Centralized state ethiopia. Medical search. Frequent questions

April 22, 2014 -- Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal -- In 1935 Ethiopia became the first and only country in Africa to defeat a European colonial power during the "scramble for Africa", making it the only independent nation in Africa that has never been colonised. (links.org.au)
I ask my readers to ring in the new year with a firm resolution to seek redress for human rights violations in Ethiopia, other parts of Africa and throughout the world. (ethiopianreview.com)
The changing of the guard in Ethiopia in early 2018 was considered as an opening for disrupting Chinese advance in Africa. (theafricareport.com)
It therefore begins by examining why and how Ethiopia became such an important partner for China in Africa, and how Sino-Ethiopian infrastructure relations thrived partly due to the relative affinity between Chinese and Ethiopian governance processes and their shared spatial objectives. (bristoluniversitypressdigital.com)
Unusual in Africa, Ethiopia was already a strong centralised state before Europeans colonised that continent in the 19th century. (fullertreacymoney.com)
Yet the answer is vital to any deeper understanding of the present crisis in Ethiopia, and particularly of a war between the federal government and the Tigrayan authorities, which threatens to lay waste to the country and destabilize the Horn of Africa. (eritreahub.org)
USA - United States of America Canada United Kingdom Australia New Zealand South America Brazil Portugal Netherland South Africa Ethiopia Zambia Singapore Malaysia India China UAE - Saudi Arabia Qatar Oman Kuwait Bahrain Dubai Israil England Scotland Norway Ireland Denmark France Spain Poland and many more. (steadyrun.com)
It is " the country that's never had an election " and is today among the most repressive states in Africa. (yahoo.com)

The war in Ethiopia is essentially between multinational federalist forces and those who espouse a unitary and centralised approach to governance and state building. (theafricareport.com)
A centralized system is needed to ensure good governance and equal development among others. (thereporterethiopia.com)
This chapter argues that Ethiopia has received so much finance from China (both before and after the announcement of the BRI) partly because of Ethiopia's potentiality as an 'infrastructure state', due to its relatively centralized state structures and hierarchical governance processes. (bristoluniversitypressdigital.com)

This report, based on almost 100 interviews, including 70 former prisoners of Jail Ogaden, documents torture and other serious abuses, including rape, long term arbitrary detention, and horrific detention conditions in Jail Ogaden in Ethiopia's Somali Regional State (Somali Region) between 2011 and early 2018. (hrw.org)
In Ethiopia's Somali region there has been pressure to adopt an Ethiopian -Somali identity in order to claim full citizenship to the federal state. (lse.ac.uk)
Tigray refugees who fled the conflict in the Ethiopia's Tigray walk to Hamdeyat Transition Center after arriving on the banks of the Tekeze River on the Sudan-Ethiopia border, in Hamdayet, eastern Sudan, Saturday, Nov. 21, 2020. (theafricareport.com)
Ethiopia's Cabinet declared a six-month state of emergency last week in the region as clashes and mass protests intensify over a plan to absorb regional forces into the military. (mywabashvalley.com)
Ethiopia's intelligence chief and the official overseeing the state of emergency, Temesgen Tiruneh, acknowledged Sunday that irregular Amhara forces had taken control of towns, released inmates from prisons and seized government institutions. (mywabashvalley.com)
[1] Before Ethiopia's current regime came to power in 1991, a de jure centralized court system run by a unitary state carried out judicial functions throughout the country. (islamiclaw.blog)
The Tigray National Regional State is Ethiopia's northernmost regional state. (theafrican.co.za)
However, TPLF's leaders viewed Abiy's reforms as an attempt to centralise power and demolish Ethiopia's federal structure, which guarantees significant autonomy to ethnically-defined states such as Tigray. (theafrican.co.za)
The rise in violence contrasts sharply with the global praise for Ethiopia's young, reformist Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who has forged peace with neighbouring Eritrea, vowed to overhaul state companies and reached out to dissidents at home. (co.ke)

This connection is important because Barre's regime was responsible for much of the violence which led to the 1991 collapse of centralized authority in Somalia, the subsequent mass starvation and the deaths of more than a million Somalis and the mass displacement of millions more Somalis. (counterpunch.org)
For eight years following the exhumation, with the Emperor's body lying in the crypt, the surviving members of the royal family, most of them exiles, argued sporadically with the new government (which had ousted the Derg from power in 1991) over whether or not there would be a state funeral. (johnryle.com)
In 1991, the Tigre People's Liberation Front, after fighting the Ethiopian army for a decade, seized power and inaugurated a new government, renaming the country the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (islamiclaw.blog)

