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Ehrlichia chaffeensisEhrlichiosisEhrlichiaTicksEhrlichia canisAnaplasmaDog DiseasesAntibodies, BacterialAnaplasma phagocytophilumTick-Borne DiseasesDeerDogsUridine KinaseSalicylanilidesRickettsieaePolymerase Chain ReactionAntigens, BacterialAnaplasmataceae InfectionsBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsArachnid VectorsMolecular Sequence DataFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectBacterial ProteinsPhosphorus-Oxygen LyasesDNA ContaminationAnaplasmosisEhrlichia ruminantiumDisease ReservoirsSerologic TestsMonocytesRNA, Ribosomal, 16SRhipicephalus sanguineusTick InfestationsRickettsiaceae InfectionsMid-Atlantic RegionIxodidaeEncyclopedias as Topic
Monocytic ehrlichiosisEwingiiTicksAnaplasmaCanisRickettsiaCausative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosisMonocytotropic ehrlichiosisPathogensDiseasesBacteriaGranulocytic anaplasmosisInfect humansAntibodiesEquiPathogenStrainsAnaplasmosisShown to infectIntracellular bacteriumVectorFort ChaffeeRickettsialCanineAnimals and humansCharacterizationMonocytesTransmitPrimarilyMolecularDiseaseDetectionAgentClinicalPathogenicMammalsLone star1986SymptomsAmplificationOrganismLymeOrganismsInfection caused
Monocytic ehrlichiosis14
Ewingii8
Ticks25
  • Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae) transmit multiple and diverse pathogens (including bacteria, protozoa, and viruses), which cause a wide range of human and animal diseases, including rickettsial diseases, caused by bacteria in the order Rickettsiales. (cdc.gov)
  • Adult ticks can maintain the infection or be infected from feeding on the blood of an infected reservoir organism and may also pass E. chaffeensis to humans or other uninfected reservoir organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • To determine if E. chaffeensis is present in ticks at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, questing A. americanum ticks were collected from 33 sites. (google.com)
  • From the perspective of disease transmission to humans, the essential characteristic of ticks is their need to ingest a blood meal to transform to their next stage of development. (medscape.com)
  • Ticks, particularly Amblyomma americanum, act as a vector for E. chaffeensis. (kenyon.edu)
  • Tickborne Disease (TBD) is a type of zoonotic disease (an infectious disease transmitted between animals and humans) that is transmitted by ticks, a member of the arachnid family of insects. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • In Arkansas, ticks are responsible for more human disease than any other insect, but not all ticks transmit disease. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • Adult ticks have been associated with the transmission of R. parkeri to humans. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • White-tailed deer are a major host of lone star ticks and appear to represent one natural reservoir for E. chaffeensis . (healthyarkansas.com)
  • Both nymphal and adult ticks may be associated with the transmission of pathogens to humans. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • Both are transmitted to humans by ticks. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly E. phagocytophila ) causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, which occurs in the Northeast, mid-Atlantic, upper Midwest and West Coast of the US, where its arthropod vector (ixodid ticks) is endemic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • E chaffeensis is transmitted by Amblyomma species ticks, which are found throughout the Southeastern and South-central United States. (testcatalog.org)
  • Hemolymph obtained from these ticks was analyzed by direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) staining methods with dog, horse, or human sera containing antibodies to Ehrlichia canis , Ehrlichia equi , or Rickettsia rickettsii . (uri.edu)
  • In separate PCR analyses, DNA of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis was detected in 59 (50.0%) of 118 adult and in 1 of 2 nymphal I. scapularis ticks tested from Connecticut. (uri.edu)
  • There was no evidence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis DNA in these ticks. (uri.edu)
  • Ticks serve as as the main reservoir and as vectors of ehrlichiosis while feeding on both humans and animals. (fullerlabs.com)
  • However, Ehrlichia chaffeensis is transmitted by Amblyomma americanum ticks. (ncvetp.org)
  • to determine the geographic distribution of the newly recognized human pathogen rickettsia parkeri, we looked for this organism in ticks from tennessee and georgia, usa. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • HME is a potentially serious infection caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, which may be transmitted by Lone Star and Western blacklegged ticks. (partnershipfortick-bornediseaseseducation.org)
  • rates of infection of amblyomma americanum (l.) by ehrlichia chaffeensis were compared in 100 ticks collected from sites in each of four states: indiana, north carolina, kentucky, and mississippi. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • As quail diet transitions from seeds in cool months to ground-dwelling insects the following spring and summer, we hypothesize the ability of northern bobwhite quail to consume ticks reduces tick populations and significantly reduces disease incidence in humans. (usm.edu)
