Channels membrane fusion. Medical search. Frequent questions

Studies on the fusion protein were applicable to the envelope proteins of SARS coronavirus, HIV and Ebola virus. (wikipedia.org)
All of the viral fusion proteins undergo a remarkable protein refolding event and this process brings about fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane Fusion Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Membrane Fusion Proteins" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Membrane Fusion Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Membrane Fusion Proteins" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
The enveloped influenza A virions have three membrane proteins (HA, NA, M2), a matrix protein (M1) just below the lipid bilayer, a ribonucleoprotein core (consisting of 8 viral RNA segments and three proteins: PA, PB1, PB2), and the NEP/NS2 protein. (virology.ws)
B.ll.2 Interaction of Ca" Channels with Synaptic Vesicle Proteins Neurotransmitter release is to form a synaptic core complex (SNARE), which mediates vesicle docking and membrane fusion. (addresources.org)
She also characterized the cell surface carbohydrates and proteins require for penetration of human cells and viral spread by cell-cell fusion. (northwestern.edu)
Endocytosis is the vesicle-mediated process used by all cells to internalize extracellular macromolecules, plasma membrane lipids, and plasma membrane proteins ( Figure 1 ). (wormbook.org)
Interestingly, certain RND membrane proteins are also involved in cell wall biogenesis to remodel and strengthen bacterial cell walls to withstand harsh environmental conditions. (case.edu)
Mechanosensitive channels are membrane proteins that gate in response to mechanical stress/tension. (rug.nl)
Here, in order to discover those membrane proteins that may be involved in JEV attachment to or entry into virus permissive BHK-21 cells, a chemically mutated cell line (designated 3A10-3F) that became less susceptible to JEV infection was preliminarily established and selected by repeated low moi JEV challenges and RT-PCR detection for viral RNA E gene fragment. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with LC-MS/MS was utilized to recognize the most differentially expressed proteins from membrane protein extracts of 3A10-3F and BHK-21 cells respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
The noted discrepancy of membrane proteins included calcium binding proteins (annexin A1, annexin A2), and voltage-dependent anion channels proteins (VDAC 1, VDAC 2), suggesting that these molecules may affect JEV attachment to and/or entry into BHK-21 cells and worthy of further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
This paper describes an automated drug screening system for Ca 2+ -activated K + channel proteins (BK channel). (elsevierpure.com)
We have been developing multiple lipid bilayer membranes (BLMs) system for reconstituting the membrane proteins [1]. (elsevierpure.com)
The ability of ion channels to accomplish these three physiological functions also requires the housekeeping operation of another class of membrane proteins, the transporters and pumps, to set up standing ion concentration gradients across cell membranes. (scholarpedia.org)
Ion channels are membrane proteins. (scholarpedia.org)
Ion channels have many features of typical membrane proteins. (scholarpedia.org)
Like other signaling proteins, ion channels are flexible molecules that undergo conformational changes between open (active) and closed (inactive) states. (scholarpedia.org)
Experiments with these methods (in collaboration with Ed Chapman of this department) have indicated which proteins form the fusion pore and which proteins control their opening and expansion. (wisc.edu)
While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)
Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)
Membrane proteins play a key role in the cell's energy metabolism and in its signalling and communication with its environment. (lu.se)
More than half of all drugs that are in use today target membrane proteins. (lu.se)
The main aim of the course is to enable students to acquire specialised knowledge and understanding of membrane biochemistry and the molecular structure, topology and functional mechanisms of membrane proteins. (lu.se)
The lectures address the three different main types of membrane proteins and associated cellular processes: transport and transporters, signal transduction and receptors, bioenergetics and photosynthetic and respiratory proteins. (lu.se)
Lectures dealing with methods for theoretical modelling of membrane protein structure, fusion protein techniques, X-ray crystallography, heterologous expression, solubilisation and purification of membrane proteins are also included in the course. (lu.se)
In silico exercise addressing potential problems concerning the detection of heterologously expressed membrane proteins, solubilisation and evaluation of detergent properties, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtering in the presence of a detergent, and control of the protein's stability and integrity after purification. (lu.se)
Group discussions about e.g. the similarities/dissimilarities, cloning and overexpression strategies, and structure and function of membrane proteins. (lu.se)
The project entails practice in literature searching, project planning and documentation, and provides specialised practical knowledge of expression and management of membrane proteins. (lu.se)

