The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. (shabdkosh.com)
The miniature central part of the retina, called macula, is responsible for detailed and straight-ahead vision. (mkdremedy.info)
A circular field of approximately 6 mm around the fovea is considered the central retina while beyond this is peripheral retina stretching to the ora serrata, 21 mm from the center of the retina (fovea). (org.es)
It is immediately obvious that there are many interneurons packed into the central part of the section of retina intervening between the photoreceptors and the ganglion cells (Fig 3). (org.es)
Central retina close to the fovea is considerably thicker than peripheral retina (compare Figs. 9 and 10). (org.es)
This is due to the increased packing density of photoreceptors, particularly the cones, and their associated bipolar and ganglion cells in central retina compared with peripheral retina. (org.es)
Central retina is cone-dominated retina whereas peripheral retina is rod-dominated. (org.es)
Thus in central retina the cones are closely spaced and the rods fewer in number between the cones (Figs. 9 and 10). (org.es)
The outer nuclear layer (ONL), composed of the cell bodies of the rods and cones is about the same thickness in central and peripheral retina. (org.es)
However in the peripheral the rod cell bodies outnumber the cone cell bodies while the reverse is true for central retina. (org.es)
In central retina, the cones have oblique axons displacing their cell bodies from their synaptic pedicles in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). (org.es)
Interestingly, the pigment is captured and normally (typically) distributed at the macula in such a way that it peaks centrally at the foveola (the part of the retina responsible for high acuity and colour vision) and declines with increasing retinal eccentricity. (bmj.com)
As well as a blind spot, every human eye also has an area of the retina that provides high-quality focused vision known as the macula or macula lutea. (zeiss.co.za)
The macula is the central retina, accounting for only four percent of the total retinal area. (cureamd.org)
The macula, also known as the central region of the retina, which AMD characterizes, begins to deteriorate. (nutriavenue.com)
[1] To date, meso -zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms [2] and in the macula lutea , also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina. (wikipedia.org)
thus, the optic nerve should cross via Retina en route to the brain. (vedantu.com)
A few vertebrates, including humans, hold an area of the central Retina adapted for a high-acuity vision. (vedantu.com)
Conclusions: The electrical retinal response density in ERG waveforms increased following SO removal, indicating amelioration of the electrical activity of the retina and macula. (mehdijournal.com)
thus, the retina is considered part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is actually brain tissue. (wikipedia.org)
therefore, the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
[9] Some vertebrates, including humans, have an area of the central retina adapted for high-acuity vision. (wikipedia.org)
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of worldwide blindness in the elderly, is a bilateral ocular condition that affects the central area of retina known as the macula. (org.es)
Light continues through the vitreous humor and the light converges on the retina, specifically the fovea centralis of the macula. (medscape.com)
The bottom set of images shows a cross section of the retina in which you can see the reduction of fluid underneath the macula in just 3 months with our system. (macularegeneration.com)
Fovea centralis7
The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. (wikipedia.org)
The parafovea extends to a radius of 1.25 mm from the central fovea, and the perifovea is found at a 2.75 mm radius from the fovea centralis. (wikipedia.org)
GCL has >5 layers of cells, and highest density of cones Anatomical fovea / fovea centralis (clinical: macula) Area of depression in the centre of the macula lutea. (wikipedia.org)
Fovea centralis is the central depressed part of the macula. (optography.org)
This small, central pit - the fovea centralis - is located right in the middle of the macula and is responsible for sharp, central vision. (zeiss.co.za)
At the posterior pole of the eye lateral to the blind spot, there is a yellowish pigmented spot called macula lutea with a central pit called the fovea centralis. (sciencetechstudy.com)
Centre of the macula1
The centre of the macula contains the highest concentration of cone cells, one of the two types of photoreceptor cells in the eye. (zeiss.co.za)
Retinal5
Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity. (childrensmercy.org)
For example, we use psychophysical methods to measure the concentration of the dietary carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin within the fovea (termed macular pigment or the macula lutea) and have related those pigments to various aspects of retinal and brain function. (uga.edu)
This study was aimed at assessing retinal function using electrodiagnostic testing after successful PPV with SO tamponade in the eyes with macula-off RRD. (mehdijournal.com)
In addition, ffERG and mfERG can be used to monitor retinal function in the eyes with macula-off RRD and SO tamponade. (mehdijournal.com)
Although the macula comprises only four percent of retinal area, it is responsible for the majority of useful photopic vision. (org.es)
Photoreceptors1
The center of the fovea is the foveola - about 0.35 mm in diameter - or central pit where only cone photoreceptors are present and there are virtually no rods. (wikipedia.org)
Diameter5
