SheathSerumAxonalBiomarkersNeurofilament lightOligodendrocyteOligodendrocytesLipidsSpinal cordSynovialAbnormalitiesLysatesOligoclonalDisordersAxonAntibodiesFattyAcuteDementia riskImmune systemGlialGene expressionAxonsTissueConcentrationCerebralLevelsNeuronalCytoskeletonBrainSynthesisConductionInversion recoveryLevelMarkerSignificantlyLaboratoryExperimentalHumanSequenceCellsEnzymeDiagnosisMembranePlasmaWhite matterNervousDiseaseHighSecondaryReference valuesCell responseMolecular
Sheath6
- The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- Ependymal cells make the cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain inside the skull, and oligodendrocytes improve neuron function by wrapping axons in a fatty sheath called myelin. (brainfacts.org)
- Myelin is a substance that makes up the protective sheath (myelin sheath) that coats nerve fibers (axons). (nih.gov)
- Myelinating Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a single axon and express high levels of myelin-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA). (medscape.com)
- The myelin sheath surrounding the axon speeds up the transmission of nerve signals and allows the transmission of signals over long distances. (nih.gov)
Serum8
- Cytokines and chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of adult patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. (medscape.com)
- Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cerebrospinal fluid, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (lscwarsaw.com)
- Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of Human Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cerebrospinal fluid, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (lscwarsaw.com)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cerebrospinal fluid, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (lscwarsaw.com)
- Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human myelin basic protein, MBP in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates. (lscwarsaw.com)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum concentrations, quantitative intrathecal synthesis, oligoclonal bands (OCB) patterns and affinity distributions of anti-Epstein Barr virus (EBV) antibodies were evaluated in 100 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 200 age- and sex-matched controls with other inflammatory neurological disorders (OIND) and other noninflammatory neurological disorders (NIND). (biomedcentral.com)
- Serum eosinophil cationic protein and CD23 in acute RSV bronchiolitis. (medscimonit.com)
- For example, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum autoantibody and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG (MOG IgG) autoantibody are specific for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) and MOG-associated disease (MOGAD), respectively. (arupconsult.com)
Axonal3
- In addition, microglia phagocytoses brain-specific cargo, such as axonal and myelin debris in spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis, amyloid-β deposits in Alzheimer's disease, and supernumerary synapses in postnatal development. (frontiersin.org)
- Through mechanisms that at present can only be speculated about, myelin disturbances result in axonal damage. (medscape.com)
- SMOC1 and SPON1 proteins associated with Aß plaques were elevated in AD CSF nearly 30 years before the onset of symptoms, followed by changes in synaptic proteins, metabolic proteins, axonal proteins, inflammatory proteins and finally decreases in neurosecretory proteins. (cdc.gov)
Biomarkers4
- Guha D, Mukerji SS, Chettimada S, Misra V, Lorenz DR, Morgello S, Gabuzda D. Cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles and neurofilament light protein as biomarkers of central nervous system injury in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. (biovendor.com)
- Current studies of biomarkers of TBI have focused on levels of multiple brain related including creatine kinase, glial filament associated protein (GFAP), myelin basic protein (MBP), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and s100ß protein that may be quantified in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (uky.edu)
- We review recent results that enable pathological staging of AD with neuroimaging and fluid-based biomarkers, with a particular emphasis on the role of amyloid, tau and neuroinflammation in disease pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
- We demonstrated that 12 of these 32 dementia-associated proteins were associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD, neurodegeneration, or neuroinflammation. (cdc.gov)
Neurofilament light1
- We then explored the relationship between cytokines found in increased CSF concentrations in patients with PPMS (compared with healthy controls) with CSF concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NFL) and myelin basic protein (MBP), IgG-index, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics (volume, magnetization transfer ratio and diffusion tensor imaging) from lesions, normal-appearing white matter, and cortical grey matter. (ku.dk)
Oligodendrocyte2
- In addition we have demonstrated e.g. myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte that the balance between biologically active TGF-b1 and glycoprotein (MOG) autoreactive T-cells, which are in an the pro-inflammatory TNF-a, IL-1b and IFN-g is dysregu- increased state of activation compared with healthy controls, lated during MS relapse-remission25. (chestervetclinic.com)
- Diagnosis of MS can be challenging because of variable disease presentation and significant clinical overlap with diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD). (arupconsult.com)
Oligodendrocytes1
- Nerves in the periphery, for example in the hands and feet, are covered by so-called Schwann cells, in the spinal cord and in the brain myelin is formed by cells - oligodendrocytes. (medicspark.com)
Lipids3
