MitoKATP were first identified in 1991 by single-channel recordings of the inner mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidative5
One significant implication of the link between cellular oxidative stress and increased KATP production is that overall potassium transport function is directly proportional to the membrane concentration of these channels. (wikipedia.org)
In cases of diabetes, KATP channels cannot function properly, and a marked sensitivity to mild cardiac ischemia and hypoxia results from the cells' inability to adapt to adverse oxidative conditions. (wikipedia.org)
In regard to preventing insulin release, ROS activates uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that negatively regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. (omicsdi.org)
Measuring real-time oxygen consumption in siRNA-transfected INS-1E cells, we show that deleterious effects of palmitate on the glucose sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration and on the coupling efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation are independent of UCP2. (omicsdi.org)
The researchers attributed the protection to H2S opening K-ATP channels, scavenging radical oxidative species (ROS), and possibly lowering metabolism. (gotomydoctor.com)
Gene3
Four genes have been identified as members of the KATP gene family. (wikipedia.org)
The kir6.1 and kir6.2 genes encode the pore-forming subunits of the KATP channel, with the SUR subunits being encoded by the sur1 (SUR1) gene or selective splicing of the sur2 gene (SUR2A and SUR2B). (wikipedia.org)
The C-terminal halves of NTs interact with intracellular loops that are crucial for channel activation. (bvsalud.org)
Insulin3
In the presence of higher glucose metabolism, and consequently increased relative levels of ATP, the KATP channels close, causing the membrane potential of the cell to depolarize, activating voltage-gated calcium channels, and thus promoting the calcium-dependent release of insulin. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 is not involved in palmitate-induced impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E insulinoma cells and is not needed for the amplification of insulin release. (omicsdi.org)
We have recently shown that overnight exposure of INS-1E insulinoma cells to palmitate in the presence of high glucose causes defects in both mitochondrial energy metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). (omicsdi.org)
Regulation3
These allow for nucleotide-mediated regulation of the potassium channel, and are critical in its roles as a sensor of metabolic status. (wikipedia.org)
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are hexamers of LRRC8 proteins that are crucial for cell volume regulation. (bvsalud.org)
K+ channel regulation of signal propagation in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. (modeldb.science)
Induce1
In other cell types, Ca2+ and ROS jointly induce Ca2+ release mediated by ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels. (omicsdi.org)
Interact1
The individual channels interact with other sub-types, so a mutation in one sub-type can affect other subtypes. (epiphanyasd.com)
Presence1
The presence of nucKATP was confirmed by the discovery that isolated patches of nuclear membrane possess properties, both kinetic and pharmacological, similar to plasma membrane KATP channels. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
Conversely, an increase in mitochondrial matrix ROS was found to deglutathionylate and activate UCP2 leak and impede GSIS. (omicsdi.org)
Type6
ATP-sensitive potassium channels are composed of Kir6.x-type subunits and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits, along with additional components. (wikipedia.org)
The degree to which particular compounds are able to regulate KATP channel opening varies with tissue type, and more specifically, with a tissue's primary metabolic substrate. (wikipedia.org)
This is known as an L type calcium channel, the other ones being Cav1.2 and Cav1,3 and Cav1.4. (epiphanyasd.com)
Because they also play a role in how your heart works, numerous drugs have been developed, some are more specific to one type of channel (Amlodipine for Cav1.3, Verapamil for Cav1.2). (epiphanyasd.com)
Some readers of this blog have reported that the only thing that resolves their child's GI problems is an L-type calcium channel blocker. (epiphanyasd.com)
Memantine has several different modes of action, and a little reported one is blocking L-type calcium channels. (epiphanyasd.com)
Effects1
Here we report experiments designed to test the involvement of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) in these glucolipotoxic effects. (omicsdi.org)
Pancreatic7
In pancreatic beta cells, ATP is the primary metabolic source, and the ATP/ADP ratio determines KATP channel activity. (wikipedia.org)
Under resting conditions, the weakly inwardly rectifying KATP channels in pancreatic beta cells are spontaneously active, allowing potassiumions to flow out of the cell and maintaining a negative resting membrane potential (slightly more positive than the K+ reversal potential). (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition of ATP-sensitive K + channels (K ATP ) by an increase in cytosolic ATP 4− or a decrease in MgADP − and the resultant depolarization are essentially involved in the physiological mechanisms that lead to insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Bursting electrical activity in pancreatic beta cells caused by Ca 2+ - and voltage-inactivated Ca2+ channels. (nih.gov)
Emergence of organized bursting in clusters of pancreatic beta-cells by channel sharing. (nih.gov)
