• Instead, Ran and its associated proteins shift their focus from nuclear transport to the regulation of microtubule dynamics. (silverchair.com)
  • A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)
  • The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, we studied the expression of Rho GTPases, RhoA and Cdc42, since they are key proteins in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the stability of epithelial intercellular junctions. (bvsalud.org)
  • The PCM is an ordered lattice that anchors a large number of microtubule (MT)-associated proteins, many of which bear putative coiled-coil domains, a tertiary structure known to facilitate protein-protein interactions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulates centrosomal microtubule nucleation. (helixlabs.ai)
  • Importantly, while previous investigations have focused attention on AKAP350 at the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus, our recent studies have led to the recognition that in most cells a large cytosolic pool of AKAP350 associates with CCAR1 and caprin and regulates mRNA trafficking and participates in microtubule-dependent stress granule formation. (grantome.com)
  • Together with dynactin, dynein regulates centrosomal orientation to establish and maintain cell polarity, controls focal adhesion turnover and anchors microtubules at the leading edge. (biologists.com)
  • The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the lab of Dr. Isabelle Vernos at the Center for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, Spain I investigated microtubule dynamics during cell division. (radikes.com)
  • Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)
  • Present address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. (biologists.com)
  • The mitotic spindle is a dynamic microtubule-based apparatus that ensures the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. (nature.com)
  • It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I was interested in determining if the mitotic kinesins and dynein played a role in nucleation, stabilization and/or organization of the acentrosomal asters. (radikes.com)
  • Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
  • We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Dynein is the sole processive minus-end-directed microtubule motor found in animals. (biologists.com)
  • While our light microscopy and mutant studies show that microtubules are nucleated from the centrosomes, we find only a few KMTs directly connected to the centrosomes. (nature.com)
  • Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In animal cells, centrosomes represent the major microtubule-organizing structures (MTOC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • AKAP350 is localized to both centrosomes and the Golgi apparatus, and we have demonstrated that depletion of AKAP350A with siRNA leads to disruption of the Golgi structure as well as alteration of polymerizing microtubules. (grantome.com)
  • My project focused on determining key players in the regulation and organization of acentrosomal asters. (radikes.com)
  • Using a microtubule regrowth assay, I observed the nucleation and formation of acentrosomal asters through immunofluorescence and confocal time-lapse imaging. (radikes.com)
  • In addition to this cell work I learned how to harvest Xenopus laevis extracts, how to deplete key mitotic regulators from the extract and how to induce the formation of spindles in these extracts, in order to probe how key mitotic factors regulate microtubules dynamics and spindle formation. (radikes.com)
  • Recent findings by several groups have shown that the GTP-bound form of Ran is necessary for the nucleation and organization of microtubule structures during M phase. (silverchair.com)
  • The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)
  • We find that when aggresomes are present, neuronal cells are unable to organise their microtubule network. (biorxiv.org)
  • Several lines of evidence suggest that microtubules are nucleated at the neuronal centrosome, and then released for transport into axons and dendrites. (silverchair.com)
  • Here we sought to determine whether the microtubule-severing protein known as katanin mediates microtubule release from the neuronal centrosome. (silverchair.com)
  • These results indicate that microtubule-severing by katanin is essential for releasing microtubules from the neuronal centrosome, and also for regulating the length of the microtubules after their release. (silverchair.com)
  • Is consciousness to be found in quantum processes in microtubules? (sciforums.com)
  • Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • The challenge of studying these large anchored multiprotein complexes is to discern the role of specific coordinated complexes in the regulation of intracellular processes. (grantome.com)
  • It may be that katanin severs microtubules throughout the cell body to keep them sufficiently short to be efficiently transported into developing processes. (silverchair.com)
  • The microtubules within these processes have a consistent 13-protofilament lattice and are tightly regulated with regard to their polarity orientation. (silverchair.com)
  • They develop in a juxtanuclear position, adjacent to the centrosome, the microtubule organizing centre of the cell, and share some protein components. (biorxiv.org)
  • The juxtanuclear location of the aggresome is shared by the centrosome, the microtubule organising centre of the cell. (biorxiv.org)
  • The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)
  • The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. (helixlabs.ai)
  • Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. (helixlabs.ai)
  • We investigated whether the formation of aggresomes affected key centrosome functions: its ability to organize the microtubule network and to promote cilia formation. (biorxiv.org)
  • In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I found motors that seemed to affect microtubule nucleation or stabilization, microtubule polymerization, and microtubule organization. (radikes.com)
  • Depletion of PIP4KIIγ enhanced the spindle pole accumulation of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), a microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing kinesin, and resulted in a less stable spindle pole-associated MT. Depletion of MCAK can ameliorate PIP4KIIγ depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microinjection of an antibody that inactivates katanin results in a dramatic accumulation of microtubules at the centrosome, indicating that katanin is indeed required for microtubule release from the centrosome. (silverchair.com)
  • The spindle microtubule (MT) exhibits highly regulated dynamic instability, with frequent polymerization and depolymerization occurring at both the plus and minus ends. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consistent with this idea, there were significantly fewer free ends of microtubules in the cell bodies of neurons that had been injected with the katanin antibody compared with controls. (silverchair.com)
  • used microscopy to observe the formation of the microtubule filaments in living myoblasts. (elifesciences.org)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • New microtubules are not nucleated and extended, and the cells fail to respond to polarity cues. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here we combine the first large-scale serial electron tomography of whole mitotic spindles in early C. elegans embryos with live-cell imaging to reconstruct all microtubules in 3D and identify their plus- and minus-ends. (nature.com)
  • Indeed, by quantitatively analysing several models of microtubule growth, we conclude that minus-ends of KMTs have selectively detached and depolymerized from the centrosome. (nature.com)
  • A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
  • In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • TPX2 microtubule nucleation factor [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • At this level the action potentials for electric and chemical responses (comfort, discomfort) are generated and action potentials are a result of the microtubule data processing system. (sciforums.com)
  • We have proposed a model whereby these features of the axonal and dendritic microtubule arrays are established within the cell body of the neuron. (silverchair.com)