Characteristics study examines indicators of human capital accumulation. Medical search. Frequent questions

To address the likely endogeneity of government assistance, we instrument for extra-normal spending using disparities in pre-existing national political characteristics. (frbsf.org)

Economic growth is perhaps the most studied subject in economics literature. (conicyt.cl)
My dissertation covers three loosely related topics in health and education economics that focus on examining factors that may affect children's and young adults' health capital and human capital accumulation. (temple.edu)
2 [email protected] PhD in Labour Economics, LEST-CNRS UMR 6123, 35 avenues Jules Ferry, 13626 Aix en Provence Cedex, Université de la Méditerranée. (pdfhall.com)
And the best known application of the idea of `Human Capital' in economics revolves around the work of Mincer, Schultz and Gary Becker of the Chicago school, Becker's book entitled Human Capital published in 1964 became a standard reference for many years. (com.ng)
Exploring Economics, an open-access e-learning platform, giving you the opportunity to discover & study a variety of economic theories, topics, and methods. (exploring-economics.org)
Costas Lapavitsas is Professor of Economics at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. (monthlyreview.org)

Thus, gender inequalities in education, health, social, economic, and political activities have the potential to negatively influence capital accumulation, technological development, productivity, and institutional development which are the main factors underlying economic growth and development ( Ferrant, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (HIVDR) can negatively impact the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART). (cdc.gov)

In general, most studies focus on the macroeconomic effect of FDI or, in the case of microeconomic analysis, the approach is more oriented towards productivity and technology diffusion. (springer.com)
This study belongs to the group of studies that examines the impact of FDI on firm outcomes other than productivity. (springer.com)
Despite geographic proximity, similar climate, and other shared characteristics, gains in productivity, and income differed significantly among the countries. (worldbank.org)
The authors find that factor accumulation played an important role in output growth, and that accumulations from policy-driven investments in human capital, and public infrastructure, were important sources of productivity gains. (worldbank.org)
Studies have shown that the effects of human capital that received higher education, on individual performance, total productivity, technological progress, economic growth, and international trade, are significantly greater than the human capital which received secondary education and basic education [ 14 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
We develop a model in which firms with idiosyncratic productivity can borrow from two types of banks-local or national-to finance working capital. (frbsf.org)
Human capital covers a broad range of concepts but the most essential feature is increased productivity through investing in employees, it can mean education acquired from elementary school level, training of basic reading and writing skills, to job training, both of general and specific skills. (com.ng)
This chapter provides a snapshot of Thailand's competitive edge, with a focus on the four pillars targeted under the Thailand 4.0 vision: productivity, innovation, human resources and area-based development. (oecd-ilibrary.org)

The DEF seminar series 2022/2023 was organised in collaboration with the project "Individual Behaviour and Economic Performance: Methodological Challenges and Institutional Context" (IBEP) [ www.taltech.ee/en/ibep ], which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 952574. (taltech.ee)

This study provides a foundation for evaluating SNP calling pipelines and developing best practices for future fungal genomic studies. (cdc.gov)

Its purpose was to determine the situation regarding potential opportunities for the implementation of legally guaranteed rights for children with disabilities and members of their families and the relevant practices and to study the urgent problems in the wartime. (constantcontact.com)
Concrete Lifelong Learning practices vary according to the societal characteristics of the countries in question (e.g. educational system, institutions, labour markets, etc. (pdfhall.com)

examined, while practical experience inspired new theoretical solutions. (researchgate.net)
In the framework of savings accumulation, I examine the impact of an increase in German earnings whose theoretical impact on the return migration decision is ambiguous. (uni-muenchen.de)

This result is further substantiated when we make use of the panel aspects of the data to study child health outcomes of arrival of younger siblings at later parities. (temple.edu)
In this paper I test the capital accumulation conjecture that is used to rationalize return migration decisions in the context of immigrants in Germany and examine how labor market outcomes influence return migration decisions, with particular attention to selection in these outcomes in return migration. (uni-muenchen.de)
This paper studies differences in health care usage and health outcomes between low- and high-income individuals. (stlouisfed.org)
The public decision-making process governing the issue of casino gambling tends to lead to wrong outcomes, and the studies typically provided to justify the phenomenon are conceptually flawed. (researchgate.net)

