• This protein forms a tetrameric complex with the alpha subunit, and stimulates transcription of target genes. (nih.gov)
  • The last model integrates then all the genes of the cell and takes into account their interactions in the productions of different proteins through a common sharing of RNA-polymerases and ribosomes, available in limited quantities. (hal.science)
  • Further, we constructed protein interaction networks of the genes identified by the feature selection method and gene ontology analysis elucidated the role of the proteins in the progression of the parasite through its life cycle. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates size of hair follicles and modulates the expression of cell cycle-associated genes. (brad.ac.uk)
  • These data suggest that BMP signaling plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and controls the size of anagen HFs by modulating the expression of cell-cycle-associated genes in hair matrix KC. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Here, we induced knockout (KO) mutations in erlotinib-resistant human lung cancer cells (NCI-H820) using a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA library to screen for genes involved in erlotinib susceptibility. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Gene set analyses showed a significant depletion of 'cell cycle process' and 'protein ubiquitination pathway' genes among erlotinib-treated cells. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Chemical inhibitors targeting genes in these two pathways, such as nutlin-3 and carfilzomib, increased cancer cell death when combined with erlotinib in both in vitro cell line and in vivo patient-derived xenograft experiments. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Genes for proteins interacting with other hormones may have a greater effect. (cdc.gov)
  • Future analyses will include polymorphisms in additional genes encoding enzymes important in carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, cell cycle control, and immune function, and additional occupational exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Cdc7 is needed for proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Together, these results show a strong preventive efficacy of silibinin against photocarcinogenesis, which involves the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression and an induction of apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • Icariin can inhibit the proliferation and colony forming ability of medulloblastoma cells, induce cell arrest in synthesis phase by inhibiting the expression of cyclin A, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin B1, and induce cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • We also aimed to evaluate the expression of TGF-β1 and p27 in the context of other cell cycle and proliferation markers such as cyclin D1 and Ki-67. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growth factors do not only stimulate cell proliferation, but they may also act as growth inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulatory pathway that is involved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been reported that TGF-β influence different cell functions, including growth, proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TYRO3 or AXL gene knockdown reduced cell proliferation/colony formation. (nature.com)
  • Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency causes reduced proliferation of cells under conditions of limited asparagine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cancer cells demand high energy production to sustain their pathological increase in proliferation rate. (hindawi.com)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Moreover, in adults, Merkel cells undergo slow turnover and are replaced by cells originating from epidermal stem cells, not through the proliferation of differentiated Merkel cells. (medscape.com)
  • Markedly enlarged anagen HFs of TG mice show increased proliferation in the matrix and an increased number of hair cortex and medulla cells compared with WT HFs. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Similar to TG mice, p27(Kip1) knockout mice also show an increased size of anagen HFs associated with increased cell proliferation in the hair bulb. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Surprisingly, in the light of previous studies with other cells, the PP2A-dependent proliferation could be dissociated from activation by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) in macrophages because OA did not affect either the basal or CSF-1-induced ERK activity in BMM. (edu.au)
  • The prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor SUAM-14746 attenuates the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • Protein 53 is very important in protecting against cancer given that it prevents cancer-causing mutations from accumulating and its inactivation is closely linked to the proliferation of tumour cells. (scienceblog.com)
  • Aspects of cell proliferation in oral epithelial dysplastic lesions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three sequential phosphorylation events on specific residues of p27, regulate the activity of these complexes and ultimately control cell cycle proliferation or arrest. (lu.se)
  • Silibinin also showed a strong phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, stress-activated protein kinase/c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases but inhibited Akt phosphorylation and decreased survivin levels with an increase in cleaved caspase-3. (nih.gov)