Though Ethiopia has shown relative progress in two doing business indicators, specifically the ease of obtaining construction permits and registering property, its overall rank on the 2020 World Bank Ease of Doing Business Index was 159 out of 190 countries, which is the exact same ranking from 2018 and 2019. (state.gov)
W ho is Abiy Ahmed, the man who has been Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018? (eritreahub.org)
Ten years later, in October 2018, Robow, who once condemned democracy as "unbelief" ( kufr ), announced his candidacy for the presidency of Somalia's South West State. (somalilandmonitor.com)
Between 2015 and 2018, Ethiopian people protested en masse against the TPLF-led government, which was experienced by many as oppressive, violent and self-serving. (lse.ac.uk)
3 The WHO evaluation policy (2018) is availab le at: https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB143/B143(9)- en.pdf?ua=1, accessed 16 March 2023. (who.int)

Eritrea is a highly centralized, authoritarian regime under the control of President Isaias Afwerki. (state.gov)
For more discussion on Ethiopia and Eritrea, click HERE . (links.org.au)
The latter is being supported by Eritrea partly because the force on the other side which is considered to be the most ideological and highly organised but also the last trench for multinational forces in Ethiopia, the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) is viewed as a mortal enemy by Asmara. (theafricareport.com)
However, it is unclear if Mohamud will continue his predecessor's role in trilateral negotiations with Ethiopia and Eritrea on greater regional integration. (uu.se)
The region is bordered to the north by Eritrea, to the west by Sudan (claimed and occupied by the neighbouring Amhara Regional State), to the south by the Amhara Region, and to the east and south-east by the Afar Region. (theafrican.co.za)
In my book , Understanding Eritrea: Inside Africa's Most Repressive State , I profile the president who led the country as it fought for its freedom from Ethiopia for 30 years, only to then turn on his own people. (yahoo.com)
At the time Eritrea was an integral part of Ethiopia. (yahoo.com)
As the US State Department's 2019 annual report stated: "Eritrea is a highly centralized, authoritarian regime under the control of president Isaias Afwerki. (yahoo.com)

On the one hand, we have a broad coalition of the Ethiopian Federal Defense Forces led by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, a myriad of armed groups from the Amhara region, smaller contributions of militias from the other regional states and more than 10 divisions of the Eritrean regular army supported by militarised drones supplied by the United Arab Emirates. (theafricareport.com)
In a call to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed on Friday, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken expressed concern about the deteriorating security situation. (mywabashvalley.com)
After the resignation of Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, the appointed successor Abiy Ahmed promised to reform the country's authoritarian, centralised and hierarchical political system to base it on rule of law. (lse.ac.uk)

It is almost three weeks since a large-scale war started in the Tigray region of Ethiopia involving a multitude of internal actors and external military players. (theafricareport.com)
The federal government has tried to centralize security powers after the end of a devastating two-year conflict in the country's Tigray region, where Amhara regional forces and militia were key allies of the federal military. (mywabashvalley.com)
Against this background, there is great concern about the Federal government decision to allow the Amhara Regional State to administer the parts of Tigray it has taken over. (africa-confidential.com)
The National Bank of Ethiopia has frozen all bank accounts opened in Tigray State. (africa-confidential.com)
When Mohamud was president before, he had good relations with the ruling Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) in Ethiopia - and the party was quick to congratulate him on winning the election. (uu.se)
A U.S.-brokered truce had ended the two-year civil war with the Tigray People's Liberation Front, which had been fighting to carve out its own state in the north of the country. (zehabesha.com)
Fano supporters say the government's plans to disband the militia were misguided, and that they exposed the region to attack from Tigray or Oromia, its historic rivals for land and power in Ethiopia. (zehabesha.com)
Picture: AFP - Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) fighters arrive in Mekele, the capital of the Tigray region in Ethiopia, in June last year. (theafrican.co.za)
In response, many of the TPLF's leaders withdrew from federal politics and retreated to Tigray, their home region in northern Ethiopia. (theafrican.co.za)
Abiy stated that the federal government would not recognise the election results, and lawmakers suspended funding to the Tigray regional government, resulting in a domino effect of escalation between the regional and the federal governments. (theafrican.co.za)
Ethiopia has expelled seven United Nations officials - including a South African - for "meddling" in the humanitarian crisis provoked by Addis Ababa's war with its Tigray regional government. (dailymaverick.co.za)
But his attempts to centralise power in the ethno-regional federation provoked a war with Tigray in November last year. (dailymaverick.co.za)
Ethiopian security forces patrol at street after Ethiopian army took control of Hayk town of Amhara city from the rebel Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) in Ethiopia. (mg.co.za)
Ethiopia has been in the midst of a bloody and destabilising conflict after tensions between the government of Ahmed and the Tigray regional government erupted into a fully-fledged civil war in November 2020. (mg.co.za)
The African Union, and its high representative General Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria, was the Ethiopian government's preferred lead mediator , while the Tigray regional state government expressed scepticism about the neutrality of Obasanjo and later put their trust in a parallel US-Kenya initiative. (mg.co.za)
With the introduction of the federal system in 1995, and the design of new regional states, the fertile west Tigray (Welkait, Tsegede and Humera districts) was included under the borders of Tigray. (mg.co.za)

