Cephalosporin group antibacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cephalosporins are a broad class of bactericidal antibiotics that include the β-lactam ring and share a structural similarity and mechanism of action with other β-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, carbapenems and monobactams). (wikipedia.org)
Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics because of their clinical efficiency and desirable safety profile. (wikipedia.org)
Modification of side chains on the relevant positions has been used to create a whole new class of cephalosporin antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
Studies on cephalosporin antibiotics. (eurekamag.com)
The frequent use of antibiotics in vulnerable groups, such as patients in hospitals and nursing homes, gives rise to an increased risk of infection by multi-resistant bacteria. (rivm.nl)
This has led to a reduction in the numbers of ESBL-forming bacteria found in the intestinal flora of farm animals (ESBL: a collective name for a group of enzymes that are made by bacteria and which are able to inactivate antibiotics). (rivm.nl)
Recoveries ranged from The spiked recoveries and relative standard deviations RSDs were Stevens Johnson Syndrome May Be Side Effect of Maxaquin Fluoroquinolones, or quinolones, are a popular group of antibiotics that are some of the most widely prescribed drugs in the nation. (buyotcantibiotics.com)
Inside a scientific report titled "High prevalence about multidrug-resistant MRSA in a tertiary care the hospital of upper India", which is where they were evaluating the resistance percentages in the known convential medical treatments for a group of 783 patients, they found in which nearly all the main antibiotics have got tested, there seems to be a high fee of level of resistance. (yuquiyufarm.com)
The other classes of β-lactam antibiotics, namely carbapenems and monobactams, were discovered more recently [ 7 ] [ 8 ] , in an effort to identify new members of this broad group of molecules. (encyclopedia.pub)
The nucleus of cephalexin is related to that of other cephalosporin antibiotics. (druglib.com)
Macrolides are prescribed for intolerance to antibiotics of the penicillin series or cephalosporins, and in the presence of allergy to macrolides, lincosamides are indicated. (abchealthonline.com)
Cefuroxime is contraindicated in patients with a known allergy to the cephalosporin group of antibiotics. (medico-labs.com)
The antibacterial activity is better than that of existing oral cephalosporin antibiotics. (herb-extractpowder.com)
A Cephalosporin Drugs is a group of semi-synthetic, wide-spectrum antibiotics mainly used to treat infections of bacteria. (powershow.com)
Cefalexin is contraindicated in patients with known allergy to the cephalosporins group of antibiotics or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1. (medthority.com)
Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with virtually all broad-spectrum antibiotics, including macrolides, semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins. (medthority.com)
In the mid 1960s, the penicillin antibiotics was joined by the cephalosporins, and towards the end of the 20th century by carbapenems and monobactams. (microbiologyinfo.com)
These antibiotics have the same mechanism of antibacterial action and all possess the β - lactam ring as an integral part of their structure, but they differ widely in other characteristics. (microbiologyinfo.com)
Ceftriaxone should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics. (aristopharma.com)
Antibiotics provide only modest benefit in treating sore throat, although their effectiveness increases in people with positive throat swabs for group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS). (unboundmedicine.com)
Recently, IDSA supported a proGram, called " the ′10 × ′20′ initiative ", to develop ten new systemic antibacterial drugs within 2020 through the discovery of new drug classes, as well as to find possible new molecules from already existing classes of antibiotics [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
So, the mecA can not only come from resistance to methicillin but also to all other -lactam antibiotics, including penicillin, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. (cdc.gov)