Upon maturation, the rate of endocytosis is reduced, and a cAMP-dependent neuronal signal triggers the transport of PLP from LEs/Ls to the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
There are several endocytic pathways that utilize different mechanisms to internalize portions of the plasma membrane. (wormbook.org)
Many receptors then recycle to the plasma membrane either directly or indirectly via recycling endosomes. (wormbook.org)
Others are recycled back to the plasma membrane via the recycling pathway. (wormbook.org)
Clathrin and cargo molecules are assembled into clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane together with an adaptor complex called AP-2 that links clathrin with transmembrane receptors, concluding in the formation of mature clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). (wormbook.org)
Our research focuses broadly on the function of nerve terminals, both how their neurotransmitter-filled vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and how their excitability regulates the entry of Ca2+ to trigger membrane fusion. (wisc.edu)

Tethered neutrophils enter in membrane-bound vesicles before penetrating into the megakaryocyte cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)
The ↑[Ca 2+ ] i activates a signaling cascade that involves, sequentially, calcium-calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. This signal transduction pathway enables Cl − to pass through vesicular channels and act as a counterion for the transport of H + , so that the vesicles of secretogogue-stimulated cells become acidic. (jneurosci.org)
Vesicles do not collapse when fusion is triggered by strontium, rather they remain locked open and membrane scission is blocked. (rupress.org)
Early to late endosome transport may be mediated by small vesicular intermediates, or may be a maturation process whereby early endosomes lose components through recycling pathways and gain components through fusion with vesicles derived from the secretory pathway. (wormbook.org)
Influx of calcium ions into the presynaptic nerve terminal causes vesicles (loaded with neurotransmitters) migrate toward the presynaptic membrane. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal when their vesicles "fuse" with the membrane of the axon terminal, spilling the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
calcium inflow releases neurotransmitter molecules from many vesicles by fusing the vesicle membranes to the nerve terminal membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
We recently developed a generic method for producing polymer-supported lipid bilayers directly from cell-derived native membrane vesicles (NMVs). (lu.se)

The lipids of the lipoplex fuse with the endosome's membrane. (sciencedaily.com)
The lipids form a stalk-like connection and when both layers are fused, a pore opens up that connects the water channels to the cell's interior, allowing the DNA to escape,' says Bruininks. (sciencedaily.com)

Similarly, overexpression of CSP in chromaffin cells inhibited the extent of exocytosis and slowed the kinetics of individual release events, indicating a key role of CSP close to fusion pore opening during Ca 2+ -regulated exocytosis ( Graham and Burgoyne, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
Second, CSP may mediate a direct step of fast neurotransmitter exocytosis independent of Ca 2+ channel activation. (jneurosci.org)
Then, the vesicle and membrane fuse, and neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
Membrane fusion generates an opening through which the molecules are expelled into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. (msdmanuals.com)
Isoflurane, a widely used volatile anesthetic, inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and differentially inhibits synaptic vesicle exocytosis depending on neurotransmitter phenotype. (eneuro.org)
Here, we show that in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area isoflurane acts via a sodium channel-independent mechanism to inhibit synaptic vesicle exocytosis in proportion to reduced presynaptic Ca 2+ flux mediated by Ca V 2.1 and/or Ca V 2.2, in contrast to its effects in non-dopaminergic neurons. (eneuro.org)

The M2 is a transmembrane protein that forms an ion channel required for the uncoating process that precedes viral gene expression. (cdc.gov)
In addition, we have determined two mutant structures of the CusC efflux channel to identify conformational changes accompanying the folding and transmembrane channel formation of this outer membrane protein. (case.edu)
Unlike the majority of conventional antibiotics, AMPs frequently destabilize biological membranes, form transmembrane channels and may also have the ability to enhance immunity by functioning as immunomodulators [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Are the presynaptic membrane particles the calcium channels? (ac.ir)

Ion channels are ion-permeable pores in the lipid membranes of all cells. (scholarpedia.org)

Membrane Trafficking, Fusion, and Synaptic. (hhmi.org)
These findings provide a synaptic mechanism for the observed role of reduced dopamine release in anesthetic-induced unconsciousness and implicate presynaptic Ca 2+ channels of dopaminergic neurons as important targets of isoflurane. (eneuro.org)
Normal neuromuscular junction showing a presynaptic terminal with a motor nerve ending in an enlargement (bouton terminale): Synaptic cleft and postsynaptic membrane with multiple folds and embedded with several acetylcholine receptors. (medscape.com)

