Cerebral ischemia and infarction. Medical search. Frequent questions

METHODS -: To determine this, we assessed cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and extent of infarction and neurological deficits after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in aged APP mice having extensive CAA versus young APP mice lacking CAA (and aged-matched littermate controls). (wustl.edu)
RESULTS -: We found that aged APP mice have more severe cerebrovascular dysfunction that is CAA dependent, have greater CBF compromise during and immediately after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and develop larger infarctions after middle cerebral artery occlusion. (wustl.edu)
arterial infarction can be due to either obstruction from thrombosis or embolism or to occlusion from blood vessel abnormalities such as vasculitis. (vin.com)
Using a three vessel occlusion model of focal cerebral ischemia combined with bilateral microdialysis, hydroxylation of 4-hydroxybenzoate (4HB) was continuously monitored in both hemispheres in either the lateral striatum or frontoparietal cortex. (nih.gov)
The ischemia protocol consisted of one hour equilibration, 30 min of three vessel occlusion, then release of the contralateral common carotid artery (CCA) for 2.5 h. (nih.gov)
An isolated internal carotid artery is an unfavourable configuration of the circle of Willis which can lead to severe ischemia in case of a ICA occlusion. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological studies in rat focal ischemia models using transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion indicate that reperfusion after an ischemic episode of 2- to 3-hour duration does not result in reduction of the size of the infarct. (nih.gov)
The mechanism of action of Sanhua Decoction (SHD) in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) was analyzed based on the network pharmacology technology, and the pharmacodynamics and key targets were verified using the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. (hindawi.com)
IS refers to the stenosis or occlusion of cerebral blood vessels, leading to the blockage of cerebral blood flow, which in turn causes ischemia, hypoxia, softening, and even necrosis of brain tissue, thereby resulting in cerebrovascular dysfunction and irreversible brain damage [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
i.p) or vehicle administered 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) on behavior, angiogenesis, ultra-structural integrity of brain capillary endothelial cells, and expression of EPO and VEGF were assessed. (researchgate.net)
Healthy adult Sprague‑Dawley (SD) male rats were used to establish a control group, sham‑operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, empty virus group and lentivirus group. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, it is possible to remove the arterial thrombosis as early as possible, make the occlusion of the cerebral artery repasses, restore or improve the blood supply of the infarct area, prevent the ischemia reperfusion injury, save the ischemic penumbra, prevent the irreversible injury of ischemic brain tissue, and reduce the mortality and the rate of disability. (crimsonpublishers.com)
To determine the clinical efficacy and safety of intra-arterial (IA) recombinant prourokinase (r-proUK) in patients with acute stroke of less than 6 hours' duration caused by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. (nih.gov)
A total of 180 patients with acute ischemic stroke of less than 6 hours' duration caused by angiographically proven occlusion of the MCA and without hemorrhage or major early infarction signs on computed tomographic scan. (nih.gov)
Temporary occlusion (120 min) of the right middle cerebral artery was induced 4 days after preconditioning and the infarct volume was measured. (elsevierpure.com)
Introduction of product into the vasculature may lead to embolization, occlusion of the vessels, ischemia, or infarction. (radiesse.com)