Cefadroxil Capsules USP is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic intended for oral administration. (nih.gov)
The basic principles for the selection of antibacterial therapy include consideration of factors such as the likelihood that the infection is bacterial and the identification of the likely infecting organism to support a rational selection of an antibiotic. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
The active ingredient of our tablet, Cefpodoxime is antibacterial and belongs to the antibiotic group of cephalosporins. (isconlifesciences.co.in)
Cephalexin is a semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. (pharmakb.com)
It is a cephalosporin, a semisynthetic derivative and a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen. (pharmakb.com)
SPECTRACEF® tablets contain cefditoren pivoxil, a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. (globalrph.com)
Mefoxin (cefoxitin) is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life-threatening forms. (rxlist.com)
All patients received the same sequential antibiotic therapy: protected aminopenicillin with macrolide or III generation cephalosporin with macrolide. (dntb.gov.ua)
The average duration of antibiotic use was different in main and control groups: respectively 9.4±0.4 and 10.7±0.4 days (р <0,05). (dntb.gov.ua)
For patients with group III viral-bacterial CAP additional inclusion in the empirical sequential antibiotic therapy of inhaled decamethoxin can significantly reduce the frequency of infectious complications, duration of antibiotic therapy, as well as the duration of positive treatment results. (dntb.gov.ua)
Semisynthetic antibiotic of cephalosporin group III generation, broad-spectrum. (pharmguide.ru)
Cefpodoxime proxetil is an orally administered, extended spectrum, semi-synthetic antibiotic of the cephalosporin class. (guidelinecentral.com)
Cefalexin is a semi synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration. (medthority.com)
Axon is a 3rd generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. (aristopharma.com)

OXA beta-lactamases primarily hydrolyze narrow spectrum penicillins but certain OXA variants such as the plasmid encoded OXA 48 can hydrolyze carbapenems, even while leaving many cephalosporins active. (merckmanuals.com)
In penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, this ring is fused to another 5- or 6-member ring, whereas in monobactams, the β-lactam ring is monocyclic ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
It is also contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity (e.g. anaphylactic reaction) to any other type of betalactam antibacterial agent (penicillins, monobactams and carbapenems). (medico-labs.com)

Penicillin is the antimicrobial agent of choice for treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. (medscape.com)
Compared with penicillin/cephalosporin exposure, and no antibacterial exposure, TMP-SUL exposure was not associated with statistically significant elevated risks for cardiovascular, cleft lip/palate, clubfoot, or urinary system defects. (healthpartners.com)
Amoxicillin is the equivalent of penicillin for bacteriologic eradication of group A streptococcal infection from the tonsillopharynx. (medscape.com)
This moiety is the mainly responsible for the antibacterial properties of all these molecules, due to their ability to block the bacterial cell wall synthesis as a result of their covalent binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential enzymes involved in the terminal steps of the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the main component of the bacterial cell wall [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Cephalosporins should be given with caution to penicillin-sensitive patients, as there is some evidence of partial cross-allergenicity between the penicillins and the cephalosporins. (medthority.com)
And that was actually nine years before Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, so it was the first antibacterial treatment. (cdc.gov)
NCCLS recommends that all invasive S. pneumoniae isolates found to be "possibly resistant" to beta-lactams (i.e., an oxacillin zone size of less than 20 mm) by oxacillin screening should undergo further susceptibility testing by using a quantitative MIC method acceptable for penicillin, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and other drugs as clinically indicated. (cdc.gov)

The cephalosporins are diverse in their antibacterial spectrum, water solubility, acid tolerability, oral bioavailability, biological half-life and other properties. (wikipedia.org)
ESBLs can hydrolyze extended-spectrum penicillins (eg, piperacillin), most cephalosporins (cephamycins are not hydrolyzed by most ESBLs), and monobactams. (merckmanuals.com)
The cephalosporins are classified as first to fourth generation, according to their antibacterial spectrum (Table Selected listing of cephalosporins). (antiinfectivemeds.com)
It is often grouped together with second-generation cephalosporins and has a similar antibacterial spectrum, but with additional anti-anaerobe coverage. (tungstenhurd477.click)
Although marketed after first-generation agents, causing some clinicians to consider it a second-generation agent, its spectrum more closely resembles first-generation cephalosporins. (medscape.com)
II generation cephalosporins have enhanced activity against gram-negative bacteria and a broad spectrum of activity compared with the drugs I generation. (silicongroup.net)
It has broad spectrum antibacterial activity, which is no less than iampenem cilastatin sodium for injection. (herb-extractpowder.com)
It has a wide antibacterial spectrum for aerobic gram-positive bacteria, aerobic Chemicalbook Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. (herb-extractpowder.com)
Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria , including many multiresistant strains. (lookformedical.com)
The cephalosporin class of antimicrobial agents is known for its broad spectrum of activity, proven efficiency and favorable safety profile, making it the most commonly prescribed class of antimicrobials. (biomedcentral.com)

