ResistanceType 2 diabetPancreaticHyperglycemiaAdipose tissueObesityHyperinsulinemiaChanges in insulinMetabolismNormoglycemicMetabolicPlasma glucoseAdipositySkeletalReceptorPancreasLipolysisDiabetes MellitusImprove insulin sensitivityMatsudaCharacterized by impairedIncreasesOGTTHOMA-IRLower insulin sensitivityPeripheral insulin sensitivityHomeostasis modelGlucagonHumansTissuesMeasures of insulinAutoimmuneGeneticGlycemicImpairmentElevated insulin levelsConcentrationsLevelsDecreasesAbsolute insulin deficiencyExpressed genesT2DMIncrease insulinRelation
Resistance88
- Taken together, space flight research, ground-based studies, and bioreactor studies of pancreatic islets of Langerhans support the hypothesis that the pancreas is unable to overcome peripheral insulin resistance and amino acid dysregulation during space flight. (nih.gov)
- We used the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as index of insulin sensitivity and the insulinogenic index to assess insulin secretion.ResultsHD patients did not differ from the controls with respect to fasting plasma glucose, insulin sensitivity and secretion. (ox.ac.uk)
- An extract of tarragon (Artermisia d.) increases insulin sensitivity and enhances insulin receptor signaling in an animal model of insulin resistance. (greenmedinfo.com)
- In addition to the positive associations of IL-6 and leptin with insulin resistance and secretion, NGF was higher in the GDM patients and strongly linked to glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function in Chinese pregnant women in the second trimester. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, explorations of the exact mechanism of insulin resistance in GDM are still limited, with most studies concentrating on T2DM. (biomedcentral.com)
- To date, scientists have revealed that one of the central pathogenic mechanisms of insulin resistance is the modulation of inflammation-related factors, which affects the gene expression regulation and metabolism of some lipid-related factors involved in the insulin signalling pathway [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Given the close relationship between inflammation and insulin resistance, many studies have focused on the relationships between inflammation-related factors and GDM. (biomedcentral.com)
- Insulin resistance is a state in which a given concentration of insulin produces a less-than-expected biological effect. (medscape.com)
- Insulin resistance has also been arbitrarily defined as the requirement of 200 or more units of insulin per day to attain glycemic control and to prevent ketosis. (medscape.com)
- The syndromes of insulin resistance actually make up a broad clinical spectrum, which includes obesity, glucose intolerance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, as well as an extreme insulin-resistant state. (medscape.com)
- In clinical practice, no single laboratory test is used to diagnose insulin resistance syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Treatment involves pharmacologic therapy to reduce insulin resistance, along with surgical management of underlying causes if appropriate. (medscape.com)
- Medications that reduce insulin resistance (insulin-sensitizing and antihyperglycemic effects) include metformin and the thiazolidinediones. (medscape.com)
- In insulin resistance, various clinical entities of this state are evident. (medscape.com)
- thus, insulin resistance results in increased insulin secretion to maintain normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (medscape.com)
- The mechanisms responsible for insulin resistance syndromes include genetic or primary target cell defects, autoantibodies to insulin, and accelerated insulin degradation. (medscape.com)
- Several amino acids (AAs) have been shown to be associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but no previous studies have investigated the association of AAs with insulin secretion in a longitudinal setting. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Our study is the first population-based large cohort to report that AAs are associated not only with insulin resistance but also with decreased insulin secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Type 2 diabetes is often preceded by a long period of prediabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Conversion to diabetes happens when insulin secretion from the pancreas is no longer able to compensate for insulin resistance in peripheral insulin-sensitive tissues ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- We investigated the associations of twenty AAs with insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and glycemia in a large Finnish prospective population-based METabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) cohort. (diabetesjournals.org)
- A new study finds that adipocyte SLC7A10 impairments may impact lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in patients with obesity. (medscape.com)
- Insulin resistance is associated with the capillary permeability of thigh muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
- In humans, dysfunction of adipose tissue, even in cases without obesity, has been associated with the development of insulin resistance, hypertension, systemic inflammation, and increased risk of blood clots (thrombosis). (wikipedia.org)