In this study we broadly describe the characteristics of poverty in Poland and compare it to poverty in the United States. (scirp.org)
Human Capital is similar to "physical means of production" (example factories and machineries) one can invest in human capital (via education, training and medical treatment) and Nakamura (1981) also defines human capital broadly as labor skills, managerial skills and entrepreneurial and innovative abilities plus such physical attributes as health and strength. (com.ng)

Seeking to describe what true economic development is, this study establishes the framework for a valid cost-benefit analysis to assess whether it actually occurs and its methods can be applied to the casino industry in America. (researchgate.net)

First, an indispensable contribution to the current understanding of racial stratification is an examination of wealth, distinct from labor-market indicators, which this paper offers. (nationalacademies.org)
Thus, a wealth perspective provides a fresh way to examine the "playing field. (nationalacademies.org)
Rising income inequalities were exacerbated as Poland's economy grew and private ownership expanded, leading to wealth accumulation and newly established foreign, as well as private, firms, which often paid premium wages for selected skills. (scirp.org)
We find similar results when we study the share of financial wealth that is invested in stocks. (lu.se)

The authors quantify these differences, and examine their determinants. (worldbank.org)
Using time series data spanning three decades, the authors examine the determinants of sectoral migration in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. (worldbank.org)
For this reason, determinants of sovereign risk have been widely studied before. (flar.com)
In our recent study, " An Explained Extreme Gradient Boosting Approach for Identifying the Time-Varying Determinants of Sovereign Risk ", to be published as FLAR working paper in the coming days, we study the determinants of sovereign risk (5 and 10 years), measured by government-bond yield spreads, using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoots) [1] . (flar.com)
While only a limited number of variables emerge as consistent determinants across the entire period, they align with conventional indicators of sovereign risk. (flar.com)
To distinguish between genetic and environmental determinants of risky financial behavior, the literature has focused on twins studies.4 Cesarini et al. (lu.se)

Encouraging some consistency in measurement across studies will potentially accelerate the efficiency with which citizen science participatory research provides new insights into and solutions to the behaviorally-based public health issues that drive most of morbidity and mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike previous inquiries, the present study employs an on-line method using the Reaction Time measurement, in addition to the measurement of response frequencies. (mpi.nl)
SES is cators have discussed in detail the including examples of indicators and conceptualized through indicators strengths and weaknesses of the dif- notes on their interpretation, in Table or measures col ected at the indi- ferent approaches to measurement 4.1. (who.int)

To do so, poverty in Poland and the United States is presented in terms of selected general, shared characteristics and particularly vulnerable societal groups. (scirp.org)
While the characteristics and causes of poverty are diverse and often country specific, however, there are some basic commonalities generally shared by the poor across countries, as they tend to belong to similar societal groups. (scirp.org)

This paper takes LE as the research object and selects nine economic and environmental indicators with various impacts on LE. (mdpi.com)

Physical health capital determines survival probabilities, whereas preventive health capital governs the endogenous distribution of shocks to physical health capital, thereby controlling the life expectancy. (stlouisfed.org)

Self-Selection, Earnings, and Out-Migration: A Longitudinal Study of Immigrants to Germany. (uni-muenchen.de)
The expansion of the scale of education, development of healthy environment, growth of GDP, development of skill training, and population migration could reduce the input of creative human capital and promote the technical efficiency, while development of trade and institutional change, on the contrary, would block the input of creative human capital and the promotion the technical efficiency. (hindawi.com)
Application in migration studies. (lu.se)
4.2.1 Human capital and social capital in migration studies. (lu.se)

Focusing on excess body weight indicators as children's health outcome of interest, we examine the effects of exogenous variations in family size generated by twin births and parental preference for mixed sex composition of their children. (temple.edu)