The HA glycoprotein forms spikes at the surface of virions, mediating attachment to host cell sialoside receptors and subsequent entry by membrane fusion. (cdc.gov)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a special conformation of cellular membranes that has at times served to confound effective drug therapy for intra-CNS conditions, most notably tertiary neurosyphilis. (weeksmd.com)

Voltage-gated sodium (Na\(^+\)) channels respond to short membrane depolarization with conformational changes leading to pore opening, Na\(^+\) influx, and action potential (AP) upstroke. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
With induced membrane tension MscL opens a large pore, releasing ions and small solutes, relieving the cytoplasm of osmotic tension. (rug.nl)
The majority of channels have three, four, or five homologous or identical subunits, arranged in circular symmetry, forming a single aqueous pore at the axial intersection ( Figure 2 ). (scholarpedia.org)
However, one set of channels (ClC chloride channels) has two homologous subunits forming one pore in each of the subunits. (scholarpedia.org)
Perhaps there are 500 genes for pore-forming and accessory subunits of channels. (scholarpedia.org)
In addition many of these channels have smaller accessory subunits that typically do not contribute to the actual pore. (scholarpedia.org)
We have adapted the classical ideas of single ion channel mechanisms to the study of the fusion pore. (wisc.edu)
This fusion pore spans both the vesicle and plasma membranes and in many ways behaves like an ion channel. (wisc.edu)

The NB protein is believed to be an ion channel, but it is not required for viral replication in cell culture. (virology.ws)
A minor viral envelope protein is CM2, which functions as an ion channel. (virology.ws)
The HIV-1 Vpu protein is an oligomeric integral membrane protein essential for particle release, viral load and CD4 degradation. (biomedcentral.com)

They are synthesized and inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, glycosylated in the Golgi, and transported and inserted into target membranes by membrane fusion. (scholarpedia.org)

is compatible with a role in regulating Ca 2+ channel activity or SNARE [soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor] complex function in vesicle fusion. (jneurosci.org)
Secretion of hormones and peptides by neuroendocrine cells occurs through fast and slow modes of vesicle fusion but the mechanics of these processes are not understood. (rupress.org)
Presynaptic calcium and control of vesicle fusion. (ac.ir)
In this study, the osmotic pressure in the proteoliposomes was controlled to induce the vesicle fusion. (elsevierpure.com)

In collaboration with Ted Jardetzky, Lamb determined the molecular structure of one of the pre- and post-fusion forms of the paramyxovirus fusion protein, which causes the virus membrane to fuse with the cell surface membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The lipoplex can fuse with the endosome membrane, allowing the DNA to enter the cell. (sciencedaily.com)

P-type voltage-dependent calcium channel mediates presynaptic calcium influx and transmitter release in mammalian synapses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). (ac.ir)

The alpha unit is predominantly located on the outer surface of the cell membrane, and the insulin binding domain is located here. (weeksmd.com)
Typically, RND efflux pumps work in conjunction with a periplasmic membrane fusion protein and an outer membrane channel to form a functional protein efflux system. (case.edu)
HN - 2008 MH - Superior Sagittal Sinus UI - D054063 MN - A07.231.908.224.667 MS - The long large endothelium-lined venous channel on the top outer surface of the brain. (bvsalud.org)

He predicts that poly-unsaturated fatty acids will speed up the fusion, allowing the DNA to escape into the cell's cytoplasm more quickly. (sciencedaily.com)
These findings identify emperipolesis as a new cell-in-cell interaction that enables neutrophils and potentially other cells passing through the megakaryocyte cytoplasm to modulate the production and membrane content of platelets. (elifesciences.org)
Mammalian CDs are surrounded by a cell membrane and contain cytoplasm that houses the cytosol and cytoskeletal network [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ion channels directly connect the cytoplasm of the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
Cytoplasmic calcium signals are generated by the opening of Ca 2+ -permeable ion channels that let Ca 2+ ions flow into the cytoplasm. (scholarpedia.org)

The cation channel mucolipin-1 is a bifunctional protein that facilitates membrane remodeling via its serine lipase domain. (harvard.edu)
Thus, when open, potassium ion-selective channels and anion channels hyperpolarize cells (cause the membrane potential to become more negative), whereas sodium- or calcium-selective channels and non-selective cation channels depolarize cells (cause the membrane potential to become more positive). (scholarpedia.org)

specialized invaginations of the surface membrane that propagate action potentials to trigger SR Ca 2+ release during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. (elifesciences.org)
Ion channels set up the resting membrane potentials of all cells. (scholarpedia.org)