  • We characterized the ATM protein expression in immortalized cells from AT and AT-variant patients, and heterozygotes and correlated it with two ATM-dependent radiation responses, G1 checkpoint arrest and p53-Ser 15 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • The radiation-induced phosphorylation of p53 protein at serine 15, largely mediated by ATM kinase, was defective in AT, A(-T) and in 2/4 heterozygous carriers, while the G1 cell cycle checkpoint was disrupted in all AT and A(-T) cases, and in 3/10 AT heterozygotes. (nih.gov)
  • However, this limited expression of ATM protein provides no benefit regarding the ATM-dependent responses related to G1 arrest and p53-ser15 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on the cell cycle distribution and activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal molecules (ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38) in human embryo lung cells (HELF), and to investigate the relationship between alterations of MAPK protein phosphorylation and the cell cycle distributions. (uky.edu)
  • METHODS: The phosphorylation of MAPK were induced by exposing HELF cells to BaP at 0.1, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 micromol/L. The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 were determined through western-blotting assay. (uky.edu)
  • Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translation modification of proteins and regulates many biological processes. (lu.se)
  • Reinitiation of DNA synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, and serum deprivation, but not by Colcemid, suggesting that a functional G1 phase dependent on de novo synthesis of protein and RNA is essential for entry into the next S phase. (rupress.org)
  • These results suggest that a putative protein kinase(s) sensitive to K-252a plays an important role in the mechanism for preventing over-replication after completion of previous DNA synthesis. (rupress.org)
  • During S- phase of cell cycle, synthesis of histone proteins takes place as the chromosome number gets doubled to that of somatic number. (zigya.com)
  • The mechanism, which is based on the synthesis and degradation of three ''master regulator'' proteins (CtrA, GcrA, and DnaA), is converted into a quantitative model, in order to study the temporal dynamics of these and other cell cycle proteins. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • A fission yeast general translation factor reveals links between protein synthesis and cell cycle controls. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It has been suggested that the protein is essential for initiation of DNA replication and that it plays a role in regulating cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. (oncotarget.com)
  • In addition, we found that HBX introduction downregulated miR-18a, upregulated CTGF, elevated the viability, and promoted cell cycle progression. (medscimonit.com)
  • The biological functions of HMGB1 are diverse in normal cells and during the start and progression of cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Progression of a cell through the division cycle is tightly controlled at different steps to ensure the integrity of genome replication and partitioning to daughter cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Further analysis with flow cytometry in the presence of OA led to the novel conclusion that PP2A activity is critical for CSF-1-driven BMM cell cycle progression in both early G1 and S phases. (edu.au)
  • Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
  • This gene is located in a cluster of closely related salivary proline-rich proteins on chromosome 12. (cancerindex.org)
  • Our study additionally shows that the majority of AT heterozygotes express almost halved levels of ATM protein, sufficient in most cases to normally regulate the ATM-dependent DNA damage-response pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Note: Not all eukaryotic proteins are degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. (stackexchange.com)
  • An early event in the signal transduction pathway induced by these cell-cell interactions is the rapid inactivation of a flagellar protein kinase that phosphorylates a 48 kDa flagellar protein. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The product encoded by this gene is predominantly localized in the nucleus and is a cell division cycle protein with kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although expression levels of the protein appear to be constant throughout the cell cycle, the protein kinase activity appears to increase during S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the effective concentration of K-252a did not cause significant inhibition of affinity-purified p34cdc2 protein kinase activity in vitro, in vivo the full activation of p34cdc2 kinase during the G2/M was blocked by K-252a. (rupress.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Even as the nature of the exact cell in which Merkel cell carcinoma oncogenesis occurs is controversial, there is strong support for the notion that Merkel cell carcinoma results from of one of two distinct pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, we propose that targeting cell cycle processes or protein ubiquitination pathways are promising treatment strategies for overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Are there multiple proteolytic pathways contributing to c-Fos, c-Jun and p53 protein degradation in vivo? (cnrs.fr)
  • The expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein in low, medium and high dose groups was significantly lower than that in control group and decreased with the increase of dose. (ijpsonline.com)