- Hyperinsulinemia results in decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin, or insulin resistance, especially by the skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- Tissue insulin resistance causes increased insulin secretion, which perpetuates the cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- However, recent research suggests that the situation is more complex, in that "compensated insulin resistance is essentially physiological and health sustaining", and only when this compensatory mechanism fails does laminitis ensue. (wikipedia.org)
- Ponies and horse breeds that evolved in relatively harsh environments with only sparse grass, the proverbial "easy keeper", tend to be more prone to EMS and insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- EMS shares similarities to pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (also known as equine Cushing's disease), which also causes regional adiposity, laminitis, and sometimes insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- Whereas high testosterone levels were found to be associated with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes in women, in men high testosterone levels appear to protect from insulin resistance and diabetes. (medscape.com)
- In contrast, in both sexes, although not consistent among all studies, high estradiol levels were associated with elevated insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
- Low plasma levels of SHBG were found to be similarly strongly associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes, in men and in women in most, [ 7-11 ] but not in all, studies. (medscape.com)
- Insulin resistance is more often seen in hepatitis C than in other liver diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. (isciii.es)
- In transgenic mice models the HCV core protein has been found to induce insulin resistance via TNF production. (isciii.es)
- Insulin resistance has been associated with steatosis development and fibrosis progression in a genotype-dependent manner. (isciii.es)
- Indeed, insulin resistance has been found as a common denominator to the majority of features associated with difficult-to-treat patients. (isciii.es)
- Insulin resistance strongly influences sustained response rates, at least in genotype-1 patients. (isciii.es)
- Insulin resistance decreases during and after treatment in patients that achieved virus C clearance. (isciii.es)
- In summary, hepatitis C promotes insulin resistance and insulin resistance induces steatosis, fibrosis, and interferon resistance. (isciii.es)
- The treatment of insulin resistance by decreasing hyperinsulinemia could improve sustained response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with peginterferon plus ribavirin. (isciii.es)
- Hepatitis C. Insulin resistance. (isciii.es)
- Insulin resistance is a major feature of the metabolic syndrome. (isciii.es)
- Resistance emerges as a consequence of the inability of insulin to induce its effect on glucose metabolism. (isciii.es)
- Currently, some evidence supports a relationship between insulin resistance and hepatitis C. Indeed, insulin resistance is more often seen in patients with chronic hepatitis C than in weight-matched healthy controls, and correlates with fibrosis progression. (isciii.es)
- Besides, virus C infection may induce insulin resistance by blocking intracellular signaling, and lastly, insulin resistance has been associated with a decreased rate of sustained response to peginterferon alpha plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (isciii.es)
- Thus, insulin resistance depends on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. (isciii.es)
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance or defect of insulin secretion resulting in hyperglycemia. (hindawi.com)
- Research suggests that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are linked to the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
- A study by Gabay et al indicated that insulin resistance in female adolescents with obesity may have a negative impact on brain structure and function. (medscape.com)
- The report found, for example, that in the study population, the insular cortices in such patients tended to be thinner, a phenomenon that was not seen in male adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
- In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)
- Insulin resistance is a major metabolic feature of obesity and is a key factor in the etiology of a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
- In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms by which brief nutrient excess and obesity lead to insulin resistance and propose that these mechanisms of action are different but interrelated. (jci.org)
- We then discuss how obesity leads to insulin resistance via a complex interplay among systemic fatty acid excess, microhypoxia in adipose tissue, ER stress, and inflammation. (jci.org)
- In particular, we focus on the hypothesis that the macrophage is an important cell type in the propagation of inflammation and induction of insulin resistance in obesity. (jci.org)
- Insulin resistance is defined as an inadequate response by insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, to the physiologic effects of circulating insulin. (jci.org)
- The causes of insulin resistance can be genetic and/or acquired. (jci.org)