PO, semisynthetic, second-generation cephalosporin. (medscape.com)
An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN . (lookformedical.com)
Doxycycline and minocycline are more potent semisynthetic analogues discovered in 1966 and 1972 respectively, after which there were no significant developments until the introduction, in 2005, of tigecycline (a glycylglycine derivative), which is generally more potent again than other tetracyclines and maintains activity against some organisms that have become resistant to earlier members of the group. (microbiologyinfo.com)

Part I: Penicillins and cephalosporins. (e-lactancia.org)
There is some clinical and laboratory evidence of partial cross-allergenicity of the penicillins and cephalosporins. (medthority.com)
The admixture of beta-lactam antibacterials (penicillins and cephalosporins) and aminoglycosides may result in substantial mutual inactivation. (aristopharma.com)

Drugs in this group have close the half-life (50 - 80 min), except tsefotetan that has a higher rate (about 4 h), are distinguished mainly by the kidney, is not metabolized in the body (except cefoxitin). (silicongroup.net)

The third generation cephalosporins have a marked activity against gram-negative bacteria. (whocc.no)
For instance, two major drugs namely, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones that are widely under use have become ineffective against many E. coli infections. (iith.ac.in)

Cephalothin, a first generation cephalosporin for parenteral use was the first cephalosporin to become available for patients in the US in 1964. (wikipedia.org)
The second cephalosporin for parenteral use became available little later and was marketed in the US under the name Cephaloridine. (wikipedia.org)
If daily doses of cefalexin greater than 4g are required parenteral cephalosporins, in appropriate doses, should be considered. (medthority.com)

In vitro tests demonstrate that the cephalosporins are bactericidal because of their inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. (nih.gov)

Antibacterial substances critical to public health such as the fluoroquinolones and third and fourth generations of cephalosporins are used in livestock farming in only a very limited way. (rivm.nl)
At treatment of nosocomial infections (urinary tract infections, sepsis and pneumonia) I generation cephalosporins are useful only in combination with other antibacterial agents active against Gram-negative organisms (aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones). (silicongroup.net)
Examples include: tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, "third-generation" and "fourth-generation" cephalosporins. (microbiologyinfo.com)
meanwhile, prescribing rates for amoxicillin-clavulanate and respiratory fluoroquinolones mostly decreased, and changes in cephalosporin prescribing rates varied across age-sex groups (IRR range, 0.134-1.910). (cdc.gov)

Antibacterial agent-associated pseudomembranous colitis have been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including cefuroxime and may range in severity from mild to life threatening. (medico-labs.com)

Tazicef is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to ceftazidime or the cephalosporin group of antibacterial drugs. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
As with all beta-lactam antibacterial agents, serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. (medico-labs.com)
Before instituting therapy with cefalexin, every effort should be made to determine whether the patient has had previous hypersensitivity reactions to the cephalosporins, penicillins or other drugs. (medthority.com)

