• Early-onset disease may be characterized by rapidly progressive neurodegenerative changes, including seizures, cognitive impairment, and brief, "shock-like" muscle spasms of certain muscles or muscle groups (myoclonus). (suffernomore.com)
  • Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD), also known as dopa-responsive dystonia or as hereditary progressive dystonia with diurnal variation (HPD), is an inherited dystonia typically presenting in the first decade of life (although it may present in the second to early third decades, or even later). (medscape.com)