- Nonetheless, it is likely that any genetic component must interact with environmental factors in order for insulin resistance to develop into a pathophysiologically meaningful abnormality. (jci.org)
- In the presence of a robust compensatory insulin secretory response to insulin resistance, glucose levels can remain relatively normal. (jci.org)
- Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (nature.com)
- The rush of energy which is experienced with sugar and the spike in insulin creates an imbalance in body chemistry which is the main cause of insulin resistance and weight gain. (diethealthclub.com)
- For example, in Type 2 diabetes patients, oleic acid was found to diminish inflammation and oxidative stress and to improve glucose homeostasis, as manifested by the amelioration of insulin resistance, and increased pancreatic beta-cell survival ( 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Here, we studied mice with β-cell-specific inactivation of Igf2 (βIGF2KO mice) and assessed β-cell mass and function in aging, pregnancy, and acute induction of insulin resistance. (unige.ch)
- Finally, β-cell mass expansion in response to acute induction of insulin resistance was lower in βIGF2KO mice than in control mice. (unige.ch)
- Thus, the autocrine action of IGF2 regulates adult β-cell mass and function to preserve in vivo GSIS in aging and to adapt β-cell mass in response to metabolic stress, pregnancy hormones, and acute induction of insulin resistance. (unige.ch)
- The aim of the present study was to describe the dynamics of glucose and insulin curves in pregnant mares, and to evaluate the curves according to body condition score, identifying the presence of insulin resistance and correlating these values with the weight, height and clinical changes of the neonates. (scielo.br)
- In obese subjects, adipokines and miokines interact to promote reticulum stress, insulin resistance, metabolic inflexibility and endothelial dysfunction. (benthamscience.com)
- Visceral adipose tissue mass secretes a number of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines and growth factors leading to low grade inflammatory process and insulin resistance. (benthamscience.com)
- In the first phase of insulin resistance a compensatory hyperinsulinemia develops. (benthamscience.com)
- Recent studies suggest an association between vitamin D status, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and obesity among Canadians (12,13). (cdc.gov)
- We hypothesize that resistance to the somatotropic actions of GH and IGF-I in short SGA children may contribute directly to reduced insulin sensitivity. (nih.gov)
- Lee S, Bacha F, Hannon T, Kuk JL, Boesch C, Arslanian S " Effects of aerobic versus resistance exercise without caloric restriction on abdominal fat, intrahepatic lipid, and insulin sensitivity in obese adolescent boys: a randomized, controlled trial. . (bcm.edu)
- Lee S, Bacha F, Gungor N, Arslanian S " Comparison of different definitions of pediatric metabolic syndrome: relation to abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, adiponectin, and inflammatory biomarkers. . (bcm.edu)
- Bacha F, Saad R, Gungor N, Arslanian SA " Are obesity-related metabolic risk factors modulated by the degree of insulin resistance in adolescents? . (bcm.edu)
- Per the official website, it consists of multiple science-based components that improve glucose metabolism and inhibit insulin resistance. (kirklandreporter.com)
- Additionally, certain factors like medication, obesity, and compromised immunity cause insulin resistance leading to erratic blood sugar levels. (kirklandreporter.com)
- Reduce Insulin Resistance - The body can produce adequate insulin but fail to utilize it properly. (kirklandreporter.com)
- Such a condition is known as insulin resistance. (kirklandreporter.com)
- Amiclear supports healthy blood sugar levels by decreasing insulin resistance. (kirklandreporter.com)
- By contrast, type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) is characterized by insulin-resistance and inadequate insulin secretion. (justia.com)
- Although there are monogenic syndromes of insulin resistance, in which a definite gene has been identified as the cause of insulin resistance, these are relative rare. (justia.com)
- Because the pancreas is able to appropriately augment its secretion of insulin to offset the insulin resistance, glucose tolerance remains normal. (justia.com)
- With time, however, the beta-cell fails to maintain its high rate of insulin secretion and the insulin resistance leads to the development of impaired glucose tolerance and eventually overt diabetes mellitus. (justia.com)
- Recent statistics indicate that number of epidemiological studies standing of the role of excessive fat dep- nearly 50% of the total Arab population from each country, we did not set any osition in promoting insulin resistance, are less than 25 years of age. (who.int)
- Hypertension was diagnosed insulin resistance, such as acanthosis nigri- when the average systolic and/or diastolic cans or polycystic ovary disease (PCOD). (who.int)
- RESULTS: Insulin sensitivity (as M/I from the euglycemic clamp) is the strongest determinant of EICISR, approximately four times more influential than insulin resistance-related hypersecretion. (bvsalud.org)
- Moreover the offspring of women with abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes at an early age. (lu.se)