- MBP maintains the correct structure of myelin, interacting with the lipids in the myelin membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- Hippocampal lipids were not significantly affected by APOE genotype, however levels of myelin-enriched sulfatides and hexosylceramides were significantly lower, and polyunsaturated phospholipids were higher, in rs1990622-A carriers after controlling for APOE genotype. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our study demonstrates that TMEM106B protein abundance is increased with brain ageing in humans, establishes that dementia risk allele rs1990622-A predisposes to TMEM106B fibril formation in the hippocampus, and provides the first evidence that rs1990622-A affects brain lipid homeostasis, particularly myelin lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
Spinal cord3
- In MS, the immune system cells that normally protect us from viruses, bacteria, and unhealthy cells mistakenly attack myelin in the central nervous system (brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord). (nih.gov)
- The symptoms of MS depend on the severity of the inflammatory reaction as well as the location and extent of the plaques, which primarily appear in the brain stem, cerebellum (involved with balance and coordination of movement, among other functions), spinal cord, optic nerves, and the white matter around the brain ventricles (fluid-filled cavaties). (nih.gov)
- While there is great diversity among different vertebrate nervous systems, they all share a basic structure: a CNS that contains a brain and spinal cord and a PNS made up of peripheral sensory and motor nerves. (opentextbc.ca)
Synovial1
- Very low frequencies of collagen/matrix-specific CD4 + cells could be isolated from the PBMC or synovial fluid (SF) 4 of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using class II tetramers that contained two joint-specific Ags ( 5 ). (aai.org)
Abnormalities1
- Abnormalities of findings on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin studies are less common in ADEM. (medscape.com)
Lysates1
- Quantitative technique to analyse protein levels in lysates of tissues. (studylib.net)
Oligoclonal1
- The cerebrospinal fluid revealed elevated myelin basic protein and an oligoclonal band. (tottori-u.ac.jp)
Disorders1
- Geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (from Adams C (1989) leic acid had an inverse relationship between erythrocyte colour atlas of multiple sclerosis and other myelin disorders, wolfe medicalpublications ltd, with permission). (chestervetclinic.com)
Axon3
- This is not surprising given the strong evidence for interaction between myelin and axon gene expression in development and after experimental nerve lesions. (medscape.com)
- The microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) in the dendrite have a higher molecular weight than those found in the axon. (comoficar.com)
- The axon (an extension of a nerve cell) is surrounded by a covering, like insulation, called myelin. (nih.gov)
Antibodies1
- Uses antibodies to detect a protein of interest in a preserved tissue sample. (studylib.net)
Fatty2
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids and multiple sclerosis reduced in the plasma, platelets, erythrocytes, leucocytes andcerebrospinal fluid with changes in the unsaturated fatty acidcomposition of brain white matter in MS patients, much ofthis early work being undertaken at the National Hospital,Queen Square in London49 - 60. (chestervetclinic.com)
- Previously we proposed nervonic acid as a marker of CNS myelin damage in MS66 and found that MS patients consum-ing a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly lino- Fig. 1. (chestervetclinic.com)
Acute2
- It may also indicate recovery from an acute episode of myelin breakdown. (medlineplus.gov)
- syndrome","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"meningo-encephalo-radiculitis","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"urinary retention","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"acute disseminated encephalitis","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Guillain-Barr? (tottori-u.ac.jp)
Dementia risk2
Immune system1
- The term multiple sclerosis refers to the distinctive areas of scar tissue (sclerosis-also called plaques or lesions) that result from the attack on myelin by the immune system. (nih.gov)
Glial1
- 3. Be able to explain the basic contributions of different glial subtypes to nervous system function. (studylib.net)
Gene expression1
- Review basic principles of gene expression and atlases for studying the cellular and molecular organization of the nervous system. (studylib.net)
Axons1
- MS attacks axons in the central nervous system protected by myelin, which are commonly called white matter. (nih.gov)
Tissue2
- S100B is released from brain tissue into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood following brain damage of different origin, i.e., brain infarction, intracerebral or subarachnoidal hemorrhage, neurotrauma and large intracerebral tumors. (biovendor.com)
- In this review we directly extrapolate basic phagocytic mechanisms from bone marrow-derived tissue macrophages to the less-known processes of microglia, but would like to point out that these assumed similarities might not fully hold true to the yolk sac-derived microglia. (frontiersin.org)
Concentration1
- At protein level, the concentration of MBP in the CNS is tenfold higher in sections of white matter compared with cerebral cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Cerebral1
- Magnetic resonance imaging showed high signal intensity in the pons, basal ganglia, and cerebral white matter on T2-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. (tottori-u.ac.jp)
Levels3
- Myelin basic protein levels from 4 to 8 ng/mL may be a sign of a long-term ( chronic ) breakdown of myelin. (medlineplus.gov)
- Secondary endpoints were changes in HTLV-1 proviral load, 10-m timed walk, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neopterin levels, and safety. (bvsalud.org)
- Cerebrospinal fluid tumor marker levels in predicting response to treatment and survival of carcinomatous meningitis in patients with advanced breast cancer. (medscihypotheses.com)
Neuronal2
