Central leptin diet induced metabolic syndrome is central obesity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Levels of leptin Hypertension Adiponectin Epidemic Chronic Adipose tissue T2DM Hepatic Adipokines Disorders Prevalence of obesity Type 2 diabet Polycystic ovary sy Diabetes and obesity Triglycerides Inflammation Insulin and leptin Effects of leptin Obese Mechanisms Morbidity Serum leptin Abnormalities Metabolism Hypertriglyceridemia Coupled with insulin resistance Glucose Endocrine Treatment of metabolic syndrome Lead to obesity Adiposity Definition of metabolic syndrome Management of metabolic syndrome Development of metabolic syndrome Hormones Dietary Deficiency Physiologic Aggravate Diseases Behavioral Fatty liver disease Rats Peripheral Hyperlipidemia Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Appetite Receptor Weight gain Severity Plasma insulin Resistance MetS Mice Prevention Adipocytes Overweight and obesity Diagnosis Therapeutic Risk Factors Globally Energy expenditure Testosterone Nervous system Pancreatic

In obesity, a decreased sensitivity to leptin occurs (similar to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes), resulting in an inability to detect satiety despite high energy stores and high levels of leptin. (wikipedia.org)
Controlling for the effects of diet and percentage body fat with a multivariate model revealed a significant association between knee osteoarthritis severity and serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, and IL-1α. (biomedcentral.com)
Physiologic levels of leptin do not alter extracellular matrix homeostasis in healthy cartilage, suggesting that leptin may be a secondary mediator of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The relation between cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of leptin in obese humans (17,18) suggests that defective BBB transport accounts for more of the overall resistance to leptin than the receptor/postreceptor defects (19). (clubalthea.com)

Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and aging promote vascular inflammation and endothelial activation [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clustering of complex medical conditions, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. (researchsquare.com)
Regular intake of ready-to-eat meals is related to obesity and several noninfectious illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tumors. (diabeets.com)
Current studies regarding the consumption of ready-prepared foods and their consequences reliably reported a significant correlation between obesity, several noninfectious illnesses (noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)), cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, several types of malignancies, and many more [1-5] . (diabeets.com)
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic risk factors (including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity and impaired glucose metabolism), which is associated with a twofold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Ford, 2005), and an even higher risk of T2DM (Grundy, 2008). (bhma.org)
Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises central obesity, increased plasma glucose levels, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and its incidence is increasing due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
MS can be defined by the presence of abdominal obesity and any 2 of the following factors: increased fasting plasma glucose, increased TGs, reduced HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
Though the diagnostic criteria for MetS has been variably defined in the literature, most definitions now include the presence of at least three of the following: Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein levels. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a disease of unknown aetiology, typically affecting young obese women, producing a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without identifiable cause. (bmj.com)
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome characterised by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown cause ( box 1 ). (bmj.com)
These meta-analyses consistently show that depression increases the risk of overall mortality (RR = 1.81) and the development of cardiovascular-related outcomes, such as heart disease (RR = 1.81), diabetes (RR = 1.60), hypertension (RR = 1.42), stroke (RR = 1.34) and obesity (RR = 1.58). (biomedcentral.com)
Hypogonadism that results in suboptimal testosterone levels is very dangerous as it contributes to higher risk of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, vascular plaque, Metabolic Syndrome and myocardial infarction. (hippevo.com)
Metabolic syndrome is a group of several cardiovascular risk factors like insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. (carakasamhitaonline.com)
The criteria to define 'metabolic syndrome' includes different parameters like obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension. (carakasamhitaonline.com)

In addition to their main functions, adipocytes have endocrine functions and can secrete a variety of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Training intervention leads to a decrease in leptin level of middle-aged or older, overweight or obese male and female groups, even without major weight loss, indicated by unchanged serum adiponectin levels. (plos.org)
Among adipokines, leptin and adiponectin are the most abundantly secreted peptides [ 11 ]. (plos.org)
The cumulative loss of fat leads to a decrease in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin. (medscape.com)

With a global epidemic in obesity, time is of the essence to make lasting improvements to patient care. (bhma.org)
[2] Overconsumption of fat- and sugar-rich meals and beverages have been proposed as a fundamental factor behind the metabolic syndrome epidemic. (wikipedia.org)
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic diseases. (researchpaper.sbs)
ABSTRACT The Arab world is experiencing an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (who.int)
Epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence and severity of obesity have increased to epidemic proportions worldwide, making it a global public health problem. (molvis.org)