Ethiopia was then modernized by Emperor Haile Selassie after his coronation in 1930, bringing two constitutions in 1931 and revisited in 1955 that was a unitary parliamentary system with the legislature divided into the Chamber of Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. (wikipedia.org)

In the Somali region of Ethiopia, it seems like everyone knows someone who was locked up in the dreaded Jail Ogaden, but no one wants to speak about the horrors there. (hrw.org)
These changes were to differentiate the Somali region of Ethiopia from other Somali territories such as the Republic of Somalia and the self-declared territory of Somaliland. (lse.ac.uk)

ARABLOUEI: They wanted to treat each of the major ethnic groups as nations within Ethiopia, which translated to less centralized power in the country's capital and the creation of nine semi-autonomous regions for each of those ethnic groups. (wvia.org)
[2] In addition to the judiciaries of each state, the federal government established a judiciary of federal courts located in Addis Ababa, the country's capital, and Dire Dawa, a small city-state in the country's southeast. (islamiclaw.blog)

The Imperial Parliament of Ethiopia (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት ፓርላማ) was the bicameral legislature of the Ethiopian Empire from 1931 to 1974. (wikipedia.org)
I am thankful for all of the support and encouragement I have received from my readers in Ethiopia and the Ethiopian Diaspora and others throughout the world. (ethiopianreview.com)
Prior to this, the Ethiopian state was highly centralised, first under an imperial state, then under a military-socialist state. (lse.ac.uk)
Against this historical background, the actions of Ogaden politicians to drive further integration of the region into the Ethiopian state raised questions about Ogaden identity, which had previously been defined by the issue of secession and about Ogaden political homogeneity. (lse.ac.uk)
Towards the end of the Administration there was much debate about whether the Ethiopian Somali territory should be returned to Ethiopia or incorporated into the Greater Somalia project. (lse.ac.uk)
There is also evidence of some Ogaden notables who retained close contact with Ethiopian officials and were open to persuasion about remaining in Ethiopia. (lse.ac.uk)
The first is related to how the Ethiopian state, by extension the African state, has to be defined. (theafricareport.com)
State-run Ethiopian Airlines suspended flights to Lalibela, Gondar and Dessie. (mywabashvalley.com)
The Ethiopian Investment Commission (EIC) has the mandate to promote and facilitate foreign investments in Ethiopia. (state.gov)
A year later, with a tacit support of Jimmy Carter administration, the Ethiopian army, backed by the forces of the USSR's proxy states of northern Yemen, Libya, and Cuban forces- attacked the occupying Somali forces. (counterpunch.org)
But the TPLF faces an uphill battle against the Ethiopian state. (gebeta.net)

The country continued to experience significant adverse changes in its human rights situation due to its intervention in the conflict in northern Ethiopia, which began in November 2020 and continued throughout the year. (state.gov)