  • While the Asian longhorned ticks discovered in the United States has not been found to carry any pathogen causing human diseases, In Asia the longhorned tick has been associated with tick-borne encephalitis, and they are apparently capable of carrying Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Babesia species, and Powassan virus all of which can affect humans. (uconn.edu)
  • Ticks are disease-carrying arachnids that reside in moist areas, long grass and the leaf litter and will latch onto humans and animals alike. (uconn.edu)
  • 1] The disease is transmitted to humans via tick bites, from infected ticks of the genus Ixodes. (medscape.com)
Anaplasma7
Canis2
  • Symptoms in canine infections are hard to differentiate between E. chaffeensis infection and E. canis, which is the species of Ehrlichia that most commonly affects canines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis is another tick-borne rickettia infecting monocytes that appears morphologically very similar to Ehrlichia canis in blood films. (ncvetp.org)
Rickettsia4
  • Human case of Rickettsia felis infection, Taiwan. (cdc.gov)
  • American dog tick ( Dermacentor variabilis ) is the most commonly identified species responsible for transmitting Rickettsia rickettsii, which causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an intracellular rickettsia-like bacterium that preferentially infects monocytes and is sequestered in parasitophorous vacuoles referred to as morulae. (testcatalog.org)
  • We examined the relationship between longleaf pine mast data and tick-borne disease incidence for Lyme, Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia (SFGR), and Ehrlichia chaffeensis (ehrlichiosis) using one-sided Pearson's product-moment correlations at ten individual masting locations and for the entire masting region in the southeastern U.S. Region-wide mast from the previous year were positively correlated with northern bobwhite quail and negatively correlated with Lyme disease. (usm.edu)
Causative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis2
Monocytotropic ehrlichiosis2
Pathogens5
  • This review examines the major human-biting ixodid tick species and transmitted pathogens of North America. (mdpi.com)
  • Until the recent identification of monocytic (2) and neutrophilic (3,4) human ehrlichiosis in Japan, Sweden, and the United States, Ehrlichia species were considered solely animal pathogens, for which limited interest or funding were available for research studies. (vin.com)
  • Leeches can transmit pathogens and are therefore potentially hazardous to human and animal health. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The coinfections by some microorganisms have been related to severe diseases in humans and animals, where immunosuppressive agents favor opportunistic behavior of other pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
  • These pathogens are typically sustained in enzootic cycles involving multiple host species and transmitted to humans through infected tick bites. (ecograph.net)
Diseases14
  • Awareness, diagnosis, and control of tickborne rickettsial diseases are most effectively addressed by considering the intersecting components of human, animal, and environmental health that collectively form the foundation of One Health ( 1 ), an approach that integrates expertise from multiple disciplines and facilitates understanding of these complex zoonoses. (cdc.gov)
  • Tickborne rickettsial diseases in humans often share similar clinical features yet are epidemiologically and etiologically distinct. (cdc.gov)
  • Since 1986, two human tickborne diseases caused by Ehrlichia spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Ehrlichiosis is a name used to describe several bacterial diseases that affect both animals and humans. (google.com)
  • All of these diseases are spread to humans by a tick , flea, or mite bite. (medlineplus.gov)
  • According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HME is one of the most frequent life-threatening tick-borne zoonoses (a disease that can be transmitted from an animal to a human) but frequently goes unreported in the United States since symptoms are similar to many other diseases or infections a person may get from insect bites, like Lyme disease from a tick. (kenyon.edu)
  • In general, our knowledge of tick-borne diseases in cats is substantially less than our knowledge of the comparable disease in canine or human patients. (vin.com)
  • In many respects, the immunopathogenic consequences of tick-borne diseases such as ehrlichiosis are similar among infected animal and human patients. (vin.com)
  • Her primary tasks involve coordinating human disease surveillance activities for tickborne and mosquito-borne diseases in Minnesota as well as working on a variety of studies and special projects regarding the ecology and epidemiology of vector borne diseases in the upper Midwest. (cdc.gov)
  • The diseases are not spread between humans other than through blood transfusions. (maryland.gov)
  • Bacteria of the genus Ehrlichia cause a variety of diseases, both in humans and animals. (texas.gov)
  • Analysis of the functional responses of the different phenotypes of macrophages will be critical in understanding the pathogenesis of several infectious and inflammatory human diseases including ehrlichiosios. (scientificarchives.com)
  • As animal populations move due to changes in their environments (be it construction on their habitat, climate changes, or anything else) diseases that have not previously been seen in humans may have the opportunity to make that leap. (diseasedaily.org)