Studies in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease have shown that chronic administration of leptin can ameliorate brain pathology and improve cognitive performance, by reducing b-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated Tau, two hallmarks of Alzheimer's pathology. (wikipedia.org)
Its ability to provide relief of chronic pain, to induce an increase in appetite, to alleviate nausea, and to ease anxiety are only some of the common uses for it. (medscape.com)
Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, relapsing disorder characterized by excess body weight and defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2. (msdmanuals.com)
The ABOM stresses obesity be considered a chronic disorder that requires lifelong treatment and follow-up. (msdmanuals.com)
Adipocytes are involved in adaptive immunity to mediate the pathological processes of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune syndromes. (frontiersin.org)
Adaptive immunity mediates the pathological processes of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune syndromes and cancers. (frontiersin.org)
With the aim of gaining insights into the latter, this study examined the metabolic profile of young adult male rats that were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidemiological studies show that chronic stress increases the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Elimination of the NLRP3-ASC inflammasome protects against chronic obesity-induced pancreatic damage. (nature.com)
Similarly, a neutral, peripherally restricted CB 1 receptor antagonist (AM6545) was able to attenuate the metabolic phenotype caused by chronic corticosterone, suggesting a peripheral mechanism for these effects. (iasvn.org)
Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. (mdpi.com)
One potential benefit of fenugreek is improving elevated blood glucose and lipid levels associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. (lww.com)

The amount of circulating leptin correlates with the amount of energy reserves, mainly triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Function The primary function of the hormone leptin is the regulation of adipose tissue mass through central hypothalamus mediated effects on hunger, food energy use, physical exercise and energy balance. (wikipedia.org)
Reduction of PPAR-γ expression and generation of a pro-inflammatory environment by increased lipocalin-2 expression in white adipose tissue may contribute to stress-induced glucose intolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aims to unveil biological markers that establish the molecular basis of stress-induced glucose intolerance, with a special emphasis on the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT). (biomedcentral.com)
It is considered the counterpart of the hormone leptin , produced by adipose tissue , which induces satiation when present at higher levels( ref ). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Adipose tissue in obesity becomes refractory to suppression of fat mobilization by insulin, and also to the normal acute stimulatory effect of insulin on activation of lipoprotein lipase (involved in fat storage). (cambridge.org)

Studies showed that monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces raised echelons of oxidative stress, and excessive hepatic lipogenesis is concomitant to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (diabeets.com)
26 120 180 ] Body mass index (BMI) has been widely used to indicate the level of obesity, though recent studies have found that abdominal or visceral adiposity (vs subcutaneous), as reflected in the waist-to-hip ratio or waist circumference, is a strong criteria for predicting the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
180 ] While obesity is a risk factor for MetS, the fact that not all obese patients develop MetS or T2DM[ 25 106 186 196 203 230 266 ] suggests that adiposity may not be etiologic. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

In the literature, there is a link that NAFLD is the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome diagnosis ( Takahashi & Fukosato, 2014 ). (nursingcenter.com)
We found that a gut-brain axis including ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and the central melanocortin system directly regulates the hepatic synthesis and re-uptake of cholesterol( ref ). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
To test the role of the liver, specific and exclusive deletion of hepatic CB 1 receptor resulted in a rescue of the dyslipidemic effects of glucocorticoid exposure, while not affecting the obesity phenotype or the elevations in insulin and leptin. (iasvn.org)
Together, these data indicate that glucocorticoids recruit peripheral endocannabinoid signaling to promote metabolic dysregulation, with hepatic endocannabinoid signaling being especially important for changes in lipid metabolism. (iasvn.org)
CB 1 R −/− mice are also protected against the CORT-induced increase in ( G ) liver weight, ( H ) plasma cholesterol, ( I ) alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ( J ) triglycerides, and ( K ) hepatic triglycerides. (iasvn.org)
Low hepatic ATP, hyperuricemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation reported in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients may reflect insufficient hepatic O 2 delivery, potentially accounting for the sympathetic overdrive associated with MetS. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free (GF) model organisms has provided strong support for a can you buy skelaxin over the counter usa causal role of hepatic mTORC2 in aging. (antiwaft.com)

Leptin is one of the major adipokines in obesity that indicates the severity of fat accumulation. (plos.org)
Key mediators implicated by observational and cross-sectional studies include leptin, adipokines, and serum Il-6. (msdmanuals.com)