The United States closely collaborates with Ethiopia in covert missions against fundamentalist Islamists and others in neighboring Somalia and South Yemen. (links.org.au)
This is due to the secessionist conflict that came to characterise the region and became prominent during the 1977-1978 war between Ethiopia and Somalia. (lse.ac.uk)
This historic partnership had ended in 1977 after Somalia suddenly invaded Ethiopia and took over Ogaden- a disputed region occupied for centuries by Somali nomads. (counterpunch.org)
The occupying Somali army was pushed back across the 1960 border between Somalia and Ethiopia, which had been drawn by European colonial powers. (counterpunch.org)
If Mohamud has to appease regional leaders, the state-building process in Somalia will be further undermined, according to Bereketeab. (uu.se)
The former president tried to centralise Somalia in order to build a functional state. (uu.se)
South West State is one of the five semi-autonomous member states that make up the often-fractious Somali federal republic (excluding Somaliland, which doesn't see itself as a part of Somalia). (somalilandmonitor.com)
The Kingdom ruled over parts of what are now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. (lumenlearning.com)

The TPLF has been blamed for having strong political relations with Beijing and becoming a leading proponent of a new path for development, policy sovereignty and a developmental state paradigm in Africa's economic and international relations. (theafricareport.com)

Even in Japan, Ethiopia became appreciated as the first non-Caucasian power to defeat Europeans, an achievement the Japanese were to duplicate in warfare against Russia in 1904. (links.org.au)
In fact, non-territorial tribes or other ethnic groups living in areas owned by another regional state have no power under the constitution. (thereporterethiopia.com)
According to scholars such as Yacob, granting ethnic groups ultimate power is the incorrect assumption for forming a state. (thereporterethiopia.com)
All rights reserved.In their intensity, scale and duration, the big demonstrations of 2015 and 2016 in the country's most populous states (or regions), Oromya and Amhara, showed the level of rejection of the ruling power. (opendemocracy.net)
Furthermore, the so-called "ethnic clashes" in Oromya and in the Somali Regional State suggest that the same ruling power is now coming apart. (opendemocracy.net)
The premier believes the power of positive thinking can help him save Ethiopia. (eritreahub.org)
The mainstream interpretation is that the crisis is rooted in a struggle about whether power should lie at the center in Addis Ababa or be distributed among the capitals of the ten regional states. (eritreahub.org)
In fact, investing in telecommunications infrastructure is only one aspect of the way in which the Chinese government is using digital technologies to centralize power. (brookings.edu)
His detention, which his supporters saw as the result of the federal government's blatant interference in South West State's regional government and an attempt to broaden federal power over the regional states, raised concerns from Somali politicians and international organizations - including the United Nations - about the rule of law, the federal executive branch sliding toward authoritarian tendencies, and the harming of counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency efforts. (somalilandmonitor.com)
Stated in simple words, the means of production include: a) productive forces such as technology, skills, materials resources, and source of power (water power, electricity, and the like) and b) the productive relations, that is, the relationship between people engaged in producing material goods. (tigraionline.com)

Amid a throng of mourners and onlookers, some of them weeping and kissing the ground in prayer, I watched as the remains of Haile Selassie I, the last emperor of Ethiopia, were carried from the Ba'ata Maam Geda church and monastery in Addis Ababa, down to the open space of Meskal Square-the Square of the Finding of the True Cross-for the start of his long-delayed public obsequies. (johnryle.com)
Twenty-Fourth Ordinary Session 30-31 January 2015 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (who.int)

For any state, whether it is a federation or another form, having its own land and its own boundary is the first priority. (thereporterethiopia.com)
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies stated (30/09/2017) that the " ethnic clashes have led to the displacement of more than 45,000 households (225,000 people) ", though without specifying the period concerned. (opendemocracy.net)
In other words, should Ethiopia be a centralized federation of regions largely defined by geographical boundaries, or a looser confederation of national ethnic entities? (eritreahub.org)
[4] To advance the principle that each ethno-linguistic group has a right to self-determination, Article 39 of the Federal Constitution grants all nine ethno-states the right to secede from the federation at any time and without cause by a two‑thirds vote of legislative council members and a majority vote in a state referendum. (islamiclaw.blog)