Anatomical macula / macula lutea / area centralis (clinical: posterior pole): Diameter = 5.5mm (~3.5 disc-diameters) (about 18 deg of VF) Demarcated by the superior and inferior temporal arterial arcades. (wikipedia.org)
The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas. (shabdkosh.com)
It is located on the nasal side of the macula lutea, is oval in shape, and is approximately 1.5 mm (0.06 inch) in diameter. (circat.cat)
Surrounding macula lutea, which is the circular patch of yellow-pigmented tissue with the size of up to 5 to 6 mm (0.2 to 0.24 inch) in diameter. (vedantu.com)
The fovea lies at the center of the macula (Fig. 1, asterisk) and is approximately 2mm in diameter. (org.es)
Rods1
Except at the macula lutea the rods are far more numerous than the cones, and assume the form of elongated cylinders, while the cones are shorter than the rods, and taper externally to fine points. (co.ma)
Meso2
The carotenoids (lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso -zeaxanthin (MZ)) are found in the human macula, where they are collectively known as macular pigment (MP). (bmj.com)
For example, it has been suggested that meso -zeaxanthin of trout integuments is derived from astaxanthin , [10] and meso -zeaxanthin in primates (macula lutea) is derived (at least in part) from lutein . (wikipedia.org)
Macular Edema2
I have been helping people achieve Macula Regeneration™ with natural remedies and therapies for 39 years now, with both wet and dry ARMD as well as other macular health challenges like macular holes, macular edema, and epiretinal membranes. (macularegeneration.com)
Errors of more than 10% of value were considered of relevant potential impact on clinic RESULTS: There was no significant difference in thickness automated central and manual in normal patients, and with macular edema, while there was a significant difference in central thickness in patients with MNVSR. (unifesp.br)
The perifovea contains an even more diminished density of cones, having 12 per 100 micrometres versus 50 per 100 micrometres in the most central fovea. (wikipedia.org)
The central fovea consists of very compact cones, thinner and more rod-like in appearance than cones elsewhere. (wikipedia.org)
In 2018 the anatomy of the foveola was reinvestigated, and it was discovered that outer segments from the central foveolar cones of monkeys are not straight and twice as long as those from the parafovea. (wikipedia.org)
Cones in the central fovea express opsins that are sensitive to green and red light. (wikipedia.org)
Ophthalmologists1
If the evidence favored AMD as being an unusual or rare disorder in the past - and ophthalmologists were collectively able to visualize the macula simultaneously - then that evidence would strongly be in favor of an environmental factor at work. (cureamd.org)
Lutein2
Macula lutea contain high concentrations of zeaxanthin and lutein. (mkdremedy.info)
In other words, lutein helps in the protection of out central vision. (mkdremedy.info)
Parafovea1
Anatomical perifovea: Region between parafovea (2.5mm) and edge of macula GCL has 2-4 layers of cells. (wikipedia.org)
Disease3
AMD is a disease that blurs the sharp, central vision needed for "straight ahead' activities such as reading, sewing and driving. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
A primary focus of the laboratory has been the investigation of how lifestyle, primarily dietary, influences both the development of degenerative disease and the normal function of the central nervous system. (uga.edu)
They're just a two of the many millions of people affected by this potentially devastating disease, which gradually steals the central vision. (cureamd.org)
Vascular2
The examiner can view the central parts of the eye - such as the optic nerve papilla, vascular sources and the macula lutea (yellow spot). (heine.com)
The macula lutea, which derives its name from the deposition of yellow xanthophyll pigments (see chapter on Simple Anatomy), is located temporal to the optic disc and is bounded by the temporal superior and inferior vascular arcades (Fig. 1). (org.es)
Affects1
It affects the macula, the part of the eye that allows you to see fine detail. (naturalproductsinsider.com)
Peripheral vision1
leads to a severe loss of central vision while peripheral vision is retained. (embl.de)
Thickness1
In the segmentation of macula thickness of patients with MNVSR there was a higher frequency and magnitude of errors, with relevant potential impact on clinical interpretation. (unifesp.br)
Humans1
The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for activities for which visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving. (wikipedia.org)
Essential2
According to the study, the nutrients are concentrated in the macula lutea, an essential part of the macular pigment, implicating them in protecting eyes and vision. (nutriavenue.com)
The macula is essential for central vision or looking at objects straight in front of us. (puritan.com)
Primary1
We included the eyes that underwent a single successful three-port PPV with SO tamponade for the primary repair of macula-off RRD. (mehdijournal.com)
Visual1
The macula accounts for almost 10% of the entire visual field. (org.es)
Light1
When an eye is looking directly at an object, light rays from that object are focused on the macula lutea. (medlineplus.gov)
Normal1
The frequency of segmentation errors in the macula OCT was In the normal group, 17.14% (24 of 140) in the EMC group and 66.19% (47 of 71) in the MNVSR group. (unifesp.br)
System1
What is the difference between Central neural system (CNS) and Peripheral neural system (PNS)? (lifeeasy.org)
Vision loss1
Instead, millions with AMD suffer bilateral central vision loss such that they can no longer drive, read a newspaper, prepare meals, or enjoy recreational activities. (org.es)