  • To do so, we model the cell cycle as a partially temporal network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) by combining a traditional static PPI network with protein concentration or RNA expression time series data. (biorxiv.org)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • After the cell is born a protein molecule is synthesized by gene expression for the very first time de novo . (stackexchange.com)
  • p27 expression is reduced in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and decreased protein levels of p27 may play a role in the differentiation of pancreatic cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has also been demonstrated that TGF-β induced cell cycle arrest can be partially attributed to the regulatory effects of TGF-β on both the expression and activity of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [CDKI] such as p21 and p27. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The encoded protein may be involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)
  • The TAM receptor and ligand expression was evaluated in LMS cell lines and 358 sarcoma samples by either gene expression or immunohistochemistry. (nature.com)
  • High expression of TYRO3 and AXL was detected in LMS cell lines. (nature.com)
  • The good understanding of gene expression requires therefore to resort to stochastic models that are able to characterise the different origins of protein production variability as well as the biological devices that potentially control it. (hal.science)
  • Recent advances in single cell RNA-sequencing (sc-RNA) techniques paved new ways to characterize gene expression changes during the development stages of the plasmodium life cycle [4,5]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • This protein was produced in an in vitro wheat germ expression system that should preserve correct conformational folding that is necessary for biological function. (novusbio.com)
  • Increased expression of p53 and Ki67 was found in areas of squamous hyperplasia (SH) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) which correlated with the subsequent development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (bmj.com)
  • We also observed a clear increase in CTGF mRNA and protein expression levels in HBV-positive HCC human tissue samples in comparison with the HBV-negative controls, indicating a possible negatively associated relationship between miR-18a and CTGF. (medscimonit.com)
  • Expression of the L1 protein using recombinant DNA technology produces noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). (cdc.gov)
  • Our data suggest that translational inhibition of B-cyclin expression represents a third mechanism, in addition to cyclin degradation and Rum1 inhibition, that contributes to Cdc2 inactivation as cells exit from the mitotic cell cycle and prepare for meiosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • BFP expression in A549-Cas9-Blast stable cells infected with arrayed CRISPR lenti-gRNA viruses, seven days post infection, 20X magnification. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Microarray and real-time PCR analyses of the laser-captured hair matrix cells show a strong decrease in expression of Cdk inhibitor p27(Kip1) and increased expression of selected cyclins in TG vs. WT mice. (brad.ac.uk)
  • This study explores the use of a simple human neurosphere-based in vitro model to characterise the pharmacological and toxicological effects of LiCl and VPA using gene expression changes linked to phenotypic alterations in cells. (plos.org)
  • In addition, in order to phenotypically anchor the gene expression data, changes in the heterogeneity of cell subtype populations and cell cycle phase were monitored using flow cytometry. (plos.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Moreover, resynthesis of new flagellar proteins following deflagellation was not accompanied by increases in transcript levels of SksC, suggesting that expression of this soluble protein kinase might not be restricted to flagella. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Immunoblot analysis indicated that expression of SksC was ubiquitous: this soluble protein was found in both flagella and cell bodies and was expressed throughout the cell cycle and gametogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Both Northern and Western blot analyses confirmed the increased expression of one of the cDNA species identified as coding for the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), an observation not previously reported during the response to a growth factor. (edu.au)
  • Malnutrition, both protein-energy mal- aimed to assess the use of CD95 expression nutrition (PEM) and micronutrient defi- as a marker for following up these patients ciencies, continues to be a major health during their nutritional rehabilitation and burden in developing countries. (who.int)
  • The expression of p53 in epithelial hyperkeratosis was mainly localized to basal epithelial cells whereas in epithelial dysplasia, it was predominantly localized to spinous epithelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prognostic significance of p53 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma without neck node metastases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Expression of cell cycle proteins in head and neck cancer correlates with tumour site rather than tobacco use. (bvsalud.org)
  • 9. Iamaroon A, Khemaleelakul U, Pongsiriwet S, Pintong J. Co-expression of p53 and Ki67 and lack of EBV expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Expression of p53 in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa: correlation with expression of Ki67. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Cdc7/Dbf4 complex adds a phosphate group to the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex allowing for the initiation of DNA replication in mitosis (as explained in the Cdc7 and Replication section below). (wikipedia.org)
  • Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that is essential in activating oncogenic transcription factors. (oncotarget.com)
  • This gene encodes the GA-binding protein transcription factor, beta subunit. (nih.gov)
  • Note: In August, 2008, the nomenclature of the GA binding protein transcription factors was clarified. (nih.gov)
  • In a model with a changing volume that follows the cell cycle, we integrate successively the protein production mechanism (transcription and translation), the random segregation of compounds at divi- sion, and the gene replication. (hal.science)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • The c-Fos and c-Jun oncoproteins and the p53 tumor suppressor protein are short-lived transcription factors. (cnrs.fr)
  • We transfected HepG2.2.15 with miR-18a mimics and CTGF siRNA, finding that upregulated miR-18a and downregulated CTGF suppress the viability and cause cell cycle arrest. (medscimonit.com)
  • We show that B-cyclin translation is specifically inhibited upon nitrogen starvation of wild-type cells, when B-cyclin/Cdc2 inactivation is a prerequisite for G(1) arrest and subsequent mating. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESc) can also be used to analyze the in vitro development from undifferentiated pluripotent cells leading to terminally differentiated cell types, recapitulating the process of early embryonic development [5] . (plos.org)
  • Transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] is such an example, being a growth stimulator in fibroblastic cells with TGF-β receptors, but a negative regulator in epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After chromatin undergoes changes in telophase of mitosis, the hexameric protein complex of MCM proteins 2-7 forms part of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) by binding to the chromatin and other aiding proteins (Cdc6 and Cdt1). (wikipedia.org)
  • Uncoupled cell cycle without mitosis induced by a protein kinase inhibitor, K-252a. (rupress.org)
  • The staurosporine analogues, K-252a and RK-286C, were found to cause DNA re-replication in rat diploid fibroblasts (3Y1) without an intervening mitosis, producing tetraploid cells. (rupress.org)
  • In a src-transformed 3Y1 cell line, as well as other cell lines, giant cells containing polyploid nuclei with DNA contents of 16C to 32C were produced by continuous treatment with K-252a, indicating that the agent induced several rounds of the incomplete cell cycle without mitosis. (rupress.org)
  • They also suggest that a periodic activation of p34cdc2 is required for S phases in the cell cycle without mitosis. (rupress.org)
  • Colchicine prevents the mitosis of the cells at which of the following stage? (zigya.com)
  • After differentiation, fully developed cereal endosperm makes up to 75% of the grain weight and covers four major cell types: aleurone, starchy endosperm, transfer cells, and the cells of the embryo surrounding region 1 . (nature.com)
  • The cell cycle and cellular differentiation in bacteria. (lu.se)
  • To investigate the effect of icariin on cell cycle and apoptosis of medulloblastoma cells and its mechanism. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • This kinase is found to be necessary for BCL-ABL-mediated resistance to drug-induced apoptosis and therefore protects leukemia cells against drug-induced apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • If the damage is not repaired on time, the activation of p53 results in programmed cell death known as apoptosis. (scienceblog.com)
  • Recent studies denoted that alterations in growth factors and growth factor receptors seem to influence the biologic behaviour of pancreatic cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • begingroup$ One missing aspect (for Eukaryotes) is that step 5 is actively promoted by tagging with ubiquitin ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin ). (stackexchange.com)
  • Proteins tagged with ubiquitin (i.e. ubiquitinated) are recognized and degraded by proteasomes. (stackexchange.com)
  • The small protein ubiquitin plays a vital role in virtually all aspects of cellular life. (intechopen.com)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • Medulloblastoma cell line D341 was cultured and divided into control group, low dose group, medium dose group and high dose group. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Lichen sclerosus (LS) has a known association with the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. (bmj.com)
  • Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma with growing incidence and high metastatic potential. (medscape.com)
  • This skin cancer has been called by several other names, including primary small-cell carcinoma of the skin, APUDoma, primary undifferentiated carcinoma of the skin, and the Toker tumor. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] As neuroendocrine carcinomas were thought to be of neural crest origin, in 1978 Tang and Toker proposed that this carcinoma might be derived from Merkel cells. (medscape.com)
  • With the advent of improved immunohistochemical profiling, the tumor was reclassified as Merkel cell carcinoma because shared epithelial and neuroendocrine markers, along with ultrastructural features suggestive of neural crest origin, were observed in both the constituent tumor cell and the physiologic Merkel cell of the skin. (medscape.com)