- In preliminary studies we identified a novel protein, visinin like protein- 1 (VILIP-1), a neuron specific protein that is released into blood following neuronal injury. (uky.edu)
- Organizational Principles in the Nervous System 100-105 per mRNA 1011 neurons 1011 - 1012 non-neuronal ~20,000 genes 5-100 mRNA's per gene >1014 synapses SPAUN - 2.5-million neuron model of visual function >106 miles of myelin Schwanhausser et al 2011, Azevedo et al. (studylib.net)
Cytoskeleton1
- The interior of the soma consists of cytoplasm, a gel within a microtrabecular lattice formed by the microtubules and associated proteins that make up the cytoskeleton . (comoficar.com)
Brain1
- Here we show that proteomic measurements in autosomal dominant AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) linked to brain protein coexpression can be used to characterize the evolution of AD pathology over a timescale spanning six decades. (cdc.gov)
Synthesis1
- Many of these cell inclusions are responsible for the expression of genetic information controlling the synthesis of cellular proteins involved in energy production, growth, and replacement of materials lost by attrition. (comoficar.com)
Conduction1
- Now a large and ever increasing number of genetic subtypes has been described, and major advances in molecular and cellular biology have clarified the understanding of the role of different proteins in the physiology of peripheral nerve conduction in health and in disease. (medscape.com)
Inversion recovery1
- T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), proton-density, or echo-planar trace diffusion MRI techniques disclose characteristic high-signal lesions in virtually all cases of ADEM. (medscape.com)
Level2
- CSF myelin basic protein is a test to measure the level of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (medlineplus.gov)
- If the myelin basic protein level is 9 ng/mL or greater, myelin is actively breaking down. (medlineplus.gov)
Marker1
- In the E18 cortex, L1 colocalized with microtubule-associated protein 2, a marker of dendrites and somata. (jneurosci.org)
Significantly1
- As implied by its name, myelin basic protein is significantly basic, with an isoelectric point of 10. (wikipedia.org)
Laboratory1
- Laboratory evaluation such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies can support a diagnosis when clinical and imaging analyses are inconclusive. (arupconsult.com)
Experimental1
- GA is a mixture of four synthetic polypeptides participating in the structure of myelin basic protein (MBP), which plays a major role in the development of allergic experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE). (touchneurology.com)
Human1
- Human cerebrospinal fluid immunology. (medscape.com)
Sequence1
- They encode hybrid proteins that have N-terminal Golli aa sequence linked to MBP aa sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Cells4
- the protein localizes to the CNS and to various cells of the hematopoietic lineage. (wikipedia.org)
- Of note, the CCR2 + CCR5 + T cells from MS patients in relapse are reactive to myelin basic protein, as assessed by production of IFN-γ. (elsevierpure.com)
- We have analyzed the Ag-specific CD4 + T cells in treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis, using class II tetramers, and have shown that arthritis-associated Borrelia burgdorferi ( Bb) sensu stricto outer surface protein A (OspA)-specific T cells can be identified with this technology. (aai.org)
- 10 cells/mm 3 ), glucose of 46 mg/dL (nonfasting reference range 45-100 mg/dL), and protein of 55 mg/dL (reference range 15-45 mg/dL). (cdc.gov)
Enzyme1
- Enzyme turns substrate blue/purple (often amplifies signal) http://11e.devbio.com/wt031007.html What about Proteins? (studylib.net)
Diagnosis1
- No alternative simpler assays proven of use, except for cerebrospinal fluid analysis, have been provided in MS diagnosis. (mdpi.com)
Membrane1
- However, this is likely because those changes are necessary for MBP to be sufficiently basic and positively charged to correctly interact with the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Plasma1
- We found 32 dementia-associated plasma proteins that were involved in proteostasis, immunity, synaptic function, and extracellular matrix organization. (cdc.gov)
White matter1
- Inoculation with a white matter emulsion combined with FREUND'S ADJUVANT , myelin basic protein, or purified central myelin triggers a T cell-mediated immune response directed towards central myelin. (nih.gov)
Nervous2
- Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein believed to be important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- The pool of MBP in the central nervous system is very diverse, with several splice variants being expressed and a large number of post-translational modifications on the protein, which include phosphorylation, methylation, deamidation, and citrullination. (wikipedia.org)
Disease1
- Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics define the natural history of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. (cdc.gov)
High1
- Like most IDPs, it has a high net charge and a low mean hydrophobicity, minimizing the hydrophobic effect that drives traditional protein folding. (wikipedia.org)
Secondary1
- Myelin basic protein has been classified as an intrinsically disordered protein that has no stable secondary structure in solution. (wikipedia.org)
Reference values1
- Cerebrospinal fluid IgG in childhood: the establishment of reference values. (medscape.com)
Cell response1
- A marked Ab and T cell response to Bb outer surface protein A (OspA) often develops during prolonged episodes of arthritis. (aai.org)
Molecular2
- It is hoped that the pathogenic correlation of spirochaetal virulence to temperature and heat shock proteins (HSP) might encourage a new direction of research in molecular epidemiology. (biomedcentral.com)
- The cell body, also called the soma, contains the neuron's nucleus and most of its cytoplasm, along with molecular machinery for building and transporting proteins critical to the cell's function. (brainfacts.org)