That is a monogenic disease related to mutations on the ABCC8 gene which encodes the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) at the surface of the pancreatic beta-cell and rectifies potassium channel proteins [1- 3]. (biomedres.us)
This gene encodes the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) at the surface of the pancreatic beta-cell and rectifies potassium channel proteins [1-3]. (biomedres.us)
Regulate2
The degree to which particular compounds are able to regulate KATP channel opening varies with tissue type, and more specifically, with a tissue's primary metabolic substrate. (wikipedia.org)
BACKGROUND: Tetraspanin-7 (Tspan7) is an islet autoantigen involved in autoimmune type 1 diabetes and known to regulate ß-cell L-type Ca2+ channel activity. (bvsalud.org)
Dysfunction3
The more damage to the mitochondria, the more mitochondrial dysfunction and therefore more fluorescence intensity. (stackexchange.com)
The nice touch was their suggestion that we could classify some people with ASD, some with epilepsy and some people with both, by their ion channel dysfunction. (epiphanyasd.com)
a mounting body of evidence indicates that ion channel dysfunction may well enhance autism susceptibility also when other contributing alleles are coinherited. (epiphanyasd.com)
Cellular2
One significant implication of the link between cellular oxidative stress and increased KATP production is that overall potassium transport function is directly proportional to the membrane concentration of these channels. (wikipedia.org)
These relate to disruption of (1) action potential upstroke due to effects on the sodium currents, (2) action potential repolarisation due to effects on the potassium currents, (3) cellular calcium homeostasis, (4) mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production and (5) cardiac fibrosis. (nih.gov)
Cardiac2
KATP channels were first identified in cardiac myocytes by the Akinori Noma group in Japan. (wikipedia.org)
In cases of diabetes, KATP channels cannot function properly, and a marked sensitivity to mild cardiac ischemia and hypoxia results from the cells' inability to adapt to adverse oxidative conditions. (wikipedia.org)
19911
MitoKATP were first identified in 1991 by single-channel recordings of the inner mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Currents1
A Chay-Keizer-like model with bursting driven by calcium-activated potassium channels but ionic currents based more closely on measurements in beta cells rather than neurons. (nih.gov)
Potassium channel2
These allow for nucleotide-mediated regulation of the potassium channel, and are critical in its roles as a sensor of metabolic status. (wikipedia.org)
Bursting was achieved by appending a calcium-activated potassium channel to voltage-dependent squid axon channels. (nih.gov)
Chloride3
Cell membrane glycoproteins that form channels to selectively pass chloride ions. (lookformedical.com)
As long as NKCC1 transporters are predominantly active, internal chloride concentrations in neurons is raised in comparison with mature chloride concentrations, which is important for GABA and glycine responses, as respective ligand-gated anion channels are permeable to chloride. (epiphanyasd.com)
With higher internal chloride concentrations, outward driving force for this ions increases, and thus channel opening leads to chloride leaving the cell, thereby depolarizing it. (epiphanyasd.com)
Increases1
The glucose dependent inhibition of glucagon secretion relies on pyruvate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a activity and lowering of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by increases in glucose. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins1
Two members from the R7 subfamily of regulators of G proteins signaling RGS7 and RGS11 can be found at dendritic tips of retinal depolarizing bipolar cells (DBCs). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
CALCIUM CHANNELS that are concentrated in neural tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Cell4
In the presence of higher glucose metabolism, and consequently increased relative levels of ATP, the KATP channels close, causing the membrane potential of the cell to depolarize, activating voltage-gated calcium channels, and thus promoting the calcium-dependent release of insulin. (wikipedia.org)
This model introduced the concept of phantom bursting, i.e., that the process that drives bursting may not be a single channel but a composite of two or more channels. (nih.gov)
Calcium-dependent1
This paper explores calcium-dependent inactivation of L-type calcium channels in beta cells, proposing that inactivation depends on calcium in the micro- or nano-domain near open calcium channels rather than bulk calcium. (nih.gov)
Production1
Changes in the transcription of these genes, and thus the production of KATP channels, are directly linked to changes in the metabolic environment. (wikipedia.org)
Activity2
More recently, it was discovered that certain multiprotein complexes containing succinate dehydrogenase can provide activity similar to that of KATP channels. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of Kv4.2 channels in hippocampus appears fundamental, mostly at early developmental stage when neuronal activity drives synaptic maturation and network refinement. (epiphanyasd.com)
Addition1
We have already seen that in addition to ion channels there are also various types of ion transporter/exchangers. (epiphanyasd.com)
Paper1
Today's post is to draw your attention to very insightful paper about some of the ion channel dysfunctions in autism. (epiphanyasd.com)