Combinations of antibacterials with other drugs, including local anesthetics or vitamins, are classified at separate 5th levels in the respective antibacterial group by using the 50-series. (whocc.no)
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of cefadroxil capsules and other antibacterial drugs, cefadroxil capsules should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
Overview of Antibacterial Drugs Antibacterial drugs are derived from bacteria or molds or are synthesized de novo. (msdmanuals.com)
Drugs in this group is not active against H. influenzae, therefore, inappropriate to their destination in infections in which large etiological role of this microorganism (bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media). (silicongroup.net)
Certain pathogenic strains of E. coli have increasingly become resistant to many antibacterial drugs and are a major threat to public health and safety. (iith.ac.in)
Cephalosporin Drugs Market - Global cephalosporin drugs market is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period on account of the rapid introduction of new treatments for various infectious diseases and increasing healthcare spending. (powershow.com)
Cephalosporin Drugs Market Size- KBV Research - The Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market size is expected to reach $14.1 billion by 2025, rising at a market growth of 3.34% CAGR during the forecast period. (powershow.com)
Nevertheless, the side effects of Cephalosporin Drugs and the development of drug-resistant bacterial strains restrict the growth of the market. (powershow.com)
Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market: Trend Analysis and Forecast to 2022 - The report on Cephalosporin Drugs Market by Infinium Global Research analyzes over the period of 2016 to 2022. (powershow.com)
This report also provides detailed qualitative and quantitative analyses of the market dynamics, market size and future trends in Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market. (powershow.com)
It will help a lot of decision makers to develop strategies and find new opportunities in the Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market. (powershow.com)
According to the report the Global Cephalosporin Drugs Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 13.9% in terms of value over the period of 2017-2023. (powershow.com)
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) supported a proGram, called " the ′10 × ´20′ initiative ", to develop ten new systemic antibacterial drugs within 2020. (biomedcentral.com)

Cephalosporins II generation is widely used in clinical practice to treat infections of different localization (non-hospital - as a single agent, hospital - usually in combination with aminoglycosides). (silicongroup.net)

Pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci). (nih.gov)
Note - Methicillin-resistant staphylococci and most strains of enterococci ( Enterococcus faecalis [formerly Streptococcus faecalis ]) are resistant to cephalosporins, including cephalexin. (druglib.com)
Among bacteria, the most common causative agent of angina is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. (abchealthonline.com)
Due to the fact that angina develops as a hyperergic reaction, this serves as a prerequisite for complications such as rheumatism, myocarditis, acute glomerulonephritis and other diseases of an infectious-allergic nature associated with antigens of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. (abchealthonline.com)
Also for express diagnostics there is a test based on the determination of the antigen of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. (abchealthonline.com)

The indications for use of the cephalosporins (i.e. the severity of the infections) vary rather extensively from one country to another. (whocc.no)
Antibacterial agents predominantly used for resistant Gram-positive Adult, Pediatric infections (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Second-generation PO cephalosporin indicated for infections caused by susceptible gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods. (medscape.com)

Cephalosporins are widely used in the Pediatric practice with a good tolerance, even in the neonatal period, so it is very unlikely that in small amounts through milk would be a cause of problems in the infant. (e-lactancia.org)
BACKGROUND: Sulfonamide antibacterials are widely used in pregnancy, but evidence about their safety is mixed. (healthpartners.com)

The cephalosporins (and other β-lactams) have the ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting essential steps in the bacterial cell wall synthesis which in the end results in osmotic lysis and death of the bacterial cell. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism of resistance for any antibacterial agent varies, but is a result of either changes in uptake of drug into, or its removal from, the bacterial cell, or to changes in the bacterial cell target site of the drug from a gene mutation. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that possesses weak antibacterial activity and acts as a competitive "suicide" inhibitor of many plasmid-mediated and chromosome-mediated bacterial beta-lactamases. (medscape.com)
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the inhaled antimicrobial drug decamethoxin in the complex treatment of patients with group III viral-bacterial CAP. (dntb.gov.ua)
There was enrolled 62 patients with group III viral-bacterial CAP. (dntb.gov.ua)
Axon like other cephalosporins and penicillins kills bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. (aristopharma.com)