Menelik formed a more centralized government within a delimited boundary by the 1900s. (wikipedia.org)
He further pushed for a centralized command government and initiated paying a salary to the soldiers. (wikipedia.org)
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. (state.gov)
The COI found the government, largely the armed forces and particularly the border surveillance division, implemented a shoot-to-kill policy to prevent its citizens from crossing the border into Ethiopia. (state.gov)
Generations later, like most African nations, Ethiopia is suffering under corrupt and incompetent government and political instability. (links.org.au)
Much of this support from the USA comes from the portrayal of Ethiopia as a strong and stable government in a region riddled with political upheaval. (links.org.au)
The corrupt government dominates the economy and the military and this has made Ethiopia one of the poorest country in the world -- with the support of the USA. (links.org.au)
The track records of the EPRDF-led government in Ethiopia shows a different kind of political economy reinforcing theories of anti-intervention, dependency theory, and world systems which provided critiques of the state in the developing world and its relations to the developed West. (theafricareport.com)
War is still raging in western Ethiopia, driving the federal government into another chapter of chaos just two months after successfully ending the war in northern Ethiopia. (thereporterethiopia.com)
The government then decided, as it were, to subcontract the struggle against the ONLF by setting up, training and equipping the only regional armed force in the whole federal state of Ethiopia, the Liyu Police. (opendemocracy.net)
In October 2016, the government justified its declaration of the state of emergency by the need to end protest in Oromya and Amhara state. (opendemocracy.net)
AmCham provides a mechanism for coordination among American companies and also facilitates regular meetings with government officials to discuss issues that hinder operations in Ethiopia. (state.gov)
At one point, Witt speaks to a crew member whose claim - that he was put out of work when, in 2006, the Lagos state government outlawed billboards - the author unquestioningly reproduces, failing to mention that, at that time, the government merely attempted to crack down on illegal signage. (africasacountry.com)
European missionaries tended to be driven by liberal ideas and to collaborate with the colonial state in providing education, but they also took a stand against human rights abuse by the colonial government. (theelephant.info)
While there were no credible reports of unlawful or politically motivated killings within the country, there were credible reports that government forces deployed in northern Ethiopia committed arbitrary or unlawful killings (see section 1.g. (state.gov)
He presents, too, the virtue of force and centralized government acting without conflict for the whole nation at once. (codoh.com)
She said the government offensive, including a state of emergency declared on Aug. 4, is aimed at restoring order in Amhara. (zehabesha.com)
The country's federal government maintains ever-fluctuating, often combative relations with the administrations of regional states. (somalilandmonitor.com)
The people of Ethiopia are not requiring a change of guard, they are requiring an overall change of the government - a dynamic change, a fundamental change, [to] the way the EPRDF is considered so far. (horndiplomat.com)
Mano River Union5 Heads of State and Government decision to move towards zero cases in 60 days, starting from 15 February 2015. (who.int)
Uganda has a long history of community-driven response to HIV, although health systems and response programming have become more centralised through government and donors to address political commitments to HIV treatment and other targets. (bvsalud.org)

Formally a federal democracy, Ethiopia is a highly centralised one-party state. (links.org.au)
In March 2012, I boldly predicted that Ethiopia will transition from dictatorship to democracy. (ethiopianreview.com)
But I also cautiously suggested that dissolution of the dictatorship in Ethiopia does not guarantee the birth of democracy. (ethiopianreview.com)
A lot of heavy lifting needs to be done to propel Ethiopia from the abyss of dictatorship to the heights of democracy. (ethiopianreview.com)

By funding research and development and the technical capacity of our justice system at home, the United States can produce desirable court and justice technologies that counteract China and advance liberal ideals around the world. (brookings.edu)
Contribution: This study makes conceptual, empirical and practical contributions that advance insights into the relationship between disability stigma and participation in Ethiopia and the dimensions of epistemic justice relevant to understanding the nature and drivers of disability stigma. (bvsalud.org)

Under Emperor Menelik II, Ethiopia became a centralized state under a multiethnic empire with over 80 ethnic groups despite having Shewan Amhara dominance. (wikipedia.org)
However, after relocating their bases to Ethiopia, the nature of the conflict shifted to controlling the areas constitutionally assigned to ethnic groups. (thereporterethiopia.com)
In this regard, the context is that Ethiopia was founded as a state with the approval of the nine regional states, which now number ten, and other ethnic groups are in the process of establishing regional states. (thereporterethiopia.com)

For the past three decades, the topic of ethnicity and land in Ethiopia has gone unaddressed under both the unitarist Derg and the federalist regimes. (thereporterethiopia.com)
He further contends that, unlike Ethiopia, federalist governments such as Nigeria lack the authority to establish their own police forces. (thereporterethiopia.com)
The new regime established an ethno-federalist system of nine states, with each state designed to recognize one or more ethnolinguistic groups. (islamiclaw.blog)

