Changes in the sex ratio. Medical search. Frequent questions

For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. (cia.gov)
In our research, Andrea Den Boer and I have attempted to show that abnormally high sex ratios - situations where there are significantly more men than women - have been a security concern in the past and may affect security and stability in the future. (newsecuritybeat.org)
Since Den Boer and I have done a great deal of work demonstrating this link between high sex ratios and violence, when a colleague recently sent along a new paper published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution arguing the opposite - that societies with abnormal sex ratios favoring males do not exhibit higher levels of violence - I was intrigued. (newsecuritybeat.org)
This paper studies how high sex ratios (more men than women) affect household portfolio choice. (uwpress.org)

Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. (cia.gov)
In human societies, sex ratios at birth may be considerably skewed by factors such as the age of mother at birth and by sex-selective abortion and infanticide. (wikipedia.org)
As of 2014, the global sex ratio at birth is estimated at 107 boys to 100 girls (1,000 boys per 934 girls). (wikipedia.org)
It is generally divided into four subdivisions: primary sex ratio - ratio at fertilization secondary sex ratio - ratio at birth tertiary sex ratio - ratio in sexually mature organisms This is equivalent to the adult sex ratio (ASR), which is defined as the ratio of adult males to females in a population. (wikipedia.org)
The sex ratio at birth in Chhatisgarh is 958 girls for every 1,000 boys born during 2016-18, according to the recently released sample registration system statistical report 2018. (indiatimes.com)
As per the report, sex ratio at birth for the country has gone up by 3 points to 899 in 2016-18 from 896 in 2015-2017. (indiatimes.com)
While Chhattisgarh reported the highest sex ratio at birth across the country, Uttarakhand stood at the lowest with 840 girls for every 1,000 boys in the state. (indiatimes.com)
In rural areas, the highest and the lowest sex ratio at birth are reported in states of Chhattisgarh (976) and Haryana (840) respectively. (indiatimes.com)
As per the report, sex ratio at birth in Chhattisgarh during 2014-16 was 963, while from 2015-17 it was 961. (indiatimes.com)
The sex ratio at birth is in overall decline in Europe and North America. (uwi.edu)
In all continents, latitude gradients and secular trends have been found in the male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births), which is anticipated to approximate 0.515. (uwi.edu)
This paper fails to find evidence of stress using the gender ratio at birth in Israel, when the country is studied by race or religion. (uwi.edu)
The male-to-female birth ratio varies seasonally. (uwi.edu)
The natural human sex ratio at birth (male:female) slightly favors males, and altered sex ratios might be indicative of exposure to reproductive hazards. (health.mil)
The natural human sex ratio at birth slightly favors males, with about 104 to 106 males born for every 100 females. (health.mil)
2-4 In the U.S., the sex ratio at birth decreased from 1.055 in 1940 to 1.048 in 2002;1 in 2016, the sex ratio of all live born U.S. infants was 1.047. (health.mil)
Expatriate communities, such as Indian emigrants to the United States, also exhibit similarly imbalanced birth sex ratios. (sikhphilosophy.net)
In probing mechanisms we argue that men are more prone to crime than women, that the share of unmarried men is increasing in the youth sex ratio, that attitudes to violence against women are evolving as a function of the sex ratio at birth and marriage quality measures, including self-reported domestic violence, are negatively related to sex ratios. (repec.org)
The expected sex ratio at birth (male to female) is 1.05, or 5% more males born than females. (utah.gov)
Sex ratio at birth was calculated using resident births (regardless where the birth occurred), term (37-42 weeks), and singletons only. (utah.gov)
The sex ratio at birth is the comparison of male births to female births (term singletons only). (utah.gov)
The Office of Vital Records and Statistics at the Utah Department of Health records all birth records along with their associated sex. (utah.gov)
In this study, we investigated how birth date influenced offspring sex ratios in a captive herd of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) located in Michigan. (auburn.edu)
In this study, we found that maternal condition did not influence offspring sex ratios, while birth date did. (auburn.edu)
This gendered policy impact further distorted the sex ratio at birth. (uwpress.org)
In a major achievement for Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC), the city has registered highest-ever sex ratio at birth (SRB) of 951 girls for every 1000 boys in 2019. (indiatimes.com)
However, a study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , to catalog global sex ratios at birth, shows that this approach is not entirely accurate. (iza.org)
Fengqing Chao, a public health researcher at the Institute of Policy Studies in Singapore, led a five-year project which studied decades of census data, national survey responses, and birth records to build models that could estimate national sex ratios across time. (iza.org)
Beti Bachao drive has improved : About 49 of 100 districts where government's ambitious 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' campaign to save and empower the girl child was launched last year has recorded significant improvement in child sex-ratio at birth, Union minister Maneka Gandhi said on Tuesday. (pgtimes.in)
There has been significant improvement in child sex-ratio at birth in 49 districts which is much beyond our expectation," she said. (pgtimes.in)
Setting a target for improving child sex-ratio at birth by 10 points minimum every year, Gandhi asked the deputy commissioners and district magistrates to adopt a "proactive approach" by launching creative initiatives to change the mentality of the people towards girl child. (pgtimes.in)
Our goal is to improve sex ratio at birth by 10 points minimum every year. (pgtimes.in)
A decomposition of the sex ratio at birth and child mortality. (bvsalud.org)

