bo Skov, a 25 year old Master of Chemistry student at the University of Copenhagen. (cosmosmagazine.com)
The branch of chemistry concerned with compounds of carbon. (oxfordreference.com)
In organic chemistry, compounds in which carbon atoms bond to one another by single covalent bonds only, never by more reactive double or triple chemical bonds. (oxfordreference.com)
One of the first divisions, according to classes of compounds, was into organic and inorganic chemistry. (degruyter.com)
But just as it had originally been the case in other fields of synthetic chemistry, such as molecular or solid state chemistry, the outcome of such a deposition with respect to the structure of the individual molecule or the structural arrangement of many molecules is very hard to predict without prior experimental input. (degruyter.com)
The discovery of fullerene molecules and related carbon structures such as nanotubes has sparked a surge in chemistry, physics, and materials research. (wikicfp.com)
I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
In the 25 years from 1981 to 2006, they suggest, only one de-novo compound arising from combinatorial chemistry achieved regulatory approval, that being Bayer 's antitumor compound sorafenib. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Though the pharmaceutical industry has expended a considerable amount of resources to both HTS and combinatorial chemistry overall, of the 1,184 new chemical entities covering all diseases/countries/sources between the years 1981 to 2006, 30 percent were found to be synthetic," they wrote. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
The course integrates organic, physical, theoretical chemistry, and biochemistry to describe how a given drug molecule can interact with a disease-relevant target biomolecule, as well as how drug molecules can be chemically optimized with respect to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties. (lu.se)

Atoms of elements combine to form molecules, which can be molecular compounds, and atoms of elements can combine to form ionic compounds, as well. (answers.com)
1 molecules and molecular compounds, chemical graphs are frequently used. (wikicfp.com)

Compounds are made of two or more atoms of different elements, such as water (H 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ). (hawaii.edu)
Compounds are composed of two or more atoms of different elements. (answers.com)

Carbon is the basis for thousands of compounds, such as fats , proteins, and nucleic acids (including DNA) that sustain us. (discovery.com)
Scientists speculate that a 50-50 mixture of left and right amino acids would most likely not be of biological origin, but if the sample is composed of mostly one or the other, that could indicate living organisms aggregated those molecules in their proteins. (extremetech.com)

Oxygen and hydrogen bond with carbon to form the organic compounds that are the basis for all life on Earth. (discovery.com)
A "molecular graph" is described as a carbon molecule with a valence of four and a maximum degree of four. (wikicfp.com)
There are four copper atoms in the middle of each molecule, surrounded by carbon and phosphorus atoms. (sciencedaily.com)
A PFAS molecule contains a chain of carbon and fluorine atoms. (ept.ca)
The chemical bond between carbon and fluorine is one of the strongest naturally occurring bonds. (ept.ca)
Since the carbon-fluorine bond is strong and persistent, these chemicals do not break down when they are inevitably released into the environment. (ept.ca)
Adsorption Coefficient (Koc) -- The ratio of the amount of a chemical adsorbed per unit weight of organic carbon in the soil or sediment to the concentration of the chemical in solution at equilibrium. (cdc.gov)
Cinacalcet did not pass the criteria of greater than 60% of the theoretical carbon dioxide production that would indicate a readily biodegradable compound within the 10-day test duration. (janusinfo.se)

In conclusion, this study first investigated the chemical composition and potential pharmacological effects of the main chemical compounds in QZC, which will contribute to the revelation of bioactive compounds in QZC and provide evidence for clinical application. (hindawi.com)
Chemical Composition, Bonding, and Structure. (testprepreview.com)
The controller rejected the amended claim 1 for violating the provisions of Section 59 as the claim directed to a compound would be broader than a claim directed to a composition containing said compound, that the present application was a national phase application, and original claims were drafted in compliance with US patent practice. (managingip.com)
The 'effective atomic number' is calculated from the composition and atomic numbers of a compound or mixture. (cdc.gov)
We also explored the predicted SOA composition using two product classification methods, the first assuming the molecule is dominated by one functionality according to its name, and the second accounting for the fractional weighting of each functional group within a molecule. (cdc.gov)

