Middle cerebral arteryInfarctionModels of cerebralInjuryFocal cerebralOcclusionNeuronsEdemaTransientNeurologicalNeurodegenerative diseasesAcuteReperfusionNeuronalRatsCardiac arrestOccursCortexHypoxiaExcitotoxicityRight cerebralVasculatureHippocampusPerfusion pressureAngiographyMicrocirculationDiseasesImpairmentEnergy metabolismEmbolismSacralInjuriesOrgansDisordersCentral nervouGlobalAdult ratBloodStrokeNerveImmature
Middle cerebral artery3
- The mechanism of action of Sanhua Decoction (SHD) in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) was analyzed based on the network pharmacology technology, and the pharmacodynamics and key targets were verified using the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. (hindawi.com)
- Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Expression of SOX9 did not decrease during aging and was instead upregulated by reactive astrocytes in a number of settings, including a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SOD1G93A), middle cerebral artery occlusion, and multiple mini-strokes. (jneurosci.org)
Infarction5
- In 2009, the American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) published a scientific statement that revised the definition of transient ischemic attack (TIA) to the following: "a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord or retinal ischemia without acute infarction. (medscape.com)
- Unfortunately, neurologic symptoms do not accurately reflect the presence or absence of infarction, and the tempo of the symptoms does not indicate the cause of the ischemia. (medicalnotes.info)
- The first three processes can lead to transient brain ischemia (transient ischemic attack [TIA]) or permanent brain infarction (ischemic stroke), while the fourth results in either subarachnoid hemorrhage or an intracerebral hemorrhage (primary hemorrhagic stroke). (medicalnotes.info)
- Approximately 80 percent of strokes are due to ischemic cerebral infarction and 20 percent to brain hemorrhage. (medicalnotes.info)
- Cells Lesinurad sodium ischemia is a major medical problem that may occur in a number of organs such as the heart (e.g. cardiac infarction), mind (e.g. ischemic stroke), and pores and skin (e.g. pressure ulcer). (monthion.com)
Models of cerebral2
- Most previous studies have employed models of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in postnatal animals. (jneurosci.org)
- Transplantation of these cells improves the clinical outcome in experimental models of cerebral ischemia and spinal cord injury. (edu.pl)
Injury24
- These findings provide a unique behavioral model to define mechanisms and sequelae of perinatal brain injury from antenatal hypoxia-ischemia. (jneurosci.org)
- Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury results in cerebral palsy (CP), mental retardation, or learning disabilities in surviving children ( Robertson and Finer, 1985 ). (jneurosci.org)
- Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is also associated with subsequent cerebral injury in a disproportionately high percentage of the survivors of premature birth ( Volpe, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
- Uterine ischemia in the dams resulted in a distinct neurobehavioral phenotype in the newborn pups, which was characterized by an increase in forelimb tone that was significantly correlated with histological evidence of persistent injury to subcortical motor pathways involving the basal ganglia and anterior thalamus. (jneurosci.org)
- Cerebral perfusion was increased in progesterone-treated males at 4 h (p = 0.043) but not 24 h after injury. (duke.edu)
- We have successfully developed various rodent models of brain and spinal cord injuries in our lab, such as focal cerebral ischemia, global cerebral ischemia, head trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, spinal cord ischemia and compression injury. (duke.edu)
- Humans may sustain a variety of forms of acute central nervous system injury including ischemia, trauma, vasospasm, and perinatal hypoxemia. (duke.edu)
- The Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories is dedicated to examining the pathophysiology of acute brain and spinal cord injury with particular reference to disease states managed in the perioperative or neurointensive care environments. (duke.edu)
- Previously I have written about the roles of glia and microglia in Alzheimer's disease and in spinal cord injury. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- The present study was designed to investigate the expression changes of PPAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma and NF-kappa B in the hippocampus of rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) after treatment with agonists or antagonists of PPAR-gamma. (biomedcentral.com)
- Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) occurs in patients who are successfully resuscitated from various clinical conditions such as cardiac arrest, asphyxia and shock, which are frequently accompanied by inflammation and can lead to serious neuronal injury, and further to neurodegeneration and learning and memory impairment [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have been implicated as important mediators of injury following cerebral ischemia [ 13 ] and contribute to pathogenesis, exacerbating brain tissue damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Spinal cord injury (SCI) often occurs in young and middle-aged population. (silverchair.com)
- Mexiletine has been shown also to be protective of neurons following spinal cord, head injury, and cerebral ischemia, largely by blocking excitotoxicity. (neals.org)
- Traumatic injury to the spinal cord initiates a series of pathological cellular processes that exacerbate tissue damage at and beyond the original site of injury. (researchsquare.com)
- Here, we investigate whether Hv1 mediates microglial/macrophage activation and aggravates secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). (researchsquare.com)
- Hence, therapeutic intervention during the window of secondary injury is key to influence the tissue and behavioral recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). (researchsquare.com)
- We focus on the ongoing controversy of the contributions of apoptosis and necrosis in neurodegeneration and summarize new data from this laboratory on the classification of neuronal death using a variety of animal models of neurodegeneration in the immature or adult brain following excitotoxic injury, global cerebral ischemia, and axotomy/target deprivation. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Ganoderma lucidum has preventive and therapeutic effects on disease models such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, epilepsy and spinal cord injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, and can alleviate neurodegenerative disorders,and improve learning and memory abilities. (ganoherb.com)
- Its supplementation has been shown to be neuroprotective in instances of cerebral ischemia in rats and may be useful in treating peripheral nerve injury as well as spinal cord injury. (consistentgolf.com)
- The patient showed cervical cord injury classified as American Spinal Injury Association Impairment scale A and underwent emergency surgical vertebroplasty. (bmj.com)
- Here we explored the mechanism underlying the actions of a mimetic peptide on GJ channels, Cx protein levels, and CxHC activity in fibroblast cells under normal conditions and following ischemia-reperfusion injury. (monthion.com)
- Neonates exposed to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury can have poor neurological and behavioral outcomes including cerebral palsy (CP) and incidences of learning deficits and disabilities due to the diffuse nature of the insults. (frontiersin.org)
- Previous studies of global brain hypoxia ischemia have primarily focused on injury to the cerebral cortex and to the hippocampus. (cdc.gov)
Focal cerebral1
- Pre-stroke surgery is not beneficial to normotensive rats undergoing sixty minutes of transient focal cerebral ischemia PLOS ONE. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Occlusion2
- IS refers to the stenosis or occlusion of cerebral blood vessels, leading to the blockage of cerebral blood flow, which in turn causes ischemia, hypoxia, softening, and even necrosis of brain tissue, thereby resulting in cerebrovascular dysfunction and irreversible brain damage [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This led us to perform cerebral angiography, showing near occlusion of the right ICA and no cross-flow from the left ICA. (bmj.com)
Neurons5
- Indeed, its receptor is expressed by neurons in the brain and spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- In the human brain and spinal cord, neurons degenerate after acute insults (e.g., stroke, cardiac arrest, trauma) and during progressive, adult- onset diseases [e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease]. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Degeneration of selectively vulnerable populations of neurons after ischemia is morphologically nonapoptotic and is indistinguishable from NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxic death of mature neurons. (johnshopkins.edu)
- However, prominent apoptotic cell death occurs following global ischemia in neuronal groups that are interconnected with selectively vulnerable populations of neurons and also in non-neuronal cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
- [9] suggested that electroacupuncture therapy for VD would enhance cerebral cortex excitability, reduce blood viscosity, and improve microcirculation to enhance cerebral blood circulation and facilitate energy metabolism of degenerated neurons. (9palacestcm.com)
Edema6
- above 150 mm Hg, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral edema may occur. (neuro-anesthesia.org)
- Brain edema primarily occurs as a consequence of various cerebral injuries including ischemic stroke. (benthamscience.com)