According to one recent study , the lowest sex ratio in India - 707 females per 1000 males - is found among poor residents of the country's wealthiest political subdivision, the Union Territory* of Chandigarh, which serves as the capital city of both Punjab and Haryana. (geocurrents.info)

By the end of the year, all data will be accurately compiled and we are expecting the overall sex ratio to remain around 935 to 950 this year. (indiatimes.com)
For the first time, it has matched with overall sex ratio of the district which was 951 as per population census of 2011. (indiatimes.com)

To put these numbers in perspective, the national sex ratio for children in the 2011 Census was 919. (indiatimes.com)
The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. (census2011.co.in)

However, the state's sex ratio during 2016-2018 was lowest since 2012-2014, when its ratio stood at 973 girls for every 1000 boys. (indiatimes.com)
In 2018, there were 30,106 male births to 28,297 female for a ratio of 939. (indiatimes.com)

12 A 2004 survey-based study did not corroborate this finding, but it did report a decrease in offspring sex ratio with additional time in the submarine community and detected lower sex ratios among submariners with certain naval ratings (i.e., occupational specialties), such as sonar technicians. (health.mil)
Mothers with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) ("carriers") had a higher sex ratio than non'Carriers, and mothers with anti-HBs had a lower sex ratio than the carriers and mothers with no evidence of infection. (wayne.edu)

quaternary sex ratio - ratio in post-reproductive organisms These definitions can be somewhat subjective since they lack clear boundaries. (wikipedia.org)
Spending equal amounts of resources to produce offspring of either sex is an evolutionarily stable strategy: if the general population deviates from this equilibrium by favoring one sex, one can obtain higher reproductive success with less effort by producing more of the other. (wikipedia.org)
It has been theorized that inducing extreme reproductive sex ratios could be a method to suppress or eliminate pest populations. (nature.com)
a ) Proposed model for the distortion of the reproductive sex ratio towards males based on meiotic X shredding. (nature.com)
This study's null findings suggest that submariners are not likely exposed to reproductive hazards in the workplace that alter offspring sex ratio. (health.mil)
Offspring sex ratio is often used in demographic, environmental, and occupational studies to assess the impact of certain exposures on reproductive and endocrine health. (health.mil)
6-8 Because low sex ratios have been linked to reduced sperm quality and quantity, 9-11 some postulate that a low offspring sex ratio is an early indicator for exposure to reproductive hazards or damage to the male reproductive system. (health.mil)
Reproductive practices and social constructs regarding sex preferences - males over females, for example - can affect the observed sex ratio. (utah.gov)
This suggests that by varying offspring sex ratios, a female can improve her lifetime fitness by investing in the sex that will gain the greatest reproductive advantage by being born at certain times. (auburn.edu)

If Clinton is right, then shouldn't India's dismal female-to-male ratio raise a red flag for American foreign policy? (sikhphilosophy.net)
It is time for the U.S. to raise the issue of India's sex ratio at the highest levels of diplomatic communication with government officials in New Delhi. (sikhphilosophy.net)
This paper investigates the consequences of sex imbalance in India's population for violence against women. (repec.org)
The most striking aspect of the sex ratio map is the location of the male-biased core zone, which straddles India's basic developmental divide. (geocurrents.info)
India's low sex ratios are a major national concern, leading to a number of proposed and enacted reforms. (geocurrents.info)