While feasible for few and small systems, conformational scans of larger subsets of chemical compound space remain computationally prohibitive. (nature.com)
also found that a small molecule drug called PF74 causes the capsid to crack open rapidly, but the remaining shell is then stabilized against further disassembly. (elifesciences.org)
Small organic molecules can alter the degradation rates of the magnesium alloy ZE41. (researchgate.net)
Small molecule drugs are the foundation of classic drive development. (beckman.com)
Then, they try to design small molecules that behave like the natural one. (livescience.com)
The remainder were smaller chemical compounds ranging from classical small molecules to macrocyclics. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Discovery pipelines have been horribly inefficient, and if you look at the major pharmas, what they're doing typically is dismantling that industrial framework and moving much more toward either internal-focused discovery with very small discovery units-and that's certainly how GSK's done it-or partnering with academic units or highly creative companies like Ambrx to bring forward those creative molecules as rational drug design from different disciplines converges," he adds. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
The biomass raw material consists of a large number of different chemical compounds - both small molecules and large (macro)molecules. (lu.se)
Biological pharmaceuticals are presented, discussed, and compared with small organic molecules from a drug perspective. (lu.se)
The goal of this initiative is to support research aimed at (1) identification of targets and pathways by which transcriptional activity of HIV can be suppressed in HIV reservoirs including the CNS in people with SUD, and (2) application of emerging small molecule drug discovery approaches to identify novel compounds that can be utilized as pharmacological probes and as drugs to suppress HIV transcription in people with HIV-SUD comorbidity. (cdc.gov)

TNA is resistant to nuclease degradation, making it an ideal molecule for many therapeutic and diagnostic applications," Chaput says. (nanowerk.com)
Chemists interested in exploring molecules with therapeutic potential can access libraries that contain thousands of chemical compounds. (livescience.com)
With an eye to filling those drying pipelines with an endless supply of potentially therapeutic compounds, companies heavily invested in ways to randomly generate tens of thousands of "drug-like" compounds from the chemical building blocks of known drugs (see sidebar, "Leaving Lipinski? (drugdiscoverynews.com)

While Macrophen and Double Macrophen were the most active substances among polyamino-phenolic ligands, dendrimers were overall twofold more effective than all other compounds with a reduction up to 85 and 73% of legionella and multi-species biofilms, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
Alchemical studies produced a number of substances, which were later classified as particular chemical compounds or mixtures of compounds. (wikipedia.org)
At present, most studies of QZC focus on its clinical applications with few analytical studies on its chemical compounds, causing poorly clarified chemical substances. (hindawi.com)
In the US, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has implemented the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to regulate chemicals on the American market. (ept.ca)
The European Chemicals Agency ( ECHA ) tracks certain PFAS substances under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. (ept.ca)
These profiles were specifically prepared by ATSDR for hazardous substances which are most commonly found at facilities on the CERCLA National Priorities List (Superfund sites) and are intended to describe the effects of exposure from chemicals at these sites. (cdc.gov)

The HybriScan test system for wastewater analysis is based on the detection of microorganism-specific target molecules with a special catcher and detection probe, resulting in a sandwich hybridisation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Elements can be made of one atom, like He, or be elemental molecules, such as hydrogen (H 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), chlorine (Cl 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), and sulfur (S 8 ). (hawaii.edu)
Hydrogen (H 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), and chlorine (Cl 2 ) molecules, for example, each contains two atoms. (hawaii.edu)
Analytical testing at each step is required to monitor key chemical parameters like nitrogen compounds, phosphates, and chlorine. (sigmaaldrich.com)

One of the most promising approaches is a so-called "chemical laptop" being developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). (extremetech.com)

Exploiting implicit correlations among relaxed structures in training data sets, our machine learning model Graph-To-Structure (G2S) generalizes across compound space in order to infer interatomic distances for out-of-sample compounds, effectively enabling the direct reconstruction of coordinates, and thereby bypassing the conventional energy optimization task. (nature.com)
But we are still far away from an unbiased structure prediction of thermodynamically and/or kinetically stable structures of molecules on surfaces. (degruyter.com)