Since American economist Schultz put forward Human Capital Theory in 1960s, the Human Capital Theory and its impact on social and economic development are one of the hot research issues for specialists and scholars at home and aboard. (hindawi.com)
Based on a dataset of economic and environmental indicators of 20 countries from 2004 to 2016, our research uses the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to evaluate the correlation coefficients between the indicators, and we use multiple regression models to measure the impact of each indicator on LE. (mdpi.com)
This paper examines 12 economic simulation models that estimate the impact of Brexit (Britain's exit from the European Union). (ciaonet.org)
Based on this latest model, they explain the likely economic impact of Brexit on a wide range of macroeconomic variables, namely GDP, wages, private consumption, capital remuneration, aggregate exports, aggregate imports, and the consumer price index. (ciaonet.org)
For human capital to actually have any impact on economic growth some investment has to be made. (com.ng)
This project examines the impact of human capital on economic growth in Nigeria from 1980-2006. (com.ng)

This study provides a comparative approach to assess the state of Polish poverty. (scirp.org)
Comparative studies of poverty are difficult because poverty in Africa, Europe or the United States poses very different realities for those living there. (scirp.org)

The differences among education investment, health investment, and family economic income invariably tend to raise up the differences of human capital stock directly [ 12 , 13 ], while the differences of human capital will lead to the differences of their effects. (hindawi.com)
According to the differences of human capital stock, human capital can be divided into general human capital, professional human capital, and creative human capital. (hindawi.com)

Furthermore, research on gamblers' consumption and balance sheets in a broad context sheds light on gambling's welfare effects, of which previous studies have examined certain aspects but not in a systematic way using a comprehensive data source. (federalreserve.gov)
The inflow of international capital as FDI can have direct and indirect effects on firms of the host country (Girma et al. (springer.com)
In this study, we use matched mother-child data from the National Longitudinal Surveys to study the effects of family size on child health. (temple.edu)
Specifically, the study uses rich panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the Children of the NLSY79 (NLSY79-child), coupled with a sibling fixed-effects model to address omitted variable bias attributable to unobserved family characteristics. (temple.edu)
The study findings suggest that the results from the OLS models have been driven by unobserved family effects, because the significance of the results disappear for the sibling fixed-effects models. (temple.edu)
Yet, the technical efficiency of creative human capital and its effects are still under research. (hindawi.com)
The research also examines environmental variables' marked effects on the technical efficiency, and it shows that different environmental variables differ in the aspect of their own effects. (hindawi.com)
While several recent influential studies suggest anti-poverty programs have larger human capital effects per dollar spent than do even the best educational interventions, identification is a challenge because most transfer programs are entitlements. (nationalaffairs.com)
We overcome that problem by studying the effects on children of a generous transfer program that is heavily rationed - means-tested housing assistance. (nationalaffairs.com)
Estimated effects are mostly statistically insignificant and always much smaller than those from recent studies of cash transfers, and are smaller on a per dollar basis than the best educational interventions. (nationalaffairs.com)
Most of the studies find adverse effects for the United Kingdom (UK) and the EU-27. (ciaonet.org)
This study examines the effects of prosodic boundaries, lexical stress, and phrasal accent on the acoustic realization of stops (/t, d/) in Dutch, with special attention paid to language-specificity in the phonetics-prosody interface. (mpi.nl)

I am interested in how item responses collected via test or survey are leveraged to inform our understanding of human behavior (typically in the context of students or patients). (stanford.edu)

As a "live" capital form, human capital, with its creativity and innovation, has greater value and development potential in the aspects of optimizing allocation of resources or speeding up the economic development and promoting the social progress. (hindawi.com)
It further examines Thailand's innovation readiness and skills development. (oecd-ilibrary.org)

The research results indicate that, in this period, the entirety of creative human capital in China and the technical efficiency value in different regions and different provinces is still in the low level and could be promoted. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, our main interest would be to characterize the main efficiency problems caused by the characteristics of such institutions and to design specific measures of policy intervention and regulations that may overcome these shortcomings. (csic.es)

By using a statistical model to account for declining individual-level immunity, this study aimed to quantify the fraction of the population that is susceptible to monkeypox and plot the growth of this population during 1970-2018. (cdc.gov)

Several papers examine this topic through different approaches. (flar.com)

This study analyzes the influence of education level and economic freedom on gender inequality in emerging markets over the 2000-2020 term through causality and cointegration tests. (frontiersin.org)
2014). Several panding on these reviews, we sum- social theories of Weber and Marx comprehensive reviews of SES indi- marize individual indicators of SES, (Lynch and Kaplan, 2000). (who.int)