- Role of aquaporin-4 in cerebral edema and stroke. (benthamscience.com)
- Mechanisms of astrocyte-mediated cerebral edema. (benthamscience.com)
- Igarashi H, Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Nakada T. Pretreatment with a novel aquaporin 4 inhibitor, TGN-020, significantly reduces ischemic cerebral edema. (benthamscience.com)
- He died of intractable cerebral edema on day 17 of illness, 10 days after the onset of neurologic symptoms. (cdc.gov)
Transient2
- Transient global cerebral ischemia, such as that which occurs during cardiac arrest and resuscitation, is a major cause of serious neurologic morbidity. (silverchair.com)
- The symptoms of brain ischemia may be transient, lasting seconds to minutes, or may persist for longer periods of time. (medicalnotes.info)
Neurological1
- These properties are currently under investigations for the development of treatments of neurological diseases such as cerebral ischemia. (wikipedia.org)
Neurodegenerative diseases1
- This blog entry reports on recent research which documents the importance of glial pathology as a general underlying factor in essentially all age related neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, advanced spinal degeneration, ALS, multiple sclerosis, and several retinal diseases. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Acute2
- Other features include an acute confusional state, autonomic dysfunction, and retinal ischemia. (e-jyms.org)
- Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging showed acute ischemia involving the right pons, right midbrain, right cerebral peduncle, and internal capsule, extending into the right diencephalic region. (sciencegate.app)
Reperfusion5
- 2013). Nevertheless, some reviews also feature cell loss of life in ischemia-reperfusion versions towards the starting of undocked CxHC, leading to bloodstream vessel leakiness and discharge of ATP resulting in activation of purinergic receptors (Danesh-Meyer et al. (monthion.com)
- 2006). Cx mimetic peptides possess demonstrated therapeutic advantage for safeguarding neuronal cells in case of ischemia reperfusion (Davidson et al. (monthion.com)
- Building upon this intensive analysis, using a style of cerebral ischemia in foetal sheep, Davidson and co-workers confirmed that Cx mimetic peptide could raise the success price of cells during ischemia reperfusion and decrease seizure activity (Davidson et al. (monthion.com)
- Repeated routine of comfort and pressure causes serious tissues ischemia reperfusion harm in your skin, like the harm observed in cardiac and cerebral ischemia reperfusion. (monthion.com)
- There are no effective remedies because of this irreversible pressure ulceration and focusing on how cell loss of life takes place and spreads can help in the breakthrough of cure to lessen the influence of ischemia reperfusion harm. (monthion.com)
Neuronal1
- Global cerebral ischemia produces neuronal death that has commonalities with excitetoxicity and target deprivation. (johnshopkins.edu)
Rats1
Cardiac arrest1
Occurs2
- 2013). Program of Cx mimetic peptides can considerably decrease the cell harm that occurs within an and an spinal-cord damage model (O'Carroll et al. (monthion.com)
- Arterial gas embolism is a potentially catastrophic event that occurs when gas bubbles enter or form in the arterial vasculature and occlude blood flow, causing organ ischemia. (msdmanuals.com)
Cortex2
- The conscious sensations associated with bladder activity are transmitted to the pons from the cerebral cortex. (medscape.com)
- On sectioning, multiple hemorrhagic foci with diameters from 0.5 mm to 2 mm were seen within the white matter of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, the brainstem, and also sparsely within the cortex and basal ganglia. (cdc.gov)
Hypoxia5
- Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy? (jneurosci.org)
- Prenatal hypoxia-ischemia to the developing brain has been strongly implicated in the subsequent development of the hypertonic motor deficits of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature and full-term infants who present with neonatal encephalopathy. (jneurosci.org)
- Antenatal hypoxia-ischemia at preterm gestation results in hypertonia and abnormalities in motor control. (jneurosci.org)
- In the present study, a new neurobehavioral battery of tests was used to characterize the motor performance of newborn pups after sustained hypoxia-ischemia to the preterm rabbit fetus at 67-70% gestation. (jneurosci.org)
- Global hypoxia-ischemia interrupts oxygen delivery and blood flow to the entire brain. (cdc.gov)
Excitotoxicity1
- These different forms of cell death have varying contributions to the neuropathology resulting from excitotoxicity, cerebral ischemia, and target deprivation/axotomy. (johnshopkins.edu)
Right cerebral1
Vasculature2
- The cerebral vasculature should be imaged urgently, preferably at the same time as the brain. (medscape.com)