Nitrogen is also found in many organic molecules including DNA and amino acids. (discovery.com)

To create a drug that will interact with a protein target in the desired way, chemists typically start with a computerized structural model of the protein bound to a natural molecule that "unlocks" a biological action. (livescience.com)
Itami is the director of the Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM) at Nagoya University, where chemists and biologists work side by side to develop molecules that could help solve pressing problems in agriculture. (acs.org)

In particular, we investigate the impacts of using different methods to estimate compound vapour pressures as well as simulating the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) via auto-oxidation on SOA formation indoors. (cdc.gov)

and biochemical and organic compounds. (testprepreview.com)

Usually, one still employs classical chemical synthesis techniques to reach such nano-patterned compounds. (degruyter.com)

A type of chemical bond formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another, so that oppositely charged ions are produced. (oxfordreference.com)
A measure of the number of other ions in a chemical element that can be combined with a particular atom. (oxfordreference.com)
Ions are atoms, collections of atoms, or molecules containing a positive or negative electric charge. (cdc.gov)

To systematically identify these interactions, an array of mutants is challenged with a compound and monitored for fitness defects, generating a chemical-genetic interaction profile that provides a quantitative, unbiased description of the cellular function(s) perturbed by the compound. (nih.gov)
Topological indices, which are integers related to molecular graphs of chemical compounds, are used in quantitative structure-property relation ships (QSPR). (wikicfp.com)

The chemical complexity of DNA has convinced most biologists that it almost certainly did not arise spontaneously from the prebiotic soup existing early in earth's history. (nanowerk.com)

A compound in which coordinate bonds are formed (see chemical bond). (oxfordreference.com)
This allows them to form bonds with molecules to which conventional DNA would not normally bind and to influence their function. (scitechdaily.com)

enables researchers to measure how molecules produced by host cells interact with the viral capsid, a structure that is fundamental for the virus to establish an infection. (elifesciences.org)
Despite TNA's chemical distinctiveness, it is similar enough to DNA and RNA to be able to interact with these familiar molecules and exchange information. (nanowerk.com)
An element of this atomic number would interact with photons in the same way as the compound or mixture. (cdc.gov)

The absence of structural and chemical flaws at a large length scale (e.g. 1-10 microns) along the tube axes is referred to as high qual ity. (wikicfp.com)

Research results, which recently appeared in the Journal of the American Chemical Society ( 'An Efficient and Faithful in Vitro Replication System for Threose Nucleic Acid' ), demonstrate that DNA sequences can be transcribed into a molecule known as TNA and reverse transcribed back into DNA, with the aid of commercially available enzymes. (nanowerk.com)
Points to possible applications for TNA and other unusual nucleic acid molecules (known as xenonucleic acids or XNAs) in molecular medicine. (nanowerk.com)

Inside the laptop is a microchip capable of separating out amino acids and fatty acids -- this is what the chemical laptop is looking for. (extremetech.com)
The chemical laptop is going deeper than just detecting the presence of amino acids. (extremetech.com)

We developed a method, called CG-TARGET (Chemical Genetic Translation via A Reference Genetic nETwork), that integrates large-scale chemical-genetic interaction screening data with a genetic interaction network to predict the biological processes perturbed by compounds. (nih.gov)
While any other regressor, such as deep neural networks and alike might work just as well, we rely for simplicity on kernel ridge regression (KRR) for G2S in order to predict all elements in the pairwise distance matrix of a single atomic configuration of an out-of-sample molecule or solid. (nature.com)
The design of future materials for biotechnological applications via deposition of molecules on surfaces will require not only exquisite control of the deposition procedure, but of equal importance will be our ability to predict the shapes and stability of individual molecules on various surfaces. (degruyter.com)
Furthermore, one will need to be able to predict the structure patterns generated during the self-organization of whole layers of (bio)molecules on the surface. (degruyter.com)
A precondition for such a way to produce new compounds is the ability to predict and control the formation of molecular arrangements on well-defined surfaces. (degruyter.com)
By capturing additional details of a protein's shape, they can better understand, identify and predict how a potential drug molecule would bind. (livescience.com)
The scientists used information about thousands of other chemical compounds to predict the drugs' binding to unintended targets - and potential side effects - about half of the time, which represents a big step forward. (livescience.com)