- Recent epidemiological studies indicate bisphenol-A (BPA), an estrogenic chemical used in production of epoxy, polycarbonate and plastic may increase risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (cdc.gov)
Type 2 diabet12
- Methylation in CpG sites of the PPARGC1A gene (encoding PGC1-α) has been associated with adiposity, insulin secretion/sensitivity indexes and type 2 diabetes. (unav.edu)
- Statin treatment increased the risk of type 2 diabetes by 46%, attributable to decreases in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. (drperlmutter.com)
- failure of the signals or of the B cells to adapt adequately in relation to insulin sensitivity results in inappropriate insulin levels, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
- Conclusions/interpretation: We validated 34 proteins that were associated with type 2 diabetes, of which 11 were associated with measures of type 2 diabetes pathophysiology such as peripheral insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. (lu.se)
- Conclusions -Possible mechanisms by which high circulating SHBG prevents the development of type 2 diabetes involve regulation of fasting glycemia but not alteration of insulin secretory function. (medscape.com)
- For relationships of circulating SHBG with insulin sensitivity and risk of type 2 diabetes, the data were more consistent among sexes. (medscape.com)
- Thus, insulin concentrations are usually high early in type-2 diabetes, but have also been seen in many subjects who are not obese or diabetic, but who have other metabolic syndrome components such as hypertriglyceridemia or arterial hypertension (1). (isciii.es)
- EICISR independently associates positively with M/I, fasting and mean OGTT glucose or type 2 diabetes, and ß-cell glucose sensitivity and negatively with African American or Hispanic race, female sex, and female age. (bvsalud.org)
- previously termed latent autoimmune diabetes of adults], type 1 diabetes [antibody positive/insulin positive (ab+/ins+)], and type 2 diabetes [antibody negative/insulin negative (ab−/ins−)], as well as glucose-tolerant humans (controls) of the German Diabetes Study (n = 41/group). (medscape.com)
- [ 5 ] These patients may present with some clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes [ 8 ] and are preferentially treated with oral glucose-lowering medication or incretins, as insulin is not required during the first years after diagnosis. (medscape.com)
- Regarding β -cell function in patients with LADA, some but not all studies show an accelerated decline in insulin secretion comparedwith type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
- [ 14 , 15 ] However, only few data exist on β -cell function and insulin sensitivity in patients with adult-onset autoimmune diabetes compared with type 2 diabetes and controls. (medscape.com)
Pancreatic7
- We present data showing alterations in tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, insulin secretion, and amino acid metabolism in pancreatic islets of Langerhans cultured in a ground-based cell culture bioreactor that mimics some of the effects of microgravity. (nih.gov)
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological state in which pancreatic β cells cannot release adequate insulin to meet the increased insulin demand [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- When insulin is unable to induce glucose uptake, pancreatic beta-cells increase insulin production and the hyperinsulinemic state prevents hyperglycemia. (isciii.es)
- Type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) is due primarily to autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency. (justia.com)
- In response to hyperglycemia after a meal, pancreatic insulin secretion is stimulated and the combination of hyperinsulinemia plus hyperglycemia promotes glucose uptake (by splanchnic and peripheral, primarily muscle, tissues) and suppresses hepatic glucose production. (justia.com)
- This report is an attempt to char- obesity, serum pancreatic auto-antibodies acterize the features of DM2 in children and fasting serum C peptide and insulin lev- and adolescents attending a 500-bed teach- els. (who.int)
- In pancreatic β-cells, the active of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels play an essential role in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). (lu.se)
Hyperglycemia7
- Changes in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in relation to hyperglycemia were independent of obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Obesity did not affect changes in insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion in relation to hyperglycemia. (diabetesjournals.org)
- however, only in the early stages of impaired insulin metabolism do hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia appear to be significant contributors to the presence of hypertension. (medscape.com)
- The results showed hyperglycemia in response to OST with normal insulin values at foaling with a subsequent fall in both values at lactation disregarding group division. (scielo.br)
- Diabetes is a highly ageing-related disease manifesting with a deteriorated capacity of insulin secretion and uncontrolled blood glucose-raising, hyperglycemia. (lu.se)