The years between 1935 and 1941 marked a drastic hindrance for the Abyssinian Empire in the development towards a modern state. (univie.ac.at)
[7] Sharīʿa courts received even wider recognition and support during Italy's military occupation of Ethiopia from 1935 to 1941. (islamiclaw.blog)

One of the seven UN officials ordered to leave, Grant Leaity, the deputy humanitarian coordinator for Ethiopia in the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ocha), is a South African, from Johannesburg. (dailymaverick.co.za)
Given the magnitude of the outbreak and the involvement of non-health sectors, centralized coordination was requested by ECOWAS Ministers of health. (who.int)

How did Ethiopia go from its leader winning the Nobel Peace Prize to war in a year? (wvia.org)
Elsewhere, rebels in Oromia, Ahmed's own home region, are also fighting to resist the former Nobel Peace Prize winner's attempts to centralize control over the entire country. (zehabesha.com)

Audrey Wabwire speaks to Felix Horne about the new Human Rights Watch report on Jail Ogaden, and about what it takes to restore hope to many who have silently suffered in the Somali region and across Ethiopia. (hrw.org)
Archival documents show that Ogaden notables petitioned British officials not to return the region to Ethiopia. (lse.ac.uk)
In 2007, the ONLF (Ogaden National Liberation Front), a secessionist movement that is the embodiment of Somali irredentism in Ethiopia, attacked an oilfield and killed 74 people, seven of them Chinese. (opendemocracy.net)

In particular, authority over all the armed structures of each of the country's nine states (regional police, security, militias, etc.), shifted from their governments to the Command Post and therefore - at least on paper - to the Liyu Police as well. (opendemocracy.net)

The UAE leaders with clear regional interests and preferences for coercive diplomacy in the Horn, and beyond, favour strong leaders and short-term stability imposed by strong security states. (theafricareport.com)
For example, as a result of a dispute and social movement over claims to become a regional state, the Gurage zone is currently managed by command post. (thereporterethiopia.com)
Regional states have the right to self-determination under the current constitution and federalism model. (thereporterethiopia.com)
Robow's arrest and detention have broader implications for Somalia's fractious politics, specifically the growing tensions between the federal government's leaders, President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed "Farmajo" and Prime Minister Hassan Ali Khayre, and the semi-autonomous regional states. (somalilandmonitor.com)
In addition to worsening already sore relations between the federal and regional state governments, Robow's arbitrary arrest also threatens to benefit al-Shabaab and harm efforts to attract defectors from the insurgent group. (somalilandmonitor.com)

1. In the Centralized DBMS system, the data is stored at a single computer site, which can be used by multiple users. (steadyrun.com)
3. If the centralized system fails, the entire system is halted. (steadyrun.com)
4. A centralized system is less reliable whereas Distributed DBMS is more reliable. (steadyrun.com)
Even in centralized school system, it is very difficult and challenging to make teachers and learners strictly adhere to the message given by the new mode of production. (tigraionline.com)
To safe guard ourselves from over determinism and from a mechanistic outlook, especially when analyzing the transitional society such as Ethiopia, we will include ruminants of the superstructures of former social formations in addition to looking at changes in the educational system which correspond to changes in the socioeconomic structure. (tigraionline.com)
In mid-2010s, an Indian state, introduced a district ranking system to monitor the monthly performance of health programs alongside a set of data quality initiatives. (bvsalud.org)
The pressure to exaggerate progress was a symptom of the broader system for assessing health performance that was often viewed as punitive, and where district- and state-level superiors were viewed as having limited ability to ensure accountability for data quality. (bvsalud.org)
ABSTRACT We conducted a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study to assess the core activities and supportive functions of the communicable diseases surveillance system (CDSS) in Khartoum state, Sudan, for the period 2005-2007. (who.int)
60% of member states to have an established EBS system by 2021. (cdc.gov)

Two months later, Fortune compared Fascist Italy's social policies with those of the Democratic Party in the United States: "The Corporate State is to Mussolini what the New Deal is to Roosevelt. (codoh.com)
Colonel Demeke Zewdu, credited for spurring democratisation in Ethiopia, insisted on peaceful and democratic processes following the rule of law, despite harassment and life threats. (lse.ac.uk)

Taking into consideration the shortage of human resources in the Evaluation Office during 2022, progress to date in implementing the corporate/centralized evaluations on the Organization-wide evaluation workplan for 2022-2023 has been reasonable. (who.int)