Accessibility of compound libraries. (who.int)

the smallest part of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. (oxfordreference.com)
the smallest particle of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction. (cdc.gov)

Chemical-genetic interactions-observed when the treatment of mutant cells with chemical compounds reveals unexpected phenotypes-contain rich functional information linking compounds to their cellular modes of action. (nih.gov)
Genetic interactions, obtained from genome-wide double-mutant screens, provide a key for interpreting the functional information contained in chemical-genetic interaction profiles. (nih.gov)
Despite the utility of this approach, integrative analyses of genetic and chemical-genetic interaction networks have not been systematically evaluated. (nih.gov)
In a recent publication, we applied CG-TARGET to a screen of nearly 14,000 chemical compounds in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, integrating this dataset with the global S. cerevisiae genetic interaction network to prioritize over 1500 compounds with high-confidence biological process predictions for further study. (nih.gov)
Additional investigation of the compatibility of chemical-genetic and genetic interaction profiles revealed that one-third of observed chemical-genetic interactions contributed to the highest-confidence biological process predictions and that negative chemical-genetic interactions overwhelmingly formed the basis of these predictions. (nih.gov)
Genetic chemical compounds. (genomicgenetics.com)
John Chaput, a researcher at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute has been hunting for a biological Rosetta Stone-an enzyme allowing DNA's 4-letter language to be written into a simpler (and potentially more ancient) molecule that may have existed as a genetic pathway to DNA and RNA in the prebiotic world. (nanowerk.com)
According to one hypothesis, the simpler RNA molecule may at one time have held dominion as the sole transmitter of the genetic code. (nanowerk.com)

Map3k12 ) as a key molecule controlling the maladaptive pathways that lead to pain following injury. (elifesciences.org)

Inheritance of Single-Gene Disorders Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or code for functional RNA molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

The number of electrons and protons in an atom determines its chemical properties. (hawaii.edu)
Our quizzes shed light on the process of identifying active compounds, optimizing drug properties, and ensuring safety and efficacy. (proprofs.com)
A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns. (oxfordreference.com)
This comprises a qualitative assessment of the available substance-specific data on physico-chemical and toxicological properties according to the Chapter R.7c Guidance document (ECHA, 2017). (europa.eu)
While the topology of a molecule, as represented by the molecular graph, is essentially a non-numerical mathematical object, the measurable properties of molecules are frequently molecular topology. (wikicfp.com)
The compound's quantum chemical properties make it possible to achieve a high light yield. (sciencedaily.com)
Artemisinin is the key chemical compound used in the preparation of several important active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs) exhibiting anti-malarial properties, including artemether and artesunate. (who.int)
The Time Resolved Spectroscopy group studies dynamic processes in materials and chemical compounds by probing the properties of the system after excitation. (lu.se)
Based on these data and the physical-chemical properties described in Table 3 (se Fass-texten red. (janusinfo.se)

Just as vital is the oxygen gas molecule O2. (discovery.com)
Water Online spoke with us about advances in measuring chemical oxygen demand. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Fluorine occurs in ionic forms, or combined with other chemicals in minerals like fluorspar, fluorapatite, and cryolite, and other compounds. (cdc.gov)

What is an atom is it a molecule an element or a compound? (answers.com)

Compounds contain atoms of two or more elements chemically combined. (answers.com)

Here are a few examples of how computation is contributing to many aspects of the drug discovery process, including identifying promising compounds for further testing in the lab and in clinical trials. (livescience.com)