We then reviewed whether the reported changes in gut bacterial members found to be established by complex carbohydrates would benefit or harm the cardiometabolic and immunological health of the host taking into account the alterations in the microbiome composition and abundance known to be associated with obesity and its associated disorders. (frontiersin.org)
Raising SCFA levels in the intestine contributes to the beneficial effects of berberine to lower insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. (pcosnutrition.com)
The possibility that "faulty" circuits could be remodeled by BDNF is an exciting concept for new therapies for obesity and eating disorders. (hyperthermicwellness.com)
In this review we focus on the bene ﬁ cial impact of sleep on glucose metabolism and suggest a possible strategy for therapeutic intervention against sleep-related metabolic disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes) are major public health concerns. (iasvn.org)
The pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome shall be clubbed with disorders due to overnutrition (santarpanajanya vyadhi) in Ayurveda . (carakasamhitaonline.com)
Risk for obesity and metabolic disorders begins during perspective can inform more effective and sustainable gestation (1). (cdc.gov)
Feeding low-protein diets to pregnant rats produces a increased more than in children not exposed to tobacco in broad spectrum of disorders in their offspring (7): hyper- utero. (cdc.gov)
Another study found pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight, a that smoking during the 12 months before birth of a child marker of risk for obesity and other metabolic disorders was associated with adolescent overweight (21). (cdc.gov)

Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017-2018. (msdmanuals.com)
The growing prevalence of obesity is strongly associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, and lifestyle factors including diet are known to play a critical role in the development and progression of T2D [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
India and many other countries in South-East Asia are currently going through the so-called nutrition transition which is associated with a change in the structure of the diet and rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity. (researchpaper.sbs)
There are alarming data related to the rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children of Arab ethnicity. (who.int)
The alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity or MetS is likely to further exacerbate the risk for ophthalmic abnormalities associated with obesity. (molvis.org)

MS is closely related to lifestyle and central obesity, serving as a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health concern in the United States with an estimated 18.3 million adults having physician-diagnosed diabetes, an additional 7.1 million adults having undiagnosed diabetes and about 81.5 million having prediabetes, also referred to as metabolic syndrome [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic syndrome is a subgroup of patients with shared pathophysiology who are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. (carakasamhitaonline.com)
Insulin resistance underlies a constellation of adverse metabolic and physiological changes (the insulin resistance syndrome) which is a strong risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and CHD. (cambridge.org)
11), altered liver structure and function (12), altered naire data from 8,765 children aged 5 to 7 years, smoking gene expression (13), and possibly type 2 diabetes mel- after pregnancy was not associated with childhood obesity litus (10). (cdc.gov)
We support the concept that elevated glucose and fatty acids synergize in causing toxicity in islets and other organs, a process that may be instrumental in the pleiotropic defects associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Type 2 diabetes is considered to be in most cases a polygenic disease with a strong involvement of environmental factors, such as diet and exercise ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

While berberine may be new to the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) community, nothing is new about the numerous benefits of this potent supplement. (pcosnutrition.com)
[1] Various genetic factors can increase risk, such as a family history of diabetes, and there are some specific medical conditions associated with insulin resistance, such as polycystic ovary syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
Recommendations From the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. (medscape.com)
Metformin and combined oral contraceptive pills in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (medscape.com)

Depression has been shown to subsequently increase the risk of, for example, cardiovascular, stroke, diabetes and obesity morbidity. (biomedcentral.com)
The current review focuses on the role of the eCB system in normal kidney function and various diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, that directly contributes to the development of renal pathologies. (degruyter.com)
This review summarizes the major pathological factors linking obesity to diabetes, focussing on current epidemiological data related to obese diabetic patients in the Arab world, the etiology of the disease and the genetic determinants of diabetes and obesity. (who.int)
Gaps exist in our information about diabetes and obesity in Arabpopulations in relation to ethnic-specific cut-off points for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. (who.int)