  • This statement from Dr. Jean-Pierre Dedet, University of Montpellier, France , summarizes the discussions of 36 experts in natural sciences, veterinary and human medicine from Europe, North America and Asia during the 3rd International CVBD (companion vector-borne diseases) Symposium in Wiesbaden, Germany. (elanco.com)
Bacteria7
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligate intracellular, Gram-negative species of Rickettsiales bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • E. chaffeensis is also easily contracted in nature where bare skin is exposed and a tick carrying the bacteria can attach and infect. (kenyon.edu)
  • Andrea Egizi] Ehrlichiosis is the name of a human disease caused by a particular species of bacteria, in the genus Ehrlichia . (cdc.gov)
  • Several species of bacteria cause ehrlichiosis, and some of the species infect humans as well as animals such as dogs. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • These bacteria infect white blood cells in humans. (maryland.gov)
  • The bacteria are spread to humans through tick bites. (texas.gov)
  • Although Ehrlichiosis can technically be caused by several strains of this bacteria, the vast majority of cases are caused by the contraction of Ehrlichia chaffeensis . (jillcarnahan.com)
Granulocytic anaplasmosis1
Infect humans1
  • E. chaffeensis has been isolated in white-tailed deer and even dogs, with the latter being a possible carrier of the tick which can infect humans with HME. (kenyon.edu)
Antibodies3
Equi3
  • Five case-patients had serologic evidence of E. chaffeensis infection (titer greater than or equal to 64) but all had at least a 10-fold greater titer to E. equi. (cdc.gov)
  • However, future studies may confirm that granulocytic ehrlichiosis, caused by members of the E. phagocytophilia genogroup ( E. equi, E. phagocytophilia , [HGE] Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiae ) are capable of infecting cats, dogs, horses, cattle, and humans in endemic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. (vin.com)
  • A phagocytophilum , formerly known as both E equi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, causes illness in dogs and horses. (msdvetmanual.com)
Pathogen3
  • It is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans by the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum). (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, E. chaffeensis is an excellent model organism to study host-pathogen interactions and to understand the molecular pathobiology of obligately intracellular microbes. (frontiersin.org)
Strains1
Anaplasmosis2
Shown to infect1
  • E. chaffeensis has also been shown to infect canines both naturally and artificially. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular bacterium1
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a small, gram negative, obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects mononuclear phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Vector5
  • The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is known to be the main competent reservoir for E. chaffeensis and the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) is the principal vector for human transmission. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some regions, particularly in the southern U.S., the tick has very different feeding habits that make it an unlikely vector in the spread of human disease. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • Pancholi P, Kolbert CP, Mitchell PD, et al: Ixodes dammini as a potential vector of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. (testcatalog.org)
  • Mutations in 28 genes/genomic locations causing E. chaffeensis growth attenuation in the canine host were recognized as non-essential for its growth in the tick vector. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study documents novel vector- and host-specific differences in E. chaffeensis for its functional gene requirements. (bvsalud.org)
Fort Chaffee1
  • In 1991, E. chaffeensis was isolated from a military recruit stationed at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, this was the first isolation from a human in the US. (kenyon.edu)
Rickettsial1
  • Rickettsial organisms in general, and Ehrlichia species in particular, are difficult to isolate from animals or human patients using conventional tissue culture systems. (vin.com)
Canine3
  • We recently described the development and characterization of 55 random mutations in E. chaffeensis, which aided in defining the critical nature of many bacterial genes for its growth in a physiologically relevant canine infection model. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our breeding program maintains the integrity of the German Shepherd's heritage to preserve the ideal human-canine bond. (hausmerkel.com)
  • Dr. Torsten Naucke from the German organization "Parasitus Ex", Niederkassel , reported on eleven cases of autochthonous (human/canine/feline/equine) leishmaniosis in Germany since 1991. (elanco.com)
Animals and humans2
  • More than 40 species can cause paralysis in both animals and humans, including Dermacentor variabilis , the most common species responsible for tick paralysis in the southeastern United States. (medscape.com)
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes a tick-borne disease affecting both animals and humans. (kenyon.edu)
Characterization2
  • The experimental characterization of the immunopathologic response of animals to various tick-transmitted organisms has provided important insights as to the pathogenic consequences that would be expected in humans. (vin.com)
  • Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
Monocytes1
  • Enelow RI, Sullivan GW, Carper HT, Mandell GL: Induction of multinucleated giant cell formation from in vitro culture of human monocytes with interleukin-3 and interferon-gamma: comparison with other stimulating factors. (pimpathway.com)
Transmit1
  • Of the many different tick species found in Arkansas, only a select few bite and transmit disease to humans. (healthyarkansas.com)
Primarily2
  • It also causes human illness in the USA, primarily in northeastern, upper midwestern, and western states. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • HME is now referred to as ehrlichiosis, which is caused by one of three Ehrlichia species, primarily E. chaffeensis . (texas.gov)
Molecular1
  • MP, Botanch C, Duteyrat JL, Delsol G, Caratero C, Altare F: An in vitro dual model of mycobacterial granulomas to investigate the molecular interactions between mycobacteria and human host cells. (pimpathway.com)
Disease7
  • [ 1 ] They are second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human disease, both infectious and toxic. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, observations in human patients have contributed to the recognition of an increased spectrum of disease manifestations in animals. (vin.com)
  • Ehrlichiosis was first described in dogs in 1935 and was not recognized as a human disease until the last half of the 20th century. (texas.gov)
  • In humans, however, ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia ​chaffeensis is considered the most common tick-borne disease in the southern United States. (ncvetp.org)
  • ehrlichiosis due to ehrlichia chaffeensis usually occurs sporadically or in small clusters, with an annual incidence estimated at 3 to 5 cases per 100,000 population in areas of endemic disease. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Among the many emerging human disease threats, 75% have a link to animals. (diseasedaily.org)
  • Although the relationship between oak mast and Lyme disease incidence in humans is established in the Northeastern U.S., mast-disease relationships have not been explored for longleaf pine in the southeastern U.S. Here, we examine if relationships exist between longleaf pine mast and tick-borne disease incidence in humans using climate, wildfire, and northern bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus ) data as possible influential variables. (usm.edu)
Detection2
  • Alfieri AA, Leite JPG, Alfieri AF, Jiang B, Glass RI, Gentsch JR. Detection of field isolates of human and animal group C rotavirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide-probes. (unt.edu)
  • Detection of the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis by polymerase chain reaction. (research.com)
Agent2
  • although it is not considered a primary zoonosis, human infection with this agent has been occasionally reported. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • DNA-sequences from variant 1 and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent were also detected. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical3
  • A recent study on children reported that the common clinical signs and symptoms of patients with human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis (HME) include headache, rash, myalgia, nausea/vomiting, fever and altered mental status. (kenyon.edu)
  • Observed differences in virulence-associated phenotypes between a human clinical isolate and a veterinary isolate of mycobacterium ovium. (unt.edu)
  • In dogs, Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections are rarely clinical. (ncvetp.org)
Pathogenic1
  • The pathogenic implications of genetic variation in E. chaffeensis are as yet unknown. (google.com)
Mammals5
  • Thus, it is actually mammals, like the white-tailed deer, who are the initial hosts of E. chaffeensis. (kenyon.edu)
  • Dogs and medium-sized mammals are the preferred hosts of adult D. variabilis , although it feeds readily on other large mammals, including humans. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • I. scapularis larvae and nymphs feed on small mammals and birds, while adults feed on larger mammals and will bite humans on occasion. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • Dogs are the primary host for the brown dog tick for each of its life stages, although the tick may also bite humans or other mammals. (healthyarkansas.com)
  • Of these 35 sequences, 68.5 % were from mammals, including humans, and 31.4 % were from migratory birds that pass through Gageo-do, ROK. (biomedcentral.com)
Lone star1
  • In recent years, the lone star tick has expanded its range along the East Coast to New England, putting more humans at risk for tick-borne infections. (wikipedia.org)
19861
Symptoms1
  • Given the relatively mild symptoms of the new Ehrlichia species, it is difficult to know if the organism has simply been present but undiagnosed in humans for decades. (diseasedaily.org)
Amplification1
  • Sequences diagnostic for E. chaffeensis from three different loci (16S rRNA, 120-kDa protein, and a variable-length polymerase chain reaction [PCR] target, or VLPT) were targeted for amplification by the PCR. (google.com)
Organism1
  • The infection is then maintained and can be transmitted to a reservoir organism or humans at the nymphal stage. (wikipedia.org)
Lyme1
Organisms1
  • A variety of procedures have been used to detect E. chaffeensis in humans and reservoir organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Infection caused1