This cannot help with nation-building and maintaining a strong state. (thereporterethiopia.com)
Through a strong centralized administration and an aggressive military stance towards invaders, it successfully resisted an Oromo invasion from the west and a Portuguese incursion from the east. (lumenlearning.com)
My belief is that is there will be no re-establishment of law and order without strong leadership," said long-time independent Ethiopia researcher Rene Lefort. (co.ke)

In the heart of the eastern city of Jijiga, just five minutes from the University, lies one of the most notorious detention centers in Ethiopia. (hrw.org)
The effect of this measure is the suspension of some of the citizens' rights: the parliament has modified the penal code to raise maximum imprisonment time for gang affiliates from 9 to 45 years, and state of detention for the arrested can now last 15 days instead of the regular 72 hours. (traileoni.it)

But the remote origins of the crisis in Ethiopia stem from opposing narratives around the country's imperial history. (eritreahub.org)
This is a crisis affecting both established democracies, like the United States , as well as developing nations. (brookings.edu)
However, that isn't the only ongoing geopolitical crisis - from a brutal ethnic cleansing in Ethiopia to indescribable gang wars in El Salvador, the world is far from being at peace. (traileoni.it)

No independent media, judiciary, opposition parties or civil society to speak of exist in today's Ethiopia. (links.org.au)
[12] There are thus technically ten court systems in Ethiopia: nine state court systems and one federal judiciary, all subordinate to the Federal Constitution in matters of basic rights. (islamiclaw.blog)

Distinguish, differentiate, compare and explain what is the difference between Centralized and Distributed DBMS. (steadyrun.com)

The population of the border zone between the two federal states of Oromya and Somali has long been mixed, with recurrent conflicts over resources, in particular between pastoralists for access to grazing land and water. (opendemocracy.net)
[11] Article 78 of the Constitution establishes federal and state courts that operate concurrently. (islamiclaw.blog)
According to the constitution, the former should have been dealt with on the state or zonal level, the latter on the federal. (lse.ac.uk)

But it has also opened debate about histories of cooperation and resistance between clans, and sub-clans, and the central state, writes Namhla Thando Matshanda. (lse.ac.uk)

The decision-making process in Cuba is highly-centralized and far removed from the average person. (billfrist.com)

In conjunction with these changes, political elites in the region promoted new historical interpretations about clan politics, secessionism, and inter-ethnic alliances in Ethiopia to build national solidarity. (lse.ac.uk)
Part of this confusion emanates from the failure to appreciate the different political attitudes of American and European missionaries towards the state, and how that difference influences Christianity in Kenyan political life today. (theelephant.info)
A state of emergency order soon followed the announcement, plunging Ethiopia even further into a state of political uncertainty. (horndiplomat.com)
Chapter 1 surveys the political and socio-economic structure of Ethiopia. (tigraionline.com)
The negotiation track pursued by the African Union, backed by the United States and European Union, is well-intentioned but it does not consider the political realities on the ground. (mg.co.za)

The adoption of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia in the early 1990s sought to address historical imbalances and to empower previously marginalised ethnic communities. (lse.ac.uk)

By the 9th century it was the capital of the Ifat Sultanate and a major port for its successor state the Adal Sultanate. (lumenlearning.com)

Based on the theoretical framework, "Correspondence and Contradiction", developed by two of my professors at Stanford University, Martin Carnoy, and Henry Levin, I documented a historical account of the nature of the socio-economic formation and the dependent and subordinate relations of Ethiopia to the hegemony of the United States up to the early part of the 1970s. (tigraionline.com)

The new state of emergency in the Amhara region, which must be approved by parliament, bans gatherings and gives authorities powers to detain suspects without a court order, impose curfews and conduct searches. (mywabashvalley.com)
At no point was the region centralized as one state, and the development of all the sultanates was linked to the central role that Islam played in the area since the 7th century. (lumenlearning.com)

Feudalism was a predominant sociopolitical and economic order in Ethiopia for many years. (wikipedia.org)
That is, in order to analyze the development of modern education in Ethiopia, an analytical framework based on the principles of correspondence and contradiction was adopted. (tigraionline.com)

However, its potential is very high, given that Ethiopia enjoys fertile soils, a tropical climate and water availability. (fullertreacymoney.com)
He said the centralised decision-making behind the reforms has led to paralysis in the regions, creating fertile ground for discontent, violence and score-settling. (co.ke)