In 2022, the ratio in that group was almost 110 boys to 100 girls. (statista.com)

In 2011 census, child sex ratio is 960 girls per 1000 boys compared to figure of 957 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data. (census2011.co.in)
Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 960 compared to 957 of census 2001. (census2011.co.in)
Similarly child sex ratio in Tinsukia district was 917 in 2011 census. (census2011.co.in)
What has contributed to improvements in the child sex ratio in select districts of India? (bvsalud.org)

The operational sex ratio (OSR) is the ratio of sexually active males to females in a population, and is therefore derived from a subset of the individuals included when calculating the ASR. (wikipedia.org)
A study performed by Danforth observed no significant difference in the number of males and females from the 1:1 sex ratio. (wikipedia.org)
Sex-ratio of adult populations of pelagic copepods is usually skewed towards dominance of females. (wikipedia.org)
The sex ratio of the total population in China was 104.7 males to 100 females in 2022. (statista.com)
In contrast, the sex ratio of C6 (adult) showed a clear seasonality, with males (C6M) occurring only from December to May and females (C6F) dominating during the other seasons. (brill.com)
Since it has been predicted that females will bias the sex ratio of her offspring in order to increase her lifetime fitness, we hypothesized that more males should be born earlier in the birthing season. (auburn.edu)
Sex ratio adjustment in favour of males would be adaptive if sons inherit their fathers characters that increased their attractiveness to females. (lu.se)
ED visit rates among children and adolescents aged 11-14 years did not differ by sex until the first half of the 2020-21 school year (2020, weeks 37-53), when ED visit rates among females surpassed those among males. (medscape.com)
The sex ratio [males/(males + females)] of offspring also did not differ by TCDD exposure (0.53 and 0.54 among workers and referents, respectively). (cdc.gov)
Population distribution according to sex indicated a gender ratio of 103.3 males to 100 females. (who.int)

At a time when one in three girls is missing in India due to pre and post-natal sex selection, Chhattisgarh has reported the highest sex ratio in the country. (indiatimes.com)
But dowry costs in India are rising, not falling, and the ratio of girls to boys continues to fall dramatically. (sikhphilosophy.net)
In the area dubbed the 'Bermuda Triangle for girls' in India, some districts register only 774 little girls for every 1,000 boys, a ratio of almost 130 boys to every 100 girls. (sikhphilosophy.net)
India, of course, is not the only country in Asia with severely disproportionate sex ratios. (sikhphilosophy.net)
It is worth noting that abortion for reasons of sex selection is not illegal in the United States, while it is strictly illegal in India, China and elsewhere. (sikhphilosophy.net)
The sex ratio map posted here is a bit dated, but the basic patterns have not changed: the diffusion of sonograms and other technologies for fetal sex-selection has skewed sex ratios toward males across almost all of India. (geocurrents.info)
The endangered sex : neglect of female children in rural north India / Barbara D. Miller. (who.int)

Last year, Haryana's sex ratio ( the number of girls per 1,000 boys ) touched 900. (indiatimes.com)
According to the census figures, the sex ratio of children ages 0-6 is now 914 girls per 1,000 boys, or 109.4 boys for every 100 girls. (sikhphilosophy.net)
In 1991, the 0-6 sex ratio was 934 girls to 1,000 boys, and when it further fell to 927 in the 2001 census, New Delhi launched a round of policy initiatives designed to turn the situation around. (sikhphilosophy.net)