Prospective studies have confirmed that lower endogenous androgens predict central adiposity in men (Rosmond et al, 2003) and that these low testosterone levels are significantly inversely associated with levels of blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and body mass index and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (Zmuda et al, 1997). (bhma.org)
Serum fatty acids and other serum lipids(triglycerides and total, HDL and LDL cholesterol), as well as markers of inflammation (leptin, and C-reactive protein) and glucose regulation (glucose and hemoglobin A1c) were assessed from fasting participants at baseline and after the intervention. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we show that milk, for which fats are 98% triglycerides , immediately inhibited leptin transport as assessed with in vivo, in vitro, and in situ models of the BBB. (clubalthea.com)
Both starvation and diet-induced obesity elevated triglycerides and decreased the transport of leptin across the BBB, whereas short-term fasting decreased triglycerides and increased transport. (clubalthea.com)
Three of four triglycerides tested intravenously inhibited transport of leptin across the BBB, but their free fatty acid constituents were without effect. (clubalthea.com)
We conclude that triglycerides are an important cause of leptin resistance as mediated by impaired transport across the BBB and suggest that triglyceride-mediated leptin resistance may have evolved as an anti-anorectic mechanism during starvation. (clubalthea.com)
Decreasing triglycerides may potentiate the anorectic effect of leptin by enhancing leptin transport across the BBB. (clubalthea.com)
Here, we postulate that triglycerides may underlie the impairment in BBB transport in both obesity and starvation. (clubalthea.com)
Triglycerides are decreased with fasting but are elevated with starvation and tend to be elevated with obesity. (clubalthea.com)
Because serum triglycerides are elevated in both starvation and obesity, we postulated that triglycerides inhibit leptin transport across the BBB. (clubalthea.com)

The mechanisms by which obesity influences the structural or symptomatic features of osteoarthritis are not well understood, but may include systemic inflammation associated with increased adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the independent association of systemic adipokine levels with knee osteoarthritis severity supports a role for adipose-associated inflammation in the molecular pathogenesis of obesity-induced osteoarthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
The heterogeneity of the depression concept seems to play a differentiating role: metabolic syndrome and inflammation up-regulations appear more specific to the atypical depression subtype, whereas hypercortisolemia appears more specific for melancholic depression. (biomedcentral.com)
In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB 1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. (degruyter.com)

In reality, however, the underlying problem is improper insulin and leptin signaling . (detailshere.com)

As scientifically known so far, the general effects of leptin in the central nervous system are: Deficiency of leptin has been shown to alter brain proteins and neuronal functions of obese mice which can be restored by leptin injection. (wikipedia.org)
We also examined healthy porcine cartilage explants treated with physiologic doses of leptin, alone or in combination with IL-1α and palmitic and oleic fatty acids, to determine the effects of leptin on cartilage extracellular matrix homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Empirical research papers were eligible provided that they reported data of middle-aged or older (above 45 years of age) overweight or obese (body mass index above 25) individuals and included physical training intervention or at least fitness status of groups together with corresponding blood leptin values. (plos.org)
The inability of obese mice to respond to peripherally administered leptin while responding to centrally administered leptin is likely caused by a defect in leptin transport across the BBB. (clubalthea.com)
These data further our understanding of the role of endocannabinoid signaling to promote not only diet-induced, but also, hormonal-mediated obesity and support the argument that peripheral blockade of endocannabinoid signaling could be a potential treatment for obese conditions. (iasvn.org)

Many mechanisms of ethanol-induced fatty liver have been proposed. (medscape.com)
This study investigates the effect of stevia on serum omentin and visfatin levels as novel adipocytokines in diabetic induced rats to find potential mechanisms for the anti hyperglycemic effect of stevia. (researchgate.net)
Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms through which alimentary cues modulate metabolic, microbial and neuroendocrine circuitries and thus affect the probability of developing premalignant lesions that progress to clinically manifested disease and the response to therapeutic intervention. (nature.com)
The specific mechanisms by which GCs modulate these processes remain largely unknown, but GCs increase production of endocannabinoids-potent central and peripheral regulators of appetite, energy balance, and metabolism. (iasvn.org)
Defining mechanisms that contribute can you buy skelaxin over the counter usa to sexual dimorphism in metabolic syndrome in mice. (antiwaft.com)

Thus, preventative and therapeutic strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by metabolic diseases are significant. (biomedcentral.com)

Serum leptin, a cytokine-type peptide hormone mainly produced by adipocytes, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of steatosis. (medscape.com)
In patients with alcoholic liver disease, the serum leptin level appears to be independently correlated with the grade of steatosis. (medscape.com)
Testing chil- dren with cellulitis, serum leptin coupled with adrenal mass. (eostone.com)

PCOS is a heterogeneous disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, dysfunctional ovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology, accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
CB 1 R signaling is required for GC-mediated metabolic abnormