• Mitotic chromosomal instability - the inability to faithfully segregate equal chromosome complements to two daughter cells during mitosis - is a widespread phenomenon in solid tumours that is thought to serve as the fuel for tumorigenic progression. (researchgate.net)
  • The advent of molecularly targeted drug discovery has facilitated the identification of a new generation of anti-mitotic therapies that target proteins with specific functions in mitosis. (researchgate.net)
  • The exquisite selectivity for mitosis and the distinct ways in which these new agents interfere with mitosis provides the potential to not only overcome certain limitations of current tubulin-targeted anti-mitotic drugs, but to expand the scope of clinical efficacy that those drugs have established. (researchgate.net)
  • 282, 32053-32064), a key regulator of mitosis, suggesting a possible role for hMDC1 in controlling normal cell cycle progression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis 6 . (nature.com)
  • Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. (nature.com)
  • In yeast and Drosophila, Cdh1-dependent APC (Cdh1-APC) activity targets mitotic cyclins from the end of mitosis to the G 1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In yeast and Drosophila, Cdh1-dependent APC (Cdh1-APC) activity targets mitotic cyclins from the end of mitosis to the G1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The mitotic inducer nim1+ functions in a regulatory network of protein kinase homologs controlling the initiation of mitosis. (wikidata.org)
  • This event is required to promote mitotic progression and favors the activation of a transcriptional program required for mitosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The G 2 gap phase further separates S-phase from mitosis, allowing for continued cell growth and maturation before cell division. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, the products of chromosome replication (sister chromatids) generated during S-phase must be identified over time until mitosis when sisters associate with the mitotic spindle and segregate away from each other into the newly forming daughter cells. (rupress.org)
  • During mitosis, a spindle checkpoint detects chromosome misalignment and halts the cell cycle progression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This is controlled by the mitotic spindle checkpoint complex which operates as a feedback-response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The components that are essential for the spindle assembly checkpoint in yeast have been determined to be Bub1, Bub3, Mad1, Mad2, Mad3, and the increasingly important Mps1 (a protein kinase). (wikipedia.org)
  • It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, CENP-E is required for enhancing recruitment of its binding partner BubR1 to each unattached kinetochore and for stimulating BubR1 kinase activity, implicating it as an essential amplifier of a basal mitotic checkpoint signal. (rupress.org)
  • The oncogenic kinase PLK1 controls cell cycle and growth and is a cancer therapeutic target. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in rapidly dividing normal cells and is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including Group 3 medulloblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • The role of phosphorylation and the CDC28 protein kinase in cell cycle-regulated nuclear import of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor SWI5. (wikidata.org)
  • β-TrCP- and Casein Kinase II-Mediated Degradation of Cyclin F Controls Timely Mitotic Progression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ATM is a cell cycle checkpoint kinase and is important in the DNA damage response. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • The mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is a key regulator of the Spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures the correct chromosome segregation. (lu.se)
  • As one of the checkpoint proteins, Bub3 delays the irreversible onset of anaphase through direction of kinetochore localization during prometaphase to achieve biorientation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bub3 is a crucial component in the formation of the mitotic spindle assembly complex, which forms a complex with other important proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
  • I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Another conclusion from most of the cases is that animals or cells haploinsufficient for the specified proteins have higher transformation rates after DNA damage is induced, but when their DNA is not significantly damaged by exogenous sources, tumor development rates are the same as for their wild-type counterparts. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated by Western blotting. (researchsquare.com)
  • The precise regulation of the levels of cyclin proteins is fundamental to coordinate cell division with checkpoints, avoiding genome instability. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The role of cell cycle checkpoint proteins is to integrate internal and external factors to determine whether the cell is prepared for progression of the cell cycle. (ptgcn.com)
  • The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is controlled by proteins in the cytoplasm. (ptgcn.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases and tumor suppressor proteins are stimulators and modulators of cell division. (ptgcn.com)
  • The key role of checkpoint proteins is to detect DNA damage and send a signal to delay cell cycle advance until the damaged chromosomes are repaired (Figure 1). (ptgcn.com)
  • Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
  • Can sequestering of mitotic spindle proteins cause aneuploidy? (ku.dk)
  • Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) regulates mitotic progression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)
  • Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