  • Ultimately, it is unclear whether the eponymous Merkel cell is truly a histiogenic precursor of Merkel cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] Sunshine et al offer that perhaps there are multiple cell-line precursors of Merkel cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 9 ] Since our understanding of the histogenesis is still evolving, some authors choose to refer to Merkel cell carcinoma as neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin or cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Also see Merkel Cell Tumors of the Head and Neck and Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Rare Appendageal Tumors . (medscape.com)
  • risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • A prospective of five cervical cancer screening tests assessed the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Mesquita HB, Gross M, Helzlsouer K, Jacobs EJ, mous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
  • To study oral hyperplastic epithelium, dysplastic epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma todetermine (1) the prevalence of p53 protein immunoreactivity, (2) number of p53 positive cells, and (3) the area of localization of p53 protein immunoreactivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two contiguous sections from 30 tissue specimens (10 each from oral hyperplastic epithelium, dysplastic epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma) were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H/E) staining for histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for demonstration of p53. (bvsalud.org)
  • Higher p53 positive cell counts were demonstrated in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared to hyperplastic and dysplastic tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • However the quantitative analysis of p53 positive cells and their localization in oral epithelium is of importance as a marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • early event of malignant transformation and has a predictive value for developing oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • preneoplastic oral lesion and oral squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • Basal cell carcinoma of the right lower lid. (medscape.com)
  • Within skin, Merkel cells have also been shown to cluster in the basal layers of the interfollicular epidermis in specialized epithelial structures called touch domes, where they are juxtaposed with epidermal keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] Furthermore, experiments have demonstrated that epidermal progenitors in the touch domes are capable of producing Merkel cell lines and that epithelial progenitor populations in adults have the capacity to give rise to both neuroendocrine and squamous lineages. (medscape.com)
  • Other suggested cells of origin include the neural crest‒derived cell of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system, dermal fibroblasts, pre or pro B cells, residual epidermal stem cells, and epithelial, non-Merkel cell progenitors. (medscape.com)
  • p53 positivity was looked for in each IHC stained slide and the number of positive cells amongst 1,000 epithelial cells were recorded. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Predictive Role of p53 Protein as a Single Marker or Associated to Ki67 Antigen in Oral Carcinogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, hormone receptor negative (triple negative) tumors overwhelmingly overexpress p53 protein in tumor cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Thus, endomembrane-modifying proteins within the endomembrane system will have an influence on the final grain quality/yield and recombinant protein production. (nature.com)
  • MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After being promoted to Senior Investigator, he moved to Singapore where he worked at the Institute of Molecular Cell Biology (IMCB/A*STAR/National University of Singapore). (lu.se)
  • The course is an optional second-cycle course for a degree of Bachelor or Master of Science in Biology. (lu.se)
  • Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This causes the gene encoding the protein, which in humans is the TP53 gene, to be seen as a tumour suppressor since its inactivation can make it easier for many types of tumour cells to develop. (scienceblog.com)
  • The Cdc7 kinase is involved in regulation of the cell cycle at the point of chromosomal DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • right after replication is over, the protein levels drop. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Cdc7 is attached to the Dbf4 protein the entire complex is held in place during replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is most likely due to the change in conformation allowing the remainder of replication machinery proteins to be loaded. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA replication can begin after all the necessary proteins are in place. (wikipedia.org)
  • Classical models of protein production usually consider a constant volume, without any division or gene replication and with constant concentrations of RNA-polymerases and ribosomes. (hal.science)
  • It acts as a tumor suppressor and when the protein is lost, cells can undergo unscheduled replication, which may eventually lead to cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The model accounts for important details of the physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of cell cycle control in stalked C. crescentus cell. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • From the location of its generation (combination or recombination, see below) the protein travels to its final destination, e.g. as an ion channel in the cell membrane. (stackexchange.com)
  • Do you possibly know typical life times of ion channels (membrane proteins)? (stackexchange.com)