China's "techno-authoritarian toolkit" has already been exported to at least 18 countries, including Ecuador, Ethiopia, and Malaysia. (brookings.edu)

This progression is essential for high population countries such as Ethiopia if they are to avoid the crises that have been such drags on their development previously. (fullertreacymoney.com)

Ethnic federalism in Ethiopia has given more autonomy to marginalised people and regions. (lse.ac.uk)
At a conceptual level, ethnic federalism fundamentally transformed the historic centre-periphery relationship in Ethiopia by affording the peripheries a level of autonomy. (lse.ac.uk)

SARAH VAUGHAN: Ethiopia had incredibly high rates of economic growth, some of the highest on the planet. (wvia.org)
It concludes that Argentina's infrastructure state overwhelmingly focuses on the promise of economic growth through the exploitation of nature, neglecting the serious environmental and social consequences of extractivist development. (bristoluniversitypressdigital.com)
Further, attempts were made to examine dialectically how some unintended schooling outcomes contradict the stagnant economic situation in Ethiopia. (tigraionline.com)
For instance in Ethiopia as it would be shown later that the Orthdox Church and Quranic Schools functioned side by side with the western oriented schools even though their teachings were dysfunctional to the internally generated and imported economic forces. (tigraionline.com)

Robow's candidacy raised uncomfortable questions about how international actors, including the United States, the European Union, and the United Nations, should engage with him if he was elected. (somalilandmonitor.com)

Abiy believes that after Ethiopia teetered on the edge of the abyss two or three years ago, when outbreaks of violent unrest threatened the country with disintegration, the only path to salvation is a kind of moral revolution. (eritreahub.org)

The prime minister has even resumed his normal calendar of official events, traveling to northern Kenya earlier this month to open a new border post with Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta-and no doubt to reinforce the impression that Ethiopia has returned to business as usual. (gebeta.net)
This really struck me in comparison to what I've seen in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, and Bangladesh. (billfrist.com)

In El Salvador a new chapter in the decades-long fight between gangs and the state is being written. (traileoni.it)

RAMTIN ARABLOUEI, BYLINE: But as Ethiopia transition from empire to modern nation-state in the late 1800s, it faced a major challenge - how to unite more than 80 different ethnic and religious groups in the country under one national identity. (wvia.org)

The Provisional Military Administrative Council ("Derg"), a Soviet-aligned group of military officers, has ruled Ethiopia since 1974. (islamiclaw.blog)

Two months later, i.e. while the state of emergency was in full swing, the Liyu Police carried out its first significant raid in Oromya, and such raids proliferated in the months that followed. (opendemocracy.net)
Ethiopia needs significant inflows of FDI to meet its ambitious growth goals. (state.gov)

The legislature was established in the 1931 Constitution, and all members were appointed, primarily by the Emperor of Ethiopia. (wikipedia.org)
The argument continued up to the eve of the event, when the Royal Family reluctantly accepted that the emperor would not be accorded full state honours. (johnryle.com)

Using purposive sampling, we interviewed 48 district-level respondents from high, middle and low ranked districts, and 35 division- and state-level officials, all of whom had data-related or program monitoring responsibilities. (bvsalud.org)

Objectives: This study aimed to understand the drivers and experiences of disability stigma in Ethiopia, from the perspective of persons with disabilities engaged in CBID programmes, and to establish how disability stigma acts as a barrier to participation. (bvsalud.org)

They requested state institutions recognise their indigenous Amhara identity and end discrimination. (lse.ac.uk)

These extraordinarily rich and detailed case studies offer fascinating new insight into how states around the world are navigating the current era of growing geoeconomic competition. (bristoluniversitypress.co.uk)

Organisms1

Diseases6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

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Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science1

Health Care4

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Africa8

Governance3

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19913

20185

Eritrea8

Abiy Ahmed3

Tigray16

Unitary1

Somali region of Ethiopia2

Country's capital2

Ethiopian11

20201

Somalia8

TPLF1

Power10

Addis Ababa2

Federation4

Government21

Democracy4

Justice2

Ethnic groups3

Federalist3

19352

Coordination2

Nobel Peace2

Ogaden3

Militias1

Regional5

System9

Democratic2

20221

Strong3

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Resistance1

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Fertile2

Ecuador1

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Economic4

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Kenya2

Salvador1

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Emperor2

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Insight1