The vaginal mucosal ecosystem is comprised of a stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium overlaid by a mucosal layer continuously lubricated by cervicovaginal fluid (CVF). (frontiersin.org)
Common complications of long-term pessary use include vaginal discharge and bleeding and mucosal erosion/abrasion. (medscape.com)
This includes addressing all 3 levels of vaginal support as discussed previously (see Pathophysiology), with restoration of the normal vaginal axis and the integrity of the endopelvic fascia in all of its compartments. (medscape.com)
Immune2
Infants mounted a robust mucosal immune response characterized by inflammatory cytokines, interferon (IFN) α, and T helper (Th) 17 and neutrophil markers (interleukin [IL]-17, IL-8, and CXCL1). (bvsalud.org)
Scarcity or absence of humoral immune responses in the plasma and cervicovaginal lavage fluids of heavily HIV-1-exposed but persistently seronegative women. (bio-protocol.org)
Epithelial integrity1
Some of the proposed mechanisms by which BV and vaginal yeast could increase HIV acquisition are by changing the cervicovaginal epithelial integrity and/or permeability and by causing inflammation and/or immune activation in the female genital tract. (medscape.com)
Virus1
The principle for dealing with new HIV infections relies on the inhibition of the virus at the mucosal level by one or several compounds, which have specific antiviral activity [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)