For species where the cost of successfully raising one offspring is roughly the same regardless of its sex, this translates to an approximately equal sex ratio. (wikipedia.org)
Chi-square tests and unconditional logistic regression models were used to compare the offspring sex ratio of male submariners with 2 other active duty populations and the U.S. population. (health.mil)
The offspring sex ratio of male submariners was 1.048, which did not substantially differ from the sex ratio of each comparison population. (health.mil)
Furthermore, this study found no meaningful variation in offspring sex ratio by length of submarine or military service or by rating. (health.mil)
Contrary to previous studies, this large, record-based analysis found no evidence to suggest the offspring sex ratio of male active duty U.S. Navy submariners is different from that of other active duty populations or the U.S. population as a whole. (health.mil)
Next, the authors look at adult sex ratio and "opportunity for sexual selection," which is - if you search hard enough to find it - operationalized as higher variability in the number of offspring between individual men in a society. (newsecuritybeat.org)
Chronic zebrafish PFOS exposure alters sex ratio and maternal related effects in F1 offspring. (oregonstate.edu)
The ability of a female to adjust the sex ratio of her offspring has been well documented in numerous mammalian species. (auburn.edu)
Hepatitis B Virus and Sex Ratio of Offspring in East Greenland " by J S. Drew, B S. Blumberg et al. (wayne.edu)
The hypothesis that response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in parents is related to the sex ratio (M/F x 100) of offspring was tested in families from two communities in East Greenland. (wayne.edu)
We did not find an association between paternal serum TCDD level and spontaneous abortion or sex ratio of offspring in this population. (cdc.gov)

The study could not evaluate the effect of father's childhood or prenatal TCDD exposure on subsequent sex ratio. (cdc.gov)

Sex ratio for 8 Swedish cities with populations larger than 10 000 people. (nuclearpoweryesplease.org)
We calculated prevalence of veterans in the homeless, poverty, and general populations, and risk ratios (RR) for veteran status in these populations. (cdc.gov)

suggest that in high sex ratio human societies one should see pressure for monogyny (males mate with one female) and greater paternal investment in children as forms of "paternity protection," therefore potentially reducing conflict by males over mates. (newsecuritybeat.org)

They find that adult sex ratio and "opportunity for sexual selection" are related negatively. (newsecuritybeat.org)

Our findings reveal that areas where women were depicted more negatively suffered a more skewed sex ratio favouring male survival. (lu.se)

Zero tolerance towards prenatal sex discrimination is being observed by doctors and radiologists. (indiatimes.com)
I am blessed with two daughters and prenatal sex discrimination after first girl child never crossed my mind. (indiatimes.com)

However, few studies have deviated from focusing on maternal condition as the driving factor concerning sex ratio variation. (auburn.edu)

Brood sex ratios skewed towards males have been reported in Goshawks, but only in broods of four young did the male/ female ratio differ significantly. (lu.se)

This ratio is conventionally expressed to M/F and is influenced by a large number of factors, including stress. (uwi.edu)
Sex ratio is conventionally defined as the proportion of male to female live births in a given population. (health.mil)

Male live births occur in excess of female live births and their ratio (M/F) is usually expressed as male divided by total births. (uwi.edu)
Chao's team of researchers discovered that in most regions of the world sex ratios diverge significantly from the 100:105 norm, revealing a gap of 23.1 million missing female births across a dozen countries since 1970. (iza.org)

We match district level administrative crime data by category to age- specific sex ratios in census data across four decades and, to analyse mechanisms, we also use administrative data on marriage rates and household survey data on attitudes to violence against women and marriage quality. (repec.org)
Sex Ratio in urban region of Tinsukia district is 907 as per 2011 census data. (census2011.co.in)

In most species, the sex ratio varies according to the age profile of the population. (wikipedia.org)
and identifying whether risk of homelessness among veterans varies as a function of age, race, or sex. (cdc.gov)

Here we generate a synthetic sex distortion system by exploiting the specificity of the homing endonuclease I-PpoI, which is able to selectively cleave ribosomal gene sequences of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae that are located exclusively on the mosquito's X chromosome. (nature.com)
Figure 1: Generation of a synthetic sex distortion system. (nature.com)

The emerging subfield of "security demographics" is interested in how demographic trends, such as youth bulges , high or low fertility rates, and sex ratios affect the security and stability of nation-states and regions. (newsecuritybeat.org)

These abnormal sex ratios are primarily due to cultural and policy-derived incentives that can lead to sex-selective abortion of female fetuses. (newsecuritybeat.org)