  • Mitotic clustering facilitates the reassembly of acentric fragments into rearranged chromosomes lacking the extensive DNA copy-number losses that are characteristic of canonical chromothripsis. (nature.com)
  • In certain types of cells, chromosomes do not line up at the metaphase plate and instead move back and forth between the poles randomly, only roughly lining up along the midline. (cikgunaza.com)
  • Interactions of the meiotic spindle with mitotic chromosomes in GV mouse oocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This research employed a unique model in the mouse, mitotic chromosomes transferred to meiotic cytoplasts to investigate whether a meiotic oocyte's microtubule apparatus can effectively separate mitotic metaphase chromosomes, and whether a spindle checkpoint exists during its division. (ox.ac.uk)
  • When mitotic chromosomes were transferred into enucleated or intact mouse GV oocytes, the first bipolar meiotic spindles were established and the reconstructed oocytes were able to extrude polar bodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The data indicate that a spindle checkpoint, providing surveillance of misaligned chromosomes, was overridden or compromised by the incompatibility between somatic chromosomes and meiotic spindles during the first meiotic division. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the chromosomes lead to mutations that may be passed forward to every new cell produced from an abnormal cell. (openstax.org)
  • However, the most important role of the G 2 checkpoint is to ensure that all of the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged. (openstax.org)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In support of a role for hMDC1 in controlling mitotic progression, depletion of hMDC1 by small interfering RNA results in a metaphase arrest that appears to be independent of both BubR1-dependent signaling pathways and ATM/ATR activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A cell in late metaphase. (cikgunaza.com)
  • The intact germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, enucleated GV cytoplasts, and enucleated GV cytoplasts at 15 h in-vitro maturation were transferred with a metaphase fibroblast cell. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Constitutive targeting of Tem1 to the spindle pole body (SPB) in metaphase cells. (ucsd.edu)
  • These checkpoints occur near the end of G 1 , at the G 2 /M transition, and during metaphase ( Figure 10.10 ). (openstax.org)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In particular we are interested in regulatory pathways that drive cell division and in surveillance mechanisms, also known as checkpoint pathways, that stop cell cycle progression when cellular components malfunction or become damaged. (unt.edu)
  • P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • Several pathways involved in cell cycle and DNA repair were affected upon NV651 treatment. (lu.se)
  • However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G 1 , resulting in abrogation of G 1 , arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27 Kipl . (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G1, resulting in abrogation of G1, arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27Kipl. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BUB3 forms a complex with BUB1 (BUB1/BUB3 complex) to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) as soon as the spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another function of BUB3 is to promote correct kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachments when the spindle-assembly checkpoint is active. (wikipedia.org)
  • If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
  • Tumour cells acquire the ability to proliferate uncontrollably, resist apoptosis, sustain angiogenesis and evade immune surveillance. (researchgate.net)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to determine if VALD-3 induced apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and Annexin V/PI staining was performed to quantify the percentages of apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • CMB is comprised of more than 30 independent research groups organized in three themes: Cell Biology, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology and Infection and Cancer. (ki.se)
  • The central aim of the research within the Cell Biology theme is to gain a deeper understanding of the biology of the eukaryotic cell. (ki.se)
  • Thus the theme encloses expertise within bioinformatics, biophysics, biochemistry, molecular cell biology and genetics. (ki.se)
  • The stem cell and developmental biology program at CMB is engaged in a broad range of basic research aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying diverse aspects of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. (ki.se)
  • Basic genetic and molecular biology methodologies are combined with complementary bioinformatic and genome-wide approaches, allowing investigation global molecular changes in cells in various differentiation processes. (ki.se)
  • Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BUB3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The key interests lie within the field of genome integrity and variation, cell division, regulation of gene expression, protein turnover and signal transduction. (ki.se)
  • Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is an essential mitotic kinesin that is required for efficient, stable microtubule capture at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
  • I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Mitotic cells lacking hMDC1 exhibit markedly reduced levels of APC/C activity characterized by reduced levels of Cdc20, and a failure of Cdc20 to bind the APC/C and CREB-binding protein. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The mitotic reorganization of the Golgi is accompanied by a temporary block in Golgi functioning, as protein transport in and out of the Golgi stops. (biologists.com)
  • In tem1Δ cells expressing a Cnm67-Tem1 fusion protein, Cdc15-3HA (red) loads pr. (ucsd.edu)