Migraine is likely to increase individual vulnerability to ischemic stroke during the process of acute brain ischemia and might represent, therefore, a potential new therapeutic target against occurrence and progression of the ischemic damage. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] A recent hypothesis to explain the migraine-stroke association, based on experimental data obtained in mice expressing familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutations, is that the cerebral hyperexcitability phenotype associated with migraine might sensitize brain tissue to ischemia. (medscape.com)
Based on these premises, taking advantage of the reliability of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging in the estimation of cerebral tissue viability in both clinical and research settings, [ 4 ] we conducted a case-control study comparing CTP maps of migraineurs and nonmigraineurs patients with acute ischemic stroke aimed at investigating whether a personal history of migraine is associated with vulnerability to brain ischemia. (medscape.com)
A migrainous infarction is a rare type of ischaemic stroke which occurs in correspondence with migraine aura symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
The most commonly used clinical systems divide ischemic stroke into three major stroke subtypes: large artery or atherosclerotic infarctions, cardioembolic infarctions and small vessel or lacunar infarctions. (vin.com)
In the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, immediate recanalization of the occluded artery, using systemic or local thrombolysis, is optimal for restoring the blood flow and rescuing the ischemic brain from complete infarction. (nih.gov)
In China, approximately 1.3 million people suffer from stroke each year, and about 80% are related to ischemia [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
An ischemic stroke consists of two related pathological injury processes: Primary ischemia-induced brain injury and secondary ischemia reperfusion injury ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
A study has shown that neurons in the ischemic penumbra may undergo apoptosis hours or days after ischemia and alleviating ischemia reperfusion injury is an achievable therapeutic goal in the early intervention of ischemic stroke aimed at limiting the amount of infarction ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
When ischemic stroke occurs, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia cause the release of excessive excitatory amino acids, mainly glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which exert excitotoxic effects on the central nervous system. (spandidos-publications.com)
Survival analyses were performed with recurrent infarction (stroke or diffusion-positive cerebral ischemia) as the main end point. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Cerebral infarction (cerebral infarction), also known as acute ischemic stroke (acute cerebral ischemic stroke), refers to the necrosis of the localized brain tissue caused by cerebral blood circulation disorder, ischemia and hypoxia. (crimsonpublishers.com)
Cerebral infarction is the most common type of stroke, accounting for 60%-80% of all strokes. (crimsonpublishers.com)
According to the study, the number of people who died of cerebral infarction was as high as one million and five hundred thousand people, the annual growth rate were 8.7%, and the economic burden and social burden caused by stroke were very heavy. (crimsonpublishers.com)
Almost 50 years ago, Fisher [[ 1 ]] first described the presence of cerebral infarction in the absence of any clinically apparent stroke or transient ischemic attack. (biomedcentral.com)
Rare but serious adverse events associated with the intravascular injection of soft tissue fillers in the face have been reported and include temporary or permanent vision impairment, blindness, cerebral ischemia or cerebral hemorrhage, leading to stroke, skin necrosis, and damage to underlying facial structures. (radiesse.com)
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. (bvsalud.org)
When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. (bvsalud.org)
When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. (bvsalud.org)

metabolic acidosis, arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia or infarction, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, although any organ system might be involved. (cdc.gov)

Chan PH: Mitochondria and neuronal death/survival signaling pathways in cerebral ischemia. (spandidos-publications.com)
Neuronal loss in the hippocampus, regarded as one of the basic pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment, can result from Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. (medindia.net)
We hypothesized that an imbalance of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation may be involved in delayed neuronal death after ischemia. (nih.gov)
These excitotoxic effects play important roles in neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage after cerebral ischemia ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Apoptosis is an important way of neuronal death after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. (crimsonpublishers.com)
YM90K hydrochloride is a selective AMPA receptor antagonist that delays neuronal death in a global ischemia model and cerebral infarction in a focal ischemia model following postischemic administration. (adooq.com)

Tanaka M, Mokhtari GK, Terry RD, et al: Overexpression of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) suppresses ischemia-reperfusion injury and subsequent development of graft coronary artery disease in murine cardiac grafts. (spandidos-publications.com)
Mao X, Ji C, Sun C, et al: Topiramate attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in gerbils via activating GABAergic signaling and inhibiting astrogliosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a global public health problem and ischemia‑reperfusion injury, the major cause of neurological impairment exacerbation, is closely related to excitotoxicity. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in heat shock protein (HSP)90β expression and verify whether HSP90β regulates EAAT2 expression in a cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury model. (spandidos-publications.com)
These results suggested that HSP90β is involved in the process of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury in rats and that inhibition of HSP90β expression increases EAAT2 levels, conferring a neuroprotective effect in MCAO model rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
yet at the same time it can induce ischemia-reperfusion injury, which leads to brain damage both in the ischemic core and penumbra area. (spandidos-publications.com)
Ischemia reperfusion injury is one of the important injury factors in the process of cerebral infarction, and its pathological process is very complicated. (crimsonpublishers.com)

These findings suggest that the cardioprotective potential of HupA is associated with its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties in acute myocardial infarction in rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
Priscilla DH and Prince PS: Cardioprotective effect of gallic acid on cardiac troponin-T, cardiac marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in experimentally induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
Guo J, Li HZ, Wang LC, et al: Increased expression of calcium-sensing receptors in atherosclerosis confers hypersensitivity to acute myocardial infarction in rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
The researchers found that functional electrical stimulation can promote endogenous neural precursor cell proliferation in the brains of acute cerebral infarction rats, enhance expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, and improve the motor function of rats. (medindia.net)
According to the data, safflower injection has an obvious anti apoptotic effect on hippocampus in rats with cerebral infarction. (crimsonpublishers.com)

Transient forebrain ischemia leads to delayed death of the CA1 neurons in the hippocampus. (nih.gov)
Immunohistochemical and biochemical investigations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaM kinase II) and protein phosphatase (calcineurin) after transient forebrain ischemia demonstrated that the activity of CaM kinase II was decreased in the CA1 region of the hippocampus early (6-12 hours) after ischemia. (nih.gov)
We examined the effect of L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase, on CSD-induced tolerance against transient focal cerebral ischemia. (elsevierpure.com)

We investigated whether a personal history of migraine is associated with vulnerability to brain ischemia in humans. (medscape.com)
4,5 This is well documented in humans but has not been studied in dogs, although the authors do believe that this occurs in dogs, occasionally as a historical precursor to an infarction. (vin.com)
In humans, there are regions of vulnerability within the brain where neurons are prone to be injured by global hypoxia-ischemia and hypoxia. (vin.com)

Autophagy is a process that relies on lysosomal pathways for the degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and plays an important role in the pathology of brain injury such as hypoxia ischemia[ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)

These areas are the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, several basal and thalamic nuclei, and the cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells. (vin.com)
We have compared hydroxyl radical production in the cortex and striatum as an index of oxidative stress in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia with cortical infarction. (nih.gov)
The significant increase in the ratio from the ischemic cortex compared to that from the sham-operated animals is consistent with increased oxidative stress induced by ischemia. (nih.gov)
Additionally, ERK 1/2 activation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the cerebral cortex were examined by Western blotting analysis immediately after cessation of CSD, or at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after CSD. (elsevierpure.com)

Therefore, safflower injection has an important therapeutic effect on cerebral infarction. (crimsonpublishers.com)
The results with clazosentan are very impressive and represent a ground-breaking therapeutic advancement in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm. (biospace.com)

[ 1 ] Cardiovascular end-organ damage may include myocardial ischemia/infarction, acute left ventricular dysfunction, acute pulmonary edema, and/or aortic dissection. (medscape.com)

Severe ischemia, which in the CNS would produce necrosis of the neurons and glial elements, results in an area of dead tissue termed an infarct. (vin.com)

5 The cerebrum is supplied by three pairs of cerebral arteries arising from this arterial circle, with each one responsible for the perfusion of large but overlapping areas of the cerebrum. (vin.com)
6 Severe arterial hypotension produces bilateral infarction in the boundary or watershed zones between major arterial territories. (vin.com)
Serious, sometimes fatal, arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) including myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, cerebrovascular accident, and cerebral ischemia occurred in the clinical trials of Cyramza. (southcarolinablues.com)

Therefore, it is possible that infarction occurs due to another unknown factor causing ischaemia and MA is merely a symptom associated with the process. (wikipedia.org)
However, the familiar use of the term SAH refers to nontraumatic (or spontaneous) hemorrhage, which usually occurs in the setting of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation (AVM). (medscape.com)
When cerebral infarction occurs, it can cause severe neurological impairment. (crimsonpublishers.com)
When cerebral infarction occurs, endoplasmic reticulum stress is activated. (crimsonpublishers.com)

Neurologic end-organ damage due to uncontrolled BP may include hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral vascular accident/cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage , and/or intracranial hemorrhage . (medscape.com)

Typically, in the month prior to the cerebral infarction, the patient will experience more severe MA symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
CONCLUSIONS -: These data indicate CAA induces a more severe form of cerebrovascular dysfunction than amyloid β-peptide alone, leading to intra- and postischemic CBF deficits that ultimately exacerbate cerebral infarction. (wustl.edu)
2 Cerebral vasospasm may lead to delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) in 20-50% of aSAH patients, and half of the patients with severe vasospasm develop cerebral infarction. (biospace.com)

In Japan, PIVLAZ™ (clazosentan) 150 mg, is indicated for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm, vasospasm-related cerebral infarction and cerebral ischemic symptoms after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) securing. (biospace.com)