The bacterial mechanosensitive channels of large conductance (MscL) serve as a last resort emergency release valve, protecting bacteria from lysis upon acute osmotic downshock. (rug.nl)
We measure the flux through single fusion pores with amperometry and the conductance of single fusion pores by performing phase-lock measurements with a patch clamp amplifier. (wisc.edu)

That is why scientists are now experimenting with lipid-based complexes, which are similar to cell membranes. (sciencedaily.com)
Newer approaches are looking instead for ways of altering the pharmacokinetics of established drugs, particularly with respect to improving the ability of these to penetrate cell membranes at the end-organ/tissue level. (weeksmd.com)
Physiologically, the cell membranes of the body's tissues possess a variety of mechanisms through which substances on one side of a biomembrane may be selectively transported across to the other side. (weeksmd.com)
After fusion, the membrane must be mechanically deformed to reshape a vesicle and broken to retrieve it from the cell surface. (rupress.org)
have begun to reveal new components and new mechanisms associated with intracellular membrane traffic in a variety of cell types. (wormbook.org)
May affect specific membrane functions, such as septum formation during cell division, and cell membrane permeability. (gu.se)
Figure 1: Two ion channels in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. (scholarpedia.org)
As cell membranes are both dynamic and compositionally complex, replicating these aspects in a model membrane are essential. (lu.se)

we would do well once again to follow the lead of physiology and take a good look at some of these intelligently contrived mechanisms of membrane transport. (weeksmd.com)

Immunoblots from membrane and cytosolic fractions of isolated PF cells revealed conventional (α, βI, and γ), novel (δ and ε), and atypical (ι/λ and ζ) PKCs. (jneurosci.org)
We have successfully used BaR to determine structures from impure membrane fractions as well as from raw lysates from several tissues, including the liver, kidney, and brain. (case.edu)

The results demonstrate that a short proline-rich segment present in the cytoplasmic C-terminus of each subunit is required for the normal regulation of channel activity. (nih.gov)
These findings show that the three PY motifs in the C-termini of ENaC are involved in the regulation of channel activity, probably via protein-protein interactions. (nih.gov)
Ion Channel Function and Regulation in the. (hhmi.org)
Regulation of Ca 2+ channels, however, is unlikely to be the only function of CSP. (jneurosci.org)
Structure and regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels. (ac.ir)
Flux of ions through ion channels contributes to the electrolyte movements required for volume regulation of single cells and for the net polarized transport of salt across epithelia like gut, kidney, or the choroid plexus. (scholarpedia.org)

Lipid bilayer membranes are among the most ubiquitous structures in the living world, with intricate structural features and a multitude of biological functions. (nature.com)
Microfluidic devices that operate in the "open space", i.e., outside the confinement imposed by channels and chambers, provide unique opportunities for interacting with biological samples. (nature.com)
The PEG membrane provides high biological particles separation and prevents sample for clogging due to the strong hydration of functional polymers layer and their resistance to protein adsorption. (llnl.gov)
Recent years have seen strong research efforts on the lipid component of biological membranes. (lu.se)
In my talk, I will show you some examples how such biological cues influence the dynamic properties of membranes. (lu.se)

Switching to the current-clamp mode and applying short blue-light pulses resulted either in subthreshold depolarization or in a rapid change of membrane polarity typically seen in APs of excitable cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Using a coarse grain molecular dynamics simulation, the fusion process between the lipoplex and the endosome membrane was visualized, as well as the subsequent escape of the DNA. (sciencedaily.com)

Liddle syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of hypertension, resulting from mutations in the cytoplasmic C-terminus of either the beta or gamma subunits of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na channel (ENaC) which lead to constitutively increased channel activity. (nih.gov)
To address this question, we have performed a systematic mutagenesis study of the C-termini of the alpha, beta and gamma ENaC subunits of the rat channel and have analyzed their function by expression in Xenopus oocytes. (nih.gov)
Missense mutations altering a consensus PPPXY sequence of the alpha, beta or gamma subunits reproduced the increase in channel activity found in mutants in which the entire cytoplasmic C-termini are deleted. (nih.gov)
These channels are made from four subunits. (scholarpedia.org)
Figure 2: Pseudosymmetric architecture of ion channels formed from 2, 3, 4, or 5 protein subunits or multiple repeated domains in a single subunit. (scholarpedia.org)