- Recent studies have shown that a magnetic field can improve hyperglycemia in diabetic mice by enhancing insulin sensitivity, but the effect of a magnetic field on insulin secretion is unclear. (lu.se)
- Even shortly after diagnosis, ab+/ins− patients feature partly preserved β -cell function and chronic hyperglycemia, which possibly contributes to the observed impairment of whole-body insulin sensitivity. (medscape.com)
Adipose tissue6
- Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine fat mass and visceral adipose tissue, and fasting venous blood samples were collected for analysis of glucose, insulin and C-peptide and for targeted proteomics, measuring a total of 184. (lu.se)
- In contrast, most of the associations between IGFBP2 and insulin dynamics, except for insulin secretion, were mediated by either fat mass index or visceral adipose tissue in men and women. (lu.se)
- It is possible adipokines and cytokines made in adipose tissue down-regulate insulin pathways. (wikipedia.org)
- The hallmarks of impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues are decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue. (jci.org)
- Encouraging preclinical results suggest that β3-AR agonists could also improve obesity-related metabolic disease by increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis, and insulin sensitivity.METHODS We treated 14 healthy women of diverse ethnicities (27.5 ± 1.1 years of age, BMI of 25.4 ± 1.2 kg/m2) with 100 mg mirabegron (Myrbetriq extended-release tablet, Astellas Pharma) for 4 weeks in an open-label study. (jci.org)
- Insulin-dependent tissues, adipose tissue and primarily skeletal muscles, are responsible for the remaining 25% of glucose utilization. (justia.com)
Obesity5
- It is of primary concern due to its link to obesity, insulin dysregulation, and subsequent laminitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Insulin dysregulation is commonly seen in horses with EMS, and is associated with obesity. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 20 ] This is in agreement with human studies showing that low circulating SHBG was not associated with elevated insulin levels [ 21 ] but was associated with obesity and dyslipidemia, conditions that are strongly associated with fatty liver in humans. (medscape.com)
- Overall, we provide our integrative perspective regarding how nutrients and obesity interact to regulate insulin sensitivity. (jci.org)
- Certain factors such as obesity, genetics, dietary issues, and an increase in toxicity can hinder optimal insulin secretion leading to an erratic glycemic index. (kirklandreporter.com)
Hyperinsulinemia4
- Horses with EMS will have an increased insulin response after they are given oral sugars, which will cause a subsequent rise in blood insulin levels, or hyperinsulinemia. (wikipedia.org)
- Horses will be insulin resistant (IR), and may have hyperinsulinemia, have abnormal blood glucose, or abnormal insulin responses to glucose. (wikipedia.org)
- To determine whether hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin sensitivity in individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) could be related to persisting abnormalities of the GH/IGF-I axis, we assessed overnight GH secretory profiles and measured fasting glucose, insulin, intact and 32,33 split proinsulin, and IGF-I levels in 16 short SGA children (age range 2.3-8.0 y) and in controls. (nih.gov)
- Bacha F, Saad R, Gungor N, Arslanian SA " Does adiponectin explain the lower insulin sensitivity and hyperinsulinemia of African-American children? . (bcm.edu)
Changes in insulin2
- A new study published in Bone aimed to explore if bone turnover markers were associated with insulin secretion and sensitivity and to determine if bone turnover markers predict changes in insulin secretion and sensitivity. (emedinexus.com)
- However, most of these studies have been cross-sectional, and none of these studies has investigated the association of amino acids (AAs) with changes in insulin secretion in a longitudinal setting. (diabetesjournals.org)
Metabolism4
- Alterations in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and metabolism of protein and amino acids support the hypothesis that insulin plays an essential role in the maintenance of muscle mass in extended-duration space flight. (nih.gov)
- Prolonged IV insulin administration can induce laminitis, possibly due to its effects on blood flow to the foot, changes of glucose metabolism and secondary matrix metalloproteinase activation, or altered cell function within the foot. (wikipedia.org)
- Secondary endpoints included resting energy expenditure (REE), plasma metabolites, and glucose and insulin metabolism as assessed by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test.RESULTS Chronic mirabegron therapy increased BAT metabolic activity. (jci.org)
- Fasting results in lower blood glucose levels and higher insulin sensitivity, which is essential for a healthy metabolism and weight loss. (amalunawellness.com)
Normoglycemic4
- We assessed the association between the methylation profile of the PPARGC1A gene promoter gene in leukocytes with insulin secretion/sensitivity indexes in normoglycemic women. (unav.edu)
- Insulin sensitivity and early-phase insulin secretion in normoglycemic Huntington's disease patients. (ox.ac.uk)
- Peripheral insulin sensitivity was already decreased substantially at low PG levels within the normoglycemic range, whereas impairment in insulin secretion was observed mainly in the diabetic range of FPG and 2-h PG. (diabetesjournals.org)