Adsorption Ratio (Kd) -- The amount of a chemical adsorbed by a sediment or soil (i.e., the solid phase) divided by the amount of chemical in the solution phase, which is in equilibrium with the solid phase, at a fixed solid/solution ratio. (cdc.gov)

The sunlight activates the protoporphyrin molecules, which damage the surrounding tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

But RNA is still a complex molecule and the search for a simpler precursor that may have acted as a stepping-stone to the RNA, DNA and protein system that exists today has been intense. (nanowerk.com)
information on the sites of manufacture sufficient information on the preparation, control and stability of non-plant-derived-artemisinin commencing from simpler molecules, to allow the API manufacturer to determine and justify its their control of this material. (who.int)

Electrostatic forces hold atoms together in molecules-like the two hydrogen atoms held together in H2 gas. (hawaii.edu)

A chemical bond in which the electrons forming the bond remain between (or close to) the linked atoms. (oxfordreference.com)
A molecule in which there is a polarized distribution of positive and negative charges due to an uneven distribution of electrons. (oxfordreference.com)

Copper is a relatively inexpensive metal, and the compound itself can be easily produced in large quantities -- ideal preconditions for use over large extensive surfaces. (sciencedaily.com)

which identifies a molecule found in host cells that stabilizes the capsid of HIV. (elifesciences.org)

A valence bond formed by a shared electron between the atoms in a covalent compound. (oxfordreference.com)

The C6ST-1 enzyme modifies molecules called chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, which are abundant in cartilage and give this tissue its rubbery, gel-like consistency. (medlineplus.gov)
The C6ST-1 enzyme carries out a process known as sulfation, in which a chemical group called a sulfate is transferred from one chemical compound to another. (medlineplus.gov)
Specifically, the enzyme takes sulfate from a molecule called 3'-phosphoadenyl-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and adds it to a specific location on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. (medlineplus.gov)

Our body's chemical and physical make-up and the way it functions are incredibly complex . (discovery.com)
Researchers have long suspected that the Martian surface is packed full of oxidizing compounds, which could make it difficult for complex molecules like organic chemicals - the building blocks of life as we know it - to exist. (space.com)
It's a destructive process that can tear up complex molecules like DNA, which is why people need antioxidants as part of a balanced diet. (space.com)
The quaternary treatment removes particularly difficult emergent pollutants, like pharmaceutical compounds or other complex molecules. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cellulose and hemicellulose are carbohydrates (although variously modified in hemicellulose), while lignin is a complex macromolecule composed of short aromatic molecules. (lu.se)
For complex ionizable molecules, such as cinacalcet, it may be more relevant to use log D ow at pH 7. (janusinfo.se)

Besides, all these compounds were proven to have potential pharmacological activity in the treatment of RA based on network pharmacology analysis. (hindawi.com)

and polar and nonpolar molecules. (testprepreview.com)
Polar molecules are likely to be soluble in water. (oxfordreference.com)

Some minerals actually don't form without a little help from microscopic organisms, using chemical processes that scientists are only beginning to reveal. (whoi.edu)

The tertiary treatment utilizes a combination of chemical and biological processes to reduce nutrient loading in the wastewater. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms11

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science13

Health Care4

Single molecule spectroscopy2

Elements and compounds3

High-throughput4

Reactions5

Bioactive molecules1

Chemistry11

Molecular compounds2

Atoms of different elements2

Proteins2

Carbon8

Composition5

Small10

Therapeutic3

Substances6

Target molecules1

Chlorine3

Approaches1

Structures2

Nitrogen1

Chemists2

Vapour1

Biochemical1

Synthesis1

Ions3

Quantitative2

Biologists1

Bonds2

Interact3

Structural1

Nucleic2

Amino acids2

Predict7

Libraries1

Reaction2

Genetic8

Pathways1

Functional1

Properties9

Oxygen2

Ionic1

Atom1

Chemically1

Drug discovery1

Equilibrium1

Sunlight1

Simpler2

Hydrogen1

Electrons2

Quantities1

Identifies1

Valence1

Enzyme3

Complex6

Pharmacological1

Polar2

Organisms1

Biological processes1