Ongoing work in the Molecular Dynamics group has shown the reversible gating of MscL (see Figure) and demonstrates how changes in bilayer properties can influence the channel gating. (rug.nl)
With this Dynamics workshop, our goal is to bring together leading experts in the field of membrane dynamics, with a particular focus on neutrons and X-rays, but also complementary techniques including NMR, single molecule spectroscopy and computer modeling. (lu.se)

We demonstrate how such networks are conveniently generated and locally restructured and show how various design possibilities such as diffusional barriers and hydrodynamic trapping points can be used in a "lab on a biomembrane" to directly address biomembrane functions and properties, or to perform membrane-assisted studies of molecular interactions. (nature.com)

Since the flow of ions moves charge and constitutes an electric current, channel opening and closing underlie all electrical signaling of electrically excitable cells such as nerve and muscle. (scholarpedia.org)
We have identified and characterized the ion channels in pituitary nerve terminals and shown how various signaling systems can target these ion channels for modulation. (wisc.edu)

Fusion constructs were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and electrophysiological recordings were performed by the two-microelectrode technique. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

In the absence of neurons, the major myelin membrane protein, the proteolipid protein (PLP), is internalized and stored in late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) by a cholesterol-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis pathway that requires actin and the RhoA guanosine triphosphatase. (rupress.org)

Studies suggest that variations in at least one other potassium channel gene may underlie the disorder in some of these affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)

Coexpression of Torpedo CSP RNA in frog oocytes altered the activity of ectopically expressed N-type Ca 2+ channels ( Gundersen and Umbach, 1992 ). (jneurosci.org)

In conclusion, coupling of ChR2 to a voltage-gated Na\(^+\) channel generates optical switches that are useful for studying the effect of individual ion channels on the AP shape. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Protein shape change has a major effect on the gating energy of a mechanosensitive channel. (rug.nl)

Action potential propagation along an axon is electrical, caused by the exchanges of sodium and potassium ions across the axonal membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
Ion concentration gradients and electrical forces drive the flow of ions through channel pores. (scholarpedia.org)
that transport positively charged potassium ions across the membrane of muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Previous studies suggest that the vesicular cysteine-string protein (CSP) may modulate presynaptic Ca 2+ channel activity in fast neurotransmitter release. (jneurosci.org)

DI-fusion Effects of the calcium channel agonist, BAY K 8644, on. (ac.be)
Effects of the calcium channel agonist, BAY K 8644, on electrical activity in mouse pancreatic B-cells. (ac.be)

Apart from the membrane transport of glucose, insulin also regulates the transport of some amino acids, some fatty acids, potassium, magnesium, and certain other monosaccharides. (weeksmd.com)

Present efforts focus on the sigma receptor, which modulates several ion channels (in collaboration with Arnold Ruoho of the Pharmacology Department), and the NO/cGMP signaling system, which produces a unique use-dependent enhancement of excitability. (wisc.edu)

https://books.google.com/books?id=rnt7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=fusion+starrs+ca+login? (addresources.org)

K\(_v\)1.2 currents remarkably accelerated initial repolarization, whereas hERG channel activity efficiently restored the resting membrane potential. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The hormone insulin is recognized as having actions that affect the trans-membrane transport of different substances, particularly glucose, into numerous different kinds of cells. (weeksmd.com)

This new regulatory mechanism of channel function is critical for the maintenance of normal Na reabsorption in the kidney and of Na+ balance and blood pressure. (nih.gov)
Here we introduce a microfluidic toolbox to write 2D nanofluidic networks composed of supported phospholipid membranes and dynamically modify their connectivity, composition and local function. (nature.com)
Mutations in the KCNJ2 gene alter the usual structure and function of these potassium channels. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy38

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proteins32

Plasma membrane6

Vesicles8

Lipids2

Exocytosis6

Transmembrane3

Presynaptic membrane1

Lipid membranes1

Synaptic3

Receptors1

Cellular1

Pore8

Viral3

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Vesicle fusion4

Fuse2

Mediates1

Outer3

Cytoplasm5

Cation2

Potentials2

Conductance2

Cell8

Mechanisms1

Fractions2

Regulation6

Biological5

Depolarization1

Subsequent1

Subunits5

Dynamics2

Interactions1

Nerve2

Xenopus1

Pathway1

Potassium channel1

Oocytes1

Generates1

Mechanosensitive channel1

Ions3

Modulate1

Calcium channel2

Regulates1

Receptor1

Https1

Repolarization1

Substances1

Function3