- This method measures the quantity of glucose required to maintain normoglycemic levels during insulin infusion. (isciii.es)
Metabolic1
- Overall, although additional studies with detailed information on both anthropometric measures and metabolic parameters are needed, these findings are consistent with those from previous studies suggesting that being overweight or obese and metabolically unhealthy increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, whereas women who are overweight or obese and have normal insulin levels are not at higher risk. (who.int)
Plasma glucose4
- A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an abbreviated version of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were carried out in n = 57 Chilean nondiabetic women with measurements of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. (unav.edu)
- We evaluated insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion across the entire range of fasting (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose (PG), and we investigated the differences in insulin sensitivity and insulin release in different glucose tolerance categories. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Laboratory tests include the plasma glucose level, the fasting insulin level, and a lipid profile, among others. (medscape.com)
- In addition, insulin is the most important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis, as it counteracts glucagon and other catabolic hormones-epinephrine, glucocorticoid, and growth hormone. (medscape.com)
Adiposity1
Skeletal4
- Insulin signaling is preserved in skeletal muscle during early diabetic ketoacidosis. (medscape.com)
- When certain tissues that are sensitive to insulin, such as skeletal muscle, develop triglyceride deposits, cellular functions are altered, one of which is insulin signaling. (wikipedia.org)
- Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)
- We discuss how pathways that "sense" nutrients within skeletal muscle are readily able to regulate insulin action. (jci.org)
Receptor5
- Ambient insulin levels, various physiologic and disease states, and drugs regulate insulin receptor concentration or affinity. (medscape.com)
- Insulin signaling through the insulin receptor increases linear growth through effects on bone and the GH-IGF-1 axis. (medscape.com)
- Insulin, after binding its receptor, induces the phosphorylation of receptor substrates in the liver and muscles, and induces several steps toward the transactivation of GLUT-4, which increases glucose uptake by cells and its storage as glycogen, and inhibits the net production of glucose by the liver, thus blocking glycogenolysis and neoglycogenesis. (isciii.es)
- Autoimmunity to insulin or insulin receptor is associated with elevated insulin levels. (medscape.com)
- Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), produced and secreted by adult β-cells, functions as an autocrine activator of the β-cell insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling pathway. (unige.ch)
Pancreas1
- In T2DM, peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity and β -cell pancreas insulin secretion are disrupted. (hindawi.com)
Diabetes Mellitus1
- Recent studies, investigating the increased risk of diabetes mellitus and impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion in HD patients, led to contradictory results.ObjectiveTo investigate glucose homeostasis in HD.MethodsTwenty-eight consecutive patients with HD and 28 healthy controls were matched for age, sex, and BMI. (ox.ac.uk)
Improve insulin sensitivity2
Matsuda1
Characterized by impaired2
- Isolated IFG was characterized by impaired early and total insulin release. (diabetesjournals.org)
- It is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action. (lu.se)
Increases2
- Insulin secretion increases when insulin sensitivity decreases. (isciii.es)
- Fasting increases secretion of human growth hormone (HGH). (amalunawellness.com)
OGTT5
- Insulin sensitivity and secretion were evaluated with OGTT-derived indices. (drperlmutter.com)
- Glucose tolerance was evaluated with a 2-h glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (75 g glucose) including three time points (glucose and insulin levels measured at 0, 30, and 120 min) according to the American Diabetes Association criteria ( 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Insulin sensitivity was estimated from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (IS OGTT ) and measured by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (IS clamp , n = 172). (medscape.com)
- Insulin secretion was measured during the OGTT and an ivGTT ( n = 172). (medscape.com)
- Burns SF, Bacha F, Lee SJ, Tfayli H, Gungor N, Arslanian SA " Declining {beta}-Cell Function Relative to Insulin Sensitivity With Escalating OGTT 2-h Glucose Concentrations in the Nondiabetic Through the Diabetic Range in Overweight Youth. . (bcm.edu)
HOMA-IR1
Lower insulin sensitivity1
- Compared with short normal-birthweight controls (n = 7, age range 2.3-5.0 y), short SGA children had higher fasting insulin levels (means: 26.8 vs 20.6 pmol/L, p = 0.02), lower insulin sensitivity [means: 204 vs 284 %homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), p = 0.01], and higher beta cell function (112 vs 89 %HOMA, p = 0.04). (nih.gov)