However, many species deviate from an even sex ratio, either periodically or permanently. (wikipedia.org)
He defines five major questions, both for his book and the field in general (slightly abbreviated here): For a dioecious species, what is the equilibrium sex ratio maintained by natural selection? (wikipedia.org)
Fisher's principle (1930) explains why in most species, the sex ratio is approximately 1:1. (wikipedia.org)
This ratio has been observed in many species, including the bee Macrotera portalis. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia cause skewed sex ratios in some arthropod species as they kill males. (wikipedia.org)
A disrupted sex ratio can, in principle, drive a species extinct. (angrybearblog.com)
In practice, known sex ratio disruptors (citations very needed but no links here) work by destroying female chromasomes (for us it would be the X chromasome - I am going to be sloppy and call it the X chromasome from now on even though there are different letters used for different species) in spermatocytes (the diploid cells which will become spermatazoa through meiosis). (angrybearblog.com)
If the X chromasome contains the ribosomal RNA gene and the sex ratio disruptor cuts a suquence which must stick to another sequence, then the X prottecting mutation might not occur before the species is extinct. (angrybearblog.com)
In some bird species, brood sex ratios have been shown to vary with male quality and time of season. (lu.se)

The graph shows the sex ratio in the age group of 0 to 4 years in China from 2012 to 2022. (statista.com)

In the north and northwest, where the worst sex ratios were found, state governments paid cash to families that chose to keep their girls and offered additional money if the girls were immunized, sent to school and not married off before age 18. (sikhphilosophy.net)

Using data from a nationally representative Chinese household finance survey, we find that a 1 standard deviation increase in the sex ratio would raise the stock market participation rate by 2.9 percentage points or 52.2 percent for families with a son relative to families with a daughter. (uwpress.org)
In basic demographic matters such as sex ratio, by contrast, the data are solid. (geocurrents.info)
Toxicity: There are data for 3 trophic levels, most sensitive fish (Danio rerio) NOEC 216 days (fecundity, sex ratio, histopathological changes of gonads) = 0.23 microg/L. (janusinfo.se)

People also became aware of ill-effects of sex discrimination. (indiatimes.com)

Parameters such as density and sex ratio, as well as the type of sediment, were also examined. (bioone.org)

The minister also asked them to map and register all the ultrasound machines to keep a check on illegal sex selection and monitoring of Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act. (pgtimes.in)
Preventing gender-biased sex selection: an interagency statement - OHCHR, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women and WHO. (who.int)
This selection was designed to be representative of overall sex ratios, hemorrhagic manifestations, and death rates observed during the outbreak. (cdc.gov)

The authors survey the empirical and quasi-empirical literature examining sex ratios and violence, providing a large table of comparisons. (newsecuritybeat.org)

Even tracking systems have been installed at sonography centres to curb unlawful practice of sex determination, said a government spokesperson. (indiatimes.com)

Limited knowledge about the genetic makeup and mode of action of naturally occurring sex distorters and the prevalence of co-evolving suppressors has hampered their use for control. (nature.com)
There were difficulties in obtaining exact genetic sex ratios. (scialert.net)

I have had several batches of fry that when mature are about a 6:1 female to male ratio. (apistogramma.com)

Look up Römer & Beißenherz's paper on temperature and sex ratios in the search engine here. (apistogramma.com)
Results of search for 'su:{Sex ratio. (who.int)

With regards to Sex Ratio in Tinsukia, it stood at 952 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 913. (census2011.co.in)

Except for the latest batch (which I had turned the heat up) all were sexed as adults. (apistogramma.com)

The audit, which began in April, found that Panipat, which ranked second in the January-March list with a sex ratio of 1,007 (yes, more girls than boys) had overshot the actual number by 135. (indiatimes.com)

Here, we report the seasonal changes in the population structure, sex ratio and female gonad maturation of M. okhotensis . (brill.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms3

Diseases1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes13

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care7

Geographicals1

High sex ratios4

Birth33

Lowest sex ratio1

Overall sex ratio2

National sex ratio2

20182

Lower sex2

Reproductive9

India's5

Boys to 100 girls1

Child sex4

Females10

India7

1,000 boys3

Offspring11

Exposure1

Populations2

Paternal1

Adult1

Negatively1

Prenatal2

Maternal1

Towards males1

Conventionally2

Births2

Census data2

Varies2

Distortion2

Fertility1

Abnormal1

Species9

Graph1

State governments1

Data3

Discrimination1

Density1

Selection3

Empirical1

Practice1

Genetic2

Female-to-male ra1

Search2

20011

Adults1

Found1

Seasonal1