Of these, the cephalosporin (1a) with a hydroxyimino group in the C-7 side chain showed a potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus as well as good oral absorption in rats. (eurekamag.com)
Multiple drug resistance is also a major impediment to antibacterial therapy and may be chromosomal or plasmid mediated, where genetic elements from resistant bacteria that code for enzymes that inactivate antibacterial agents are transferred to nonresistant bacteria. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
In general, they are active against certain aerobic gram-negative bacteria in addition to activity against many gram-positive organisms sensitive to first-generation cephalosporins. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
For example, to date, hundreds of cephalosporin derivatives are available and they are classified into five "generations" that are characterized by different ways of administration and by an enhanced microbicidal activity towards Gram-negative bacteria (while the founder molecule is mainly active on Gram-positive bacteria) [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylo- coccus aureus are the most frequent colonizing agents whereas group A beta-haemolytic streptococci are the most virulent bacteria. (who.int)

The chemical structure of cefotetan, like that of several other cephalosporins, contains an N -methylthiotetrazole (NMTT or 1-MTT) side chain . (tungstenhurd477.click)

One such standard procedure1,3 which has been recommended for use with disks to test susceptibility of organisms to Cefoxid uses the cephalosporin class (cephalothin) disk. (sdrugs.com)

Like most cephalosporins for which data are available, excretion occurs in breast milk in very small amount and it is clinically insignificant (Barr 1991). (e-lactancia.org)

V. Synthesis, antibacterial activity and oral absorption of new 3-((Z)-2-methoxycarbonylvinylthio)-7.Beta. (eurekamag.com)
Yes No. Synthesis and biological evaluation of hybrid quinolone-based quaternary ammonium antibacterial agents. (buyotcantibiotics.com)

In the last two decades multi drug resistant microorganisms (both hospital- and community-acquired) challenged the scientific groups into developing new antimicrobial compounds that can provide safety in use according to the new regulation, good efficacy patterns, and low resistance profile. (biomedcentral.com)

Third-generation cephalosporin for oral administration. (e-lactancia.org)
A series of new 3-[(Z)-2-methoxycarbonylvinylthio]-7 beta-[(2- aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-cephalosporins (1) having various oxyimino groups (Z-form) at the alpha position of the C-7 side chain was synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity and oral absorption in rats. (eurekamag.com)

Most cephalosporins are excreted primarily in urine, so their doses must be adjusted in patients with renal insufficiency. (msdmanuals.com)
Patients of the main group were prescribed inhalations through a nebulizer of the antiseptic drug decamethoxin in addition to antibacterial therapy from the first day of treatment for 5-7 days. (dntb.gov.ua)
There were no infectious complications in the patients of the main group, while 24 (72 %) patients of the control group were diagnosed with acute rhinopharyngitis (47.0 % of cases), lateral pharyngitis (13 %) and sinusitis (9 %), other complications (otitis, infectious exudative pericarditis). (dntb.gov.ua)
La réanimation agressive, la prise en charge nutritionnelle, l'excision chirur- gicale complète des plaies infectées, la fermeture rapide des plaies, les greffes et la mise au point d'une chimiothérapie locale et systémique efficace ont permis d'améliorer grandement le taux de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients brûlés. (who.int)

The core itself can also be referred to as 7-aminocephalosporanic acid which can be derived by hydrolysis from the natural compound cephalosporin C. Chemical compounds containing this core are relatively stable to acid hydrolysis and tolerance to β-lactamases. (wikipedia.org)
The first chemical compounds of the cephalosporin group were isolated from Cephalosporium acremonium, a cephalosporin-producing fungus first discovered by Giuseppe Brotzu in 1948 from a sewage outfall off the Sardinian coast. (wikipedia.org)
Today we are left with thousands of semisynthesized analogues of natural cephalosporin compounds based on the knowledge gained by intensive research on the chemistry of those two starting materials. (wikipedia.org)
The founder of this second class of compounds, cephalosporin C, was identified from these filtrates in 1953 and its structure was fully characterized in 1961 [ 5 ] [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Therefore, the cephalosporins can be further classified into generations depending on antibacterial activity, time of invention and structural basis. (wikipedia.org)
Modification of side-chains in position 7 of the lactam ring seems to affect the antibacterial activity while position 3 of the dihydrothiazine ring alters pharmacokinetic properties and receptor binding affinity. (wikipedia.org)
From crude filtrates of the Cephalosporium acremonium culture scientists got new antibacterial activity. (wikipedia.org)
Second-generation cephalosporin maintains the gram-positive activity of first-generation cephalosporins and adds activity against Proteus mirabilis, H influenzae, E coli, K pneumoniae, and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)