  • As at the G 1 checkpoint, cell size and protein reserves are assessed. (openstax.org)
  • In addition to adequate reserves and cell size, there is a check for genomic DNA damage at the G 1 checkpoint. (openstax.org)
  • Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, we found that Cdh1 -1- cells fail to maintain DNA damage-induced G 2 arrest and that Cdh1-APC is activated by X-irradiation-induced DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)
  • After kinetochore attachment is complete, the spindle checkpoint complexes (including the BubR1-Bub3) experience a decrease in concentration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unattached or tensionless kinetochores activate the checkpoint and enhance the production of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) consisting of BubR1, Bub3, Mad2, and Cdc20. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
  • We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)
  • The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)
  • Through detailed characterization of fundamental molecular mechanisms of normal and perturbed cells, the theme strives to unravel information that increases the understanding of various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. (ki.se)
  • In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
  • In mammalian cells the inactivation of these surveillance mechanisms can lead to cancer. (unt.edu)
  • In the course of my postdoctoral work I came to appreciate the beauty and sophistication of the intricate regulatory mechanisms that drive cell cycle progression in general, and chromosome segregation in particular, and I decided to continue this line of research in my own lab. (unt.edu)
  • Its apparent dispensability in the spindle checkpoint might be due to functional duality or redundant, competing mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The timing of events in the cell cycle is controlled by mechanisms that are both internal and external to the cell. (openstax.org)
  • Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infected individuals remain as asymptomatic carriers (ACs) or can develop the chronic neurological disorder HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) or the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and the immunological mechanisms involved in this pathologies need to be elucidated. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • After the error is corrected, the cell will proceed to anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
  • MCC is a critical checkpoint inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/ cyclosome, a ubiquitin ligase required for anaphase onset. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here we identify two critical motifs within BubR1M that contribute to Cdc20 binding and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome inhibition: a destruction box (D box) and a phenylalanine-containing motif termed the Phe box.ABubR1 mutant lacking these motifs is defective in MCC maintenance in mitotic human cells but is capable of supporting spindle-checkpoint function. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Inactivation of CIP2A-TOPBP1 caused acentric fragments to disperse throughout the mitotic cytoplasm, stochastically partition into the nucleus of both daughter cells and aberrantly misaccumulate as cytoplasmic DNA. (nature.com)
  • The period of the cell cycle when CELLS divide their nucleus and cytoplasm. (bvsalud.org)
  • 13 Genome Plasticity and B Cell, University of Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cancer Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. (jci.org)
  • Main focus: Cell cycle regulation in budding yeast. (unt.edu)
  • My lab works on cell cycle regulation in budding yeast. (unt.edu)
  • cdc25+ functions as an inducer in the mitotic control of fission yeast. (wikidata.org)
  • The G 1 checkpoint, also called the restriction point (in yeast), is a point at which the cell irreversibly commits to the cell division process. (openstax.org)
  • For correct segregation of the cells it is necessary for all mitotic spindles to attach correctly to the kinetochore of each chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a number of animal species, MZT roughly coincides with the mid-blastula transition (MBT) [ 20 ] when cells become motile and divide asynchronously. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CiErk1/2 also induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (CiMMP2/9/13) in the oocyte, resulting in collagen degradation in the outer follicular cell layer and liberation of fertile oocytes from the ovary. (elifesciences.org)
  • A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression of a cell to the next stage in the cycle can be halted until conditions are favorable. (openstax.org)
  • VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)
  • Proper chromosome duplication is assessed at the G 2 checkpoint. (openstax.org)
  • Cdh1 was dispensable for viability and cell cycle progression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The combination of NV651 and cisplatin, a DNA damage reagent, resulted in a synergistic effect in cell viability, and a significant increase on cell death in HCC cell lines. (lu.se)
  • The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • Attachment of each kinetochore to a spindle fiber is assessed at the M checkpoint. (openstax.org)
  • Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
  • Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
  • Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
  • When fast-dividing mammalian cells are grown in culture (outside the body under optimal growing conditions), the length of the cycle is about 24 hours. (openstax.org)
  • Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
  • Human mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (hMDC1) is an essential component of the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recent studies have examined the consequences of epigenetic marks and cell cycle control, which has led to more research regarding cell division cancer, emphasizing the fact that the cell division process requires accurate checkpoints to avoid genetic damage. (ptgcn.com)