Peripheral insulin sensitivity1
- The predominant feature of isolated IGT was impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity. (diabetesjournals.org)
Homeostasis model2
- The Homeostasis Model for Assessment [HOMA= fasting insulin (mUI/ml) * fasting glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5] has proved useful in the measurement of insulin sensitivity in euglycemic patients. (isciii.es)
- Insulin sensitivity was calculated using the homeostasis model. (nih.gov)
Glucagon2
- GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion, causes B-cell mitosis while inhibiting apoptosis, inhibits glucagon secretion, and delays gastric emptying with overall antidiabetic effects. (medscape.com)
- β -Cell function was assessed from glucagon tests and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs), and insulin sensitivity was determined from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. (medscape.com)
Humans1
- This is similar to type II diabetes in humans, where the action of insulin is impaired, despite often elevated concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
Tissues1
- After an overnight fast, insulin-independent tissues, the brain (50%) and splanchnic organs (25%), account for most of the total body glucose disposal. (justia.com)
Measures of insulin1
Autoimmune1
- To determine incidence rate of diabetes in all women in Skåne with GDM, impaired glucose tolerance or normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy (inclusion period three years) by means of OGTTs 1-2 and 5 years postpartum and to characterize these women with regard to anthropometric variables, parameters of insulin secretion and sensitivity, autoimmune and genetic markers. (lu.se)
Genetic2
- On the other hand sugar sensitivity is a genetic condition where in people are unable to handle the consumption of sugar. (diethealthclub.com)
- TCF7L2 Genetic Variants Do Not Influence Insulin Sensitivity or Secretion Indices in Autoantibody-Positive Individuals at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes. (cdc.gov)
Glycemic1
- Artemisia dracunculus administration on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. (greenmedinfo.com)
Impairment1
- The earliest detectable abnormality in NIDDM is an impairment in the body's ability to respond to insulin. (justia.com)
Elevated insulin levels1
- Excessive administration of insulin is associated with elevated insulin levels. (medscape.com)
Concentrations1
Levels12
- Patients showed lower serum glucose (-19%) and insulin levels (-48%) at 30 min and higher serum insulin levels at 90 (+132%) and 120 min (+380%).ConclusionsOur data do not support an increased risk of diabetes among HD patients although they show glucose regulation abnormalities with a flat glucose curve and delayed insulin peak after oral glucose load. (ox.ac.uk)
- 5.8 × 10 −5 ) associated with decreases in insulin secretion (disposition index) and the elevation of fasting or 2-h glucose levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Studies indicated that high insulin levels decrease the release of SHBG from hepatocytes, [ 16 , 17 ] which represent the major source of SHBG biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
- Although blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acids, and liver enzyme levels did not differ between groups, decreased insulin sensitivity was found in the NDh group. (frontiersin.org)
- Post OST insulin levels were higher in GrOb than GrM and GrOv at parturition. (scielo.br)
- The chronically high levels of insulin that result interfere with the satiety hormone leptin, which makes the body think it is starving and causes the animal to eat more. (robbwolf.com)
- In conclusion, elevated fasting insulin levels and reduced insulin sensitivity in short SGA children was related to elevated levels of overnight GH secretion. (nih.gov)
- 0.01), reduced hemoglobin A1c levels (P = 0.01), and improved insulin sensitivity (P = 0.03) and β cell function (P = 0.01). (jci.org)
- The human body secretes insulin to balance blood sugar levels. (kirklandreporter.com)
- Most people with diabetes cannot produce adequate insulin to balance their glucose levels. (kirklandreporter.com)
- Excess body fatness and high insulin levels are both associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. (who.int)
- However, it is not well documented whether women with high body fatness who have normal insulin sensitivity (a low level of circulating insulin or low C-peptide levels) or women with normal body fatness who have elevated levels of insulin are at increased risk of breast cancer. (who.int)
Decreases1
- Decreases in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were dose dependent for simvastatin and atorvastatin. (drperlmutter.com)
Absolute insulin deficiency1
- Diabetes is a global public health burden and is characterized clinically by relative or absolute insulin deficiency. (researchgate.net)
Expressed genes1
- By analyzing changes in gene expression following the long-term culturing period, we identify three aging-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in insulin secretion or insulin production. (lu.se)
T2DM1
Increase insulin1
- Amiclear states that chromium can increase insulin sensitivity and aid the body in metabolizing excess glucose. (kirklandreporter.com)