Cephalexin has a D -phenylglycyl group as substituent at the 7-amino position and an unsubstituted methyl group at the 3-position. (druglib.com)

This group comprises antibacterials for systemic use, except antimycobacterials, which are classified in J04. (whocc.no)
Combinations of two or more systemic antibacterials from different third levels are classified in J01R, except combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, which are classified at a separate 4th level, J01EE. (whocc.no)

Resistance of pathogens to antibacterial and other chemotherapeutic agents may be the result of a natural resistance or may be acquired. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Staphylococcus aureus is very tough treat when contracted for the high resistance rate to a group of antibacterials called beta-lactams. (yuquiyufarm.com)

Isolates with inducible AmpC expression may initially test as susceptible to 3rd-generation cephalosporins, which can complicate treatment decisions, especially for Enterobacterales. (merckmanuals.com)
Enterobacter cloacae , K. aerogenes , and Citrobacter freundii should be regarded as harboring inducible AmpC, and 3rd-generation cephalosporins should be avoided regardless of susceptibility results. (merckmanuals.com)
I generation cephalosporins are currently considered an effective means for prevention of infectious complications in surgical operations on the biliary tract, stomach and small intestine, pelvic organs, in traumatology and orthopedics, vascular and cardiac surgery. (silicongroup.net)
In action on gram-positive cocci are similar to those of cephalosporins I generation. (silicongroup.net)
Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins. (powershow.com)

The cephalosporins are classified into subgroups according to generations. (whocc.no)
There are 5 generations of cephalosporins. (msdmanuals.com)

Klebsiella infection is also known as Klebsiella or Klebsiella (by the name of the pathogen) - a group of infectious diseases that are caused by opportunistic microorganisms that are common in newborns and young children. (stop-seizures-meds.com)

Significant renal toxicity, which has been rare with the penicillins and uncommon with the cephalosporins, is a greater risk with the penems. (nih.gov)
Strategies for avoiding renal toxicity with new cephalosporins and penems are discussed. (nih.gov)

Antibacterial agents, which target specific components of microorganisms that are unique or more essential to their function than they are to humans, are classified according to their mechanisms of action. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

The cephalosporins are used in highly variable dosages for different indications, which should be reflected in the assigned DDDs. (whocc.no)

It groups beta-lactamases by class on the basis of molecular homology. (merckmanuals.com)

The core of the basic cephalosporin molecule consists of a two ring system which includes a β-lactam ring condensed with dihydrothiazine ring. (wikipedia.org)
i.e., the molecule contains both a basic and an acidic group. (druglib.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms47

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science2

Health Care1

Antibiotics22

Antibiotic14

Carbapenems3

Penicillin7

Spectrum10

Semisynthetic3

Penicillins and cephalosporins3

Cefoxitin1

Third-generation cephalosporins2

Parenteral3

Bactericidal1

Fluoroquinolones4

Cefuroxime1

Hypersensitivity3

Drugs13

Aminoglycosides1

Streptococcus5

Infections3

Widely2

Bacterial6

Bacteria5

Cefotetan1

Organisms1

Clinically1

Synthesis2

Resistant1

Oral2

Patients4

Compounds4

Activity4

Cephalexin1

Systemic2

Resistance2

Generation5

Generations2

Infectious Diseases1

Toxicity2

Microorganisms1

Indications1

Class1

Molecule2