  • Later, when Abeta also accumulates in critical amounts outside the cells, this may suck out the internal Abeta, like osmosis of molecules over a membrane to have equal concentrations on both sides. (lu.se)
  • notably, integration of proteomics data with in situ subcellular microscopic analyses showed a high abundance of cytoskeleton proteins associated with acidified PBs at the early development stages. (nature.com)
  • Here, we recover the temporal organisation of the cell cycle of budding yeast into phases and subphases, in an automated way. (biorxiv.org)
  • The gene, CDC7, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle because of the gene product Cdc7 kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the two proteins, Cdc7 and Dbf4, must form a complex before activating the MCM complex, the regulation of one protein is sufficient for both. (wikipedia.org)
  • A Data-Driven, Mathematical Model of Mammalian Cell Cycle Regulation. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • To develop a data-driven model of cell cycle regulation, we used contiguous, dynamic measurements over two time scales (minutes and hours) calculated from static multiparametric cytometry data. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in the regulation of a large variety of developmental programs, including those controlling organ sizes. (brad.ac.uk)
  • Philipp was trained as a hard-core biochemist and in his own lab uses extensively genetically modified mice to study cell cycle regulation and human disease. (lu.se)
  • More generally, bioinformatics analyses have shown that ~15% of all phosphorylated residues are buried in the non-phosphorylated state, suggesting that transient exposure might be a general mechanism involved in protein regulation. (lu.se)
  • Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder derived from a subset of naive pregerminal center cells localized in primary follicles or in the mantle region of secondary follicles. (medscape.com)
  • Based on proteome annotation and a homology search, 94 proteins associated with the endomembrane system were identified that exhibited significant changes in abundance during grain development. (nature.com)
  • Commonly used radio- and chemotherapies are prooxidant strategies that alter cancer cells through ROS modulation and induce cell death [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • First, we showed that one could induce the formation of prion-like Abeta inside a cell, something that had never been shown before. (lu.se)
  • The Abeta plaques are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, Abeta is the first biomarker that is altered, heritable forms of Alzheimer's rely on mutations in the Abeta protein* or enzymes involved in its production, and a mutation that reduces Abeta production protects against AD. (lu.se)
  • In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • Cancer cells try to avoid the overproduction of reactive oxygen species by metabolic rearrangements. (hindawi.com)
  • This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • In cancer cells, ROS production is mainly due to overexpression of the NADPH oxidase [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • While a balance between enhanced ROS production and detoxification can be maintained, cancer cells will proliferate and survive. (hindawi.com)
  • High-risk types (e.g., types 16 and 18) can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high-grade cervical cell abnormalities that are precursors to cancer, and cancers ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The results of the study, published in Science, are revealing and help to understand more about the functions of this essential protein which stops the formation of tumours and therefore could open the door to new approaches in the study of cancer. (scienceblog.com)
  • Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 4 (MEN 4) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by adenomas and sometimes hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and tumors of the pancreatic islet cells and/or pituitary gland. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, we investigated the effect of HBX overexpression on miR-18a and CTGF, as well as the viability and cell cycle status of HepG2 cells. (medscimonit.com)
  • The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
  • On Western blots, the full-length ATM protein was detected in eight of 18 AT cases, albeit at 1-32% of the normal levels, whereas a truncated ATM protein was detected in a single case, despite the prevalence among cases of truncation mutations. (nih.gov)
  • Altogether, our study shows that AT and A(-T) cases bearing truncation mutations of the ATM gene can produce modest amounts of full-length (and only rarely truncated) ATM protein. (nih.gov)
  • These are as follows: sustained proliferative signalling, cell death resistance, replicative immortality, genome instability and increased mutations, tumour-promoted inflammation, insensibility to growth repressors, deregulation of cellular energetics, evasion of immune destruction, induction of metastasis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • Protein 53 is known as the guardian of the genome since it is basic for the genome's integrity by preventing the accumulation of mutations originating either by the cell's own mechanisms or by the action of external agents. (scienceblog.com)
  • We looked at this both in cultured cell lines as well as in mouse models carrying mutations in the Abeta gene. (lu.se)
  • Drosophila MCM protein complexes. (colorado.edu)
  • p27 is a protein that binds to and prevents the activation of different G1 and S phase cyclin-CDK complexes. (lu.se)