We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first comprehensive study of the consumption and personal finance of gamblers using a nationwide representative household survey. (federalreserve.gov)
It is generally accepted that human capital is a reflection of the quality of labor capital, and human capital consists of economic value of knowledge, technology, ability, and healthy quality which condenses on laborers [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human capital usually has greater appreciation of space than material capital and other production factors, especially in the postindustry era and in the stage of rapid economic knowledge development. (hindawi.com)
Schultz claimed that the contribution to economic growth from the improvement of human capital such as human's knowledge or ability and health is more important than the increase of material force and the number of labor [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
The general human capital contains social average knowledge stock and the ability of analysis, computing ability, learning ability, and adaptability, and the corresponding social role is the division of ordinary workers. (hindawi.com)
Professional human capital has a special professional knowledge and professional ability, which generally accepts special professional knowledge through formal education or on-the-job training. (hindawi.com)
The rapid creation and production of new technologies poses challenges to the accumulation and acquisition of knowledge. (pdfhall.com)
Human capital refers to a conscious and continuous process of acquiring requisite knowledge, education, skills and experiences that are crucial for the rapid economic growth of a country (Harbison 1973, Salleh 1992). (com.ng)
The results of the analysis show that the difficulties that Ukrainian refugees face in their new country are related to both a lack of human capital--such as knowledge of the language, education, and work experience--and a lack of social capital--such as connections to the local population and Ukrainian communities. (lu.se)

Brain drain and Human Capital Formation in Developing Countries. (repec.org)
2013 ). For instance, countries that do not have enough stock of human capital to manage the technology transfers, do not obtain the highest returns of FDI, hence, cannot necessarily achieve higher growth rates. (springer.com)
That the sample contains immigrants from four different source countries allows me to utilize the variation in the source country characteristics as well as the time variation in them to identify the parameters of interest. (uni-muenchen.de)
While poverty exists in all the countries, its extent, depth and characteristics differ greatly. (scirp.org)
Countries with lower gender inequality generally have lower human development when GII figures and human development levels of the countries are together considered. (frontiersin.org)
Ferrant (2015) also suggested gender inequality is a significant determinant of economic and human development and found that gender inequality decreased human development by 4.6% in 109 countries mainly driven by gender inequalities in family, education and access to economic activities. (frontiersin.org)
We will also study social conflict and the design of political institutions, the conditions under which checks and balances spread, making systems (countries) robust to economic and political crisis. (csic.es)
The characteristics of contemporary political marketplace governance systems are particularly pronounced in these countries, but they are not the only variant. (lse.ac.uk)
There was an increase in research on the topic since 2011, and most of the studies were from Latin American countries, mainly in Brazil. (bvsalud.org)

Through capital accumulation, FDI encourages the adoption of new inputs and technologies in the production function of the recipient economy. (springer.com)

Previous studies have explored the association inequality, but no study has evaluated the inequalities of temperature-attributable burdens, which may be more meaningful for reducing temperature-related regional inequality. (bvsalud.org)

Generally, the formation of human capital mainly depends on the input of education, health and income, and so forth [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
We examine the factors that contribute to early state formation and long-run economic development. (csic.es)

We develop hypotheses linking founders' backgrounds to pre-entry capabilities associated with entrepreneurial human capital, highlighting the cases of spin-offs and habitual entrepreneurs. (repec.org)

For most, income is a quintessential labor-market outcome indicator. (nationalacademies.org)

A lot of researches show that human capital is playing a more and more significant role in the development of national culture or society or economy or employment or income and so on [ 5 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
We aimed to examine the potential role of declining population immunity and how it interacts with the country's rapid urbanization to affect the reemergence of monkeypox in Nigeria. (cdc.gov)

We use a novel card transaction data from the Latvijas Banka to study the consumption response to the Covid-19 pandemic in Latvia throughout three separate waves of the pandemic. (bank.lv)