- Autoregulatory curve of the cerebral vasculature in the normotensive adult, the hypertensive adult, and the newborn. (neuro-anesthesia.org)
Hippocampus1
- The pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and the Purkinje-cell layer of the cerebellum are selectively vulnerable to ischemia. (silverchair.com)
Perfusion pressure2
- Autoregulation allows CBF to remain constant if the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) varies between 50 and 150 mm Hg. (neuro-anesthesia.org)
- The process may result from inadequate cerebral blood flow due to decreased perfusion pressure or increased blood viscosity. (medicalnotes.info)
Angiography3
- Simultaneously, CT angiography showed stenosis of the right internal carotid artery (ICA), but cerebral blood flow remained normal ( figure 1 ). (bmj.com)
- B) MR angiography shows a defect in the flow signal of the right internal carotid artery (white arrows) with preservation of the right middle cerebral artery. (bmj.com)
- Cerebral angiography before and after endovascular carotid artery stenting. (bmj.com)
Microcirculation2
- For example, pharmacological studies have proved that Ganoderma lucidum has the functions of strengthening the heart, resisting myocardial ischemia, improving myocardial microcirculation, and regulating blood lipids and blood rheology. (ganoherb.com)
- It can improve myocardial microcirculation, reduce myocardial damage and have a protective effect on myocardial ischemia. (ganoherb.com)
Diseases1
- Gait analysis can be carried out, and can be applied in the study of diseases such as CNS ischemia, SCI, and Neurotrauma, for example. (harvardapparatus.com)
Impairment1
- This study demonstrates that a brief episode of cerebral ischemia results in the impairment of associative learning. (silverchair.com)
Energy metabolism1
- Recently, a new type of post-translational modification, known as lysine succinylation, has been recognized to play a significant role in mitochondrial energy metabolism after ischemia. (bvsalud.org)
Embolism1
- Cerebral fat embolism may occur without any respiratory or dermatological signs. (e-jyms.org)
Sacral1
- The signal transmitted by the brain is routed through 2 intermediate segments (the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord) prior to reaching the bladder. (medscape.com)
Injuries2
- Effect of probiotic intervention on the gut microbiome, peripheral symptoms, and quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injuries. (neurotraumaresearchprogram.org.au)
- Spinal cord injuries (SCI) cause significant physiological changes secondary to partial paralysis including decreased bowel movements and loss of bladder control. (neurotraumaresearchprogram.org.au)
Organs1
- [3] The brain and spinal cord are considered "immune privileged" organs in that they are separated from the rest of the body by a series of endothelial cells known as the blood-brain barrier , which prevents most infections from reaching the vulnerable nervous tissue. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Disorders1
- Overview of Stroke Strokes are a heterogeneous group of disorders involving sudden, focal interruption of cerebral blood flow that causes neurologic deficit. (msdmanuals.com)
Central nervou4
- It exhibits neuroprotective functionality during central nervous system (CNS) ischemia. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Microglia are a type of glial cell that are the resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord , and thus act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- Normal voiding is essentially a spinal reflex modulated by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which coordinates function of the bladder and urethra. (medscape.com)
- The central nervous system is composed of the brain, brain stem, and the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
Adult rat1
- Transcription factor expression and Notch-dependent regulation of neural progenitors in the adult rat spinal cord. (riken.jp)
Blood4
- Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Rate of cerebral blood flow (CBF). (neuro-anesthesia.org)
- Relationship between cerebral blood flow and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO 2 ) in the normocapnic adult, the hypercapnic adult, and the newborn. (neuro-anesthesia.org)
- Excessive accumulation of brain water content causes a gradual expansion of brain parenchyma, decreased blood flow and increased intracranial pressure and, ultimately, cerebral herniation and death. (benthamscience.com)
Stroke1
- In China, approximately 1.3 million people suffer from stroke each year, and about 80% are related to ischemia [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Nerve1
- It can also promote nerve regeneration, reduce cerebral ischemia and inhibit epileptic seizures. (ganoherb.com)
Immature1
- This model offers the distinct advantages that, similar to the human newborn, the newborn rabbit has immature locomotor function and the cerebral hemispheres are not fully myelinated. (jneurosci.org)