Several factors have been associated with clinical deterioration, including aneurysm rebleeding, hydrocephalus, delayed cerebral ischaemia from vasospasm, and seizures. (bmj.com)
PIVLAZ is a potent, selective endothelin A (ET A ) receptor antagonist which targets the root cause of cerebral vasospasm. (biospace.com)
2 Clot hemolysis and the release of vasoconstricting agents can contribute to cerebral vasospasm, which typically begins approximately 3 days after aSAH onset, peaks in severity at days 8-11, and resolves by day 21. (biospace.com)
7 If untreated, cerebral vasospasm can be a key factor of morbidity and mortality in patients with aSAH. (biospace.com)
I know too that the expert physicians are very happy to finally have PIVLAZ for their patients, so that they can prevent the devastating consequences of cerebral vasospasm which occur even after the initial intervention has been successful. (biospace.com)

Cerebral ischaemia refers to a severely reduced flow of blood in the brain due to narrowing or blocking of arteries or blood vessels causing inflammation. (wikipedia.org)

Cerebral infarction is a commonly observed radiological finding in the absence of corresponding, clinical symptomatology, the so-called silent brain infarction (SBI). (biomedcentral.com)
PROACT II (Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism II), a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label clinical trial with blinded follow-up conducted between February 1996 and August 1998. (nih.gov)

Ischemia can also induce increased dopamine release from the striatum that may contribute to hydroxyl radical formation. (nih.gov)

In the early stage of ischemia and hypoxia, cells will increase the energy supply to the ischemic area, especially the functional area of the ischemic penumbra, by regulating glycolysis. (ijpsonline.com)

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease refers to cerebral blood supply disorders that occur on the basis of cerebrovascular lesions or hemodynamic disorders, resulting in a series of neurological deficits. (ijpsonline.com)

[ 5 ] as well as acute myocardial infarction , and retinal and renal involvement. (medscape.com)

Cerebral hyperexcitability in migraine experiencers might sensitize brain tissue to ischemia. (medscape.com)
Along with the observation that migraine mutants had an elevated minimum cerebral blood flow threshold required for tissue survival and developed larger infarcts, these findings directly support the hypothesis that brain tissue in migraineurs is more susceptible to ischemic injury. (medscape.com)
Safflower injection can correct the imbalance of thromboxane (TXA2) HJNKM / prostacyclin (PGI2) and abnormal changes of the ultrastructure of brain tissue in circulating blood after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and reduce the injury of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. (crimsonpublishers.com)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE -: We and others have shown that soluble amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) cause significant cerebrovascular dysfunction in mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) mice, and that these deficits are greater in aged APP mice having CAA compared with young APP mice lacking CAA. (wustl.edu)

The development of effective neuroprotection methods and the establishment of reliable imaging modalities for an early and accurate diagnosis of the extent and degree of the ischemia are imperative. (nih.gov)

A thrombus is a blood clot which forms in a cerebral blood vessel, reducing the flow of blood through that vessel. (wikipedia.org)

5 Any diseases which affect the cerebral blood vessels will cause disturbances of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) which in turn can lead to tissue damage. (vin.com)

Therefore, it can effectively inhibit the formation and development of thrombus, promote the establishment of the collateral circulation of the brain, improve the circulation of the blood in the cerebral ischemia area and promote the recovery of the nerve function of the ischemic area. (crimsonpublishers.com)

The occurrence of cerebral infarction can cause a large number of apoptosis. (crimsonpublishers.com)

A model of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion was established using the MCAO method. (spandidos-publications.com)

The transportation of these fuel molecules requires sufficient blood flow through a cerebral vasculature with adequate capacity. (vin.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms13

Diseases67

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment64

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care15

Occlusion16

Stroke19

Myocardial ischemia or infarction1

Neuronal6

Reperfusion injury7

Rats5

Transient3

Humans3

Hypoxia-ischemia1

Cortex4

Therapeutic2

Pulmonary edema1

Necrosis1

Arterial3

Occurs4

Intracranial Hemorrhage1

Severe3

Subarachnoid1

Vasospasm5

Arteries1

Clinical2

Induce1

Ischemic penumbra1

Refers1

Retinal1

Brain tissue3

Precursor1

Methods1

Blood clot1

Disturbances1

Circulation1

Apoptosis1

MCAO1

Vasculature1