  • The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
  • Form 4 Animal Cell & Plant Cell Being Multicellular Breathing Under Water Cell Division Cell Structure & Organisation Cla. (cikgunaza.com)
  • Golgi fragmentation is a highly regulated process that allows division of the Golgi complex between the two daughter cells. (biologists.com)
  • A lack of HGH can inhibit cell division, resulting in dwarfism, whereas too much HGH can result in gigantism. (openstax.org)
  • Crowding of cells can also inhibit cell division. (openstax.org)
  • The G 1 checkpoint determines whether all conditions are favorable for cell division to proceed. (openstax.org)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • A short-term position at Oxford Brookes just after my PhD allowed me to expand my expertise to ER and Golgi as well as acquiring skills in live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Our group has previously demonstrated the involvement of the alternatively spliced variants ERK1c and MEK1b (ERK1 is also known as MAPK3, and MEK1 as MAP2K1) in mitotic Golgi fragmentation. (biologists.com)
  • 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
  • By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. (researchsquare.com)
  • We performed cell-level multi-omics sequencing on human HNSCC samples to decipher the multi-dimensional characteristics of Tex cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • In humans, the frequency of cell turnover ranges from a few hours in early embryonic development, to an average of two to five days for epithelial cells, and to an entire human lifetime spent in G 0 by specialized cells, such as cortical neurons or cardiac muscle cells. (openstax.org)
  • In rapidly dividing human cells with a 24-hour cell cycle, the G 1 phase lasts approximately nine hours, the S phase lasts 10 hours, the G 2 phase lasts about four and one-half hours, and the M phase lasts approximately one-half hour. (openstax.org)
  • An event may be as simple as the death of a nearby cell or as sweeping as the release of growth-promoting hormones, such as human growth hormone (HGH). (openstax.org)
  • Recently, it has been demonstrated that induced or naturally developed IgG repertoires obtained from different groups of donors, grouped by immune status, can modulate human T and B cell functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we aimed to evaluate if the IgG obtained from HTLV-1-infected ACs, HAM/TSP, and ATLL patients can differentially modulate the production of cytokines by human T and B cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Small RNAs (sRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of essential biological processes associated with the development and progression of leukemias, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), an oncogenic human retrovirus originally discovered in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropic spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an insidiously progressive spinal cord disease for which there is no effective treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes severe diseases, such as aggressive cancer or progressive neurological disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • NV556 treatment in an in vitro 3D human liver Extracellular Matrix (ECM) cultured with a TGFβ1-activated human hepatic stellate cell line led to decreased collagen production. (lu.se)
  • This technologic and biologic revolution continued through the 1960s to today, and the explosion in technology has fueled the current expansion of knowledge into the working of the human cell. (medscape.com)
  • The phenomenon of field cancerization (the existence of histologically abnormal tissue beyond a neoplastic area that predisposes to tumour formation) was described in the 1950s on the basis of analyses of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). (researchgate.net)
  • Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The G 2 checkpoint bars entry into the mitotic phase if certain conditions are not met. (openstax.org)
  • This research aims at characterizing molecules and signals involved in controlling the undifferentiated state and self-renewal capacity of stem cells, and to develop methods to direct the differentiation of stem cells into clinically relevant cell types. (ki.se)
  • To investigate the function of Cdh1 in vertebrate cells, we generated clones of chicken DT40 cells disrupted in their Cdh1 loci. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Checkpoint systems allow the accurate execution of each cell-cycle phase. (ox.ac.uk)
  • There is also variation in the time that a cell spends in each phase of the cell cycle. (openstax.org)
  • Moving forward from this initiation point, every parameter required during each cell cycle phase must be met or the cycle cannot progress. (openstax.org)
  • A cell that does not meet all the requirements will not be allowed to progress into the S phase. (openstax.org)
  • Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
  • Targeting the cell cycle has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment with special interest in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
  • Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)
  • The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
  • However, in most cases, these patterns of chromothripsis differed from those in cancer genomes as the rearrangements were largely restricted to a single daughter cell and lacked the canonical oscillations in DNA copy-number states 2 . (nature.com)
  • Mitotic clustering drives the unequal inheritance of acentric fragments by a single daughter cell, providing an explanation for the origins of distinct patterns of chromothripsis found across diverse cancer types and congenital disorders. (nature.com)
  • The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)