Disability pension (DP) is a commonly used indicator of a health-related long-term or permanent exit from the labour market. (biomedcentral.com)
Investment in human capital consist of ;education, training, health and other social services, that will help in enhancing productive capacity of labour. (com.ng)
Human capital is substitutable though it will not replace land, labour or capital it can be substituted for them to various degrees and be included as a separate variable in a production function. (com.ng)

Gambling behavior can serve as an informative indicator of important household heterogeneity that is difficult to observe directly in data. (federalreserve.gov)
Because such traits are conceivably difficult to observe directly in data, we argue that gambling behavior can serve as an informative indicator for important household heterogeneities. (federalreserve.gov)
When not analyzing item response data, he may be found thinking about the implications for social science of the sudden increase in our capacity to measure human DNA and the promise and pitfalls associated with how this new data may change our understanding of human behavior. (stanford.edu)
While not analyzing item response data, I also work on projects pertaining to the implications for social science of the sudden increase in our capacity to measure human DNA and the promise and pitfalls associated with how this new data may change our understanding of human behavior. (stanford.edu)
Does this have to do with pre-birth characteristics that are correlated across generations (such as genetic predisposition towards risk-taking), or is it that children learn from parents, and risk- taking behavior is acquired over one's lifetime?2 Is it nature or is it nurture? (lu.se)

We find that consumers are more likely to gamble when income is higher than its normal level predicted by observable characteristics, and that nongambling expenditures tend to increase with gambling activities. (federalreserve.gov)
They find a positive effect of capital coming from abroad on firms' performance. (springer.com)
They find that the new technology changed the returns to fertilizers, irrigated land, and capital, all of which proved scarce to varying degrees, Complementing technology-related changes in factor use were investments - public and private - driven in part by policy. (worldbank.org)
While we find consensus with respect to some of the factors that contribute to development -investment in physical and human capital for instance- the controversy on the significance of others remains. (conicyt.cl)
I find evidence for the savings accumulation conjecture, in which return is motivated by higher purchasing power of accumulated savings in the home country. (uni-muenchen.de)
We find that women put significant effort into targeting men at the top of the desirability scale, while men put less effort and target women with similar characteristics. (stlouisfed.org)
We find that although the quality of life in Riga tends to improve over time, in many areas progress appears to be slower than in the neighbouring capital cities - Vilnius and Tallinn. (bank.lv)

Based on the study of the existing competence evaluation index system, an evaluation index system for the design competence of creative designers of Culture was constructed by comprehensively investigating the three factors viz. (scirp.org)

Whether government transfer programs increase the human capital of low-income children is a question of first-order policy importance. (nationalaffairs.com)
Social scientists have been much more comfortable describing and analyzing occupational, educational, and income distributions than examining the economic bedrock of a capitalist society- "private property. (nationalacademies.org)
The use of the term human capital in the modern neoclassical economic literature dates back to Jacob Mincer pioneering article "Investment in Human Capital and Personal income distribution" in the Journal of Political Economy in 1958. (com.ng)
Human is then one's income depends partly on the rate of return on the human capital one owns, which allows on the receive a flow of income which is like interest earned. (com.ng)

Genomic analyses are widely applied to epidemiological, population genetic and experimental studies of pathogenic fungi. (cdc.gov)

However, it is also one of the main causes of climate change, impacting directly and indirectly on human health. (mdpi.com)
Climate change, human security and violent conflict. (preventionweb.net)

Examples of such characteristics include - but are not limited to - the presence of an insurgency, extreme political corruption, overwhelming crime rates suggestive of an incapacitated police force, an impenetrable and ineffective bureaucracy, judicial ineffectiveness, military interference in politics, and consolidation of power by regional actors such that it rivals or eliminates the influence of national authorities. (wikipedia.org)

For the particular case of Mexico, which is the country of interest in this paper, we were able to identify only three studies that explicitly examine the interaction of financial markets with the real economy. (conicyt.cl)

Therefore, the women population also represents half of human capital, a significant determinant of economic sustainability and social development. (frontiersin.org)
Free, Fair & Alive is a foundational re-thinking of the commons, the self-organized social systems that human beings have used for millennia to meet their needs. (exploring-economics.org)
4.1.1 Human capital and social capital. (lu.se)

The authors examine over an extended period, the growth consequences for agriculture in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand. (worldbank.org)
The substantial resurgence of monkeypox in Nigeria in 2017 appears to have been driven by a combination of population growth, accumulation of unvaccinated cohorts, and decline in smallpox vaccine immunity. (cdc.gov)
Public capital and economic growth. (preventionweb.net)
A nation cannot experience economic growth without human capital development. (com.ng)
The study used the ordinary least square technique(O L S) to determine the relationship between human capital and economic growth. (com.ng)

We study the effectiveness of targeted reserve requirements (RR) as a policy tool for macroeconomic stabilization. (frbsf.org)

The shortage of both types of capital can result in poor mental conditions, making it difficult for refugees to look for employment and integrate into the local labor market. (lu.se)

The focus of this paper is on La Paz, Bolivia's political capital and the city in Bolivia which host the largest number of coworking spaces. (ciaonet.org)
Case study prepared for the IIED Background Paper, for the 2011 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction . (preventionweb.net)

We shall also study some consequences of violent conflict, on the creation and persistence of gender roles as well as on population displacement. (csic.es)

We then check this prediction empirically using a panel of data, examining inflation before and after the introduction of a domestic bond market. (frbsf.org)
Full-population panel data obtained from the administrative registers of Statistics Finland were used to study 2.3 million individuals aged 25-60 years in 2010. (biomedcentral.com)

Sovereign risk is a critical element in understanding international capital flows. (flar.com)

This novel strategy can provide an interesting new perspective in the association between environmental exposure and human health. (bvsalud.org)

The body of evidence collected shows that Russian authorities have committed a wide range of violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law in many regions of Ukraine and in the Russian Federation. (constantcontact.com)
Segmentation errors by human listeners: Evidence for a prosodic segmentation strategy. (mpi.nl)

BACKGROUND: Few studies have focused on the spatially clustered regions in the association between short-term exposure to temperature and mortality, which is important for identifying high-susceptibility population and enhancing the prevention of high/low temperatures. (bvsalud.org)
The Connect was an important capital account liberalization introduced in the mid-2010s. (federalreserve.gov)

This Human Rights Watch report documents the consequences of Russia's 2022 war against Ukraine for children and staff who had been evacuated from institutions in areas of eastern Ukraine, at the front line of the war at the time, to a dozen institutions in the Lvivska region and three institutions in Łódź, Poland. (constantcontact.com)

Such policies might help poor children if their parents are credit constrained, and so under-invest in their human capital. (nationalaffairs.com)

Preliminary genetic analysis suggests multiple zoonotic introductions from animal reservoirs into the human population ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Previous researches have proved the positive effect of creative human capital and its development on the development of economy. (hindawi.com)
Our findings reveal that the relative effect of the various variables included in the model undergoes changes throughout the study period from 2002 to 2021. (flar.com)

This study explores the risk of DP and the contribution of sociodemographic and work-related factors between migrants and natives in Finland. (biomedcentral.com)

To account for these facts, I develop and estimate a life-cycle model of two types of health capital: physical and preventive. (stlouisfed.org)

Anatomy26

Organisms14

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Psychiatry and Psychology14

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena31

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities1

Information Science10

Named Groups2

Health Care82

Geographicals17

Disparities1

Economics6

Negatively2

Productivity8

20231

Genomic studies1

Practices2

Theoretical2

Outcomes4

Broadly2

Framework1

Wealth4

Determinants6

Measurement3

Societal2

Impacts1

Life Expectancy1

Migration4

Children's1

Impact6

Comparative2

Differences2

Effects12

Context1

Innovation2

Efficiency2

Quantify1

Approaches1

20002

Knowledge9

Countries9

Adoption1

Inequality1

Formation2

Entrepreneurial1

Outcome1

Role2

Consumption1

Labour3

Behavior5

Find7

Competence1

Income4

Widely1

Climate2

Examples1

Interaction1

Social3

Growth5

Macroeconomic1

Labor1

Paper2

Violent conflict1

Data2

Flows1

Environmental1

Evidence2

Important2

Consequences1

Invest1

Genetic1

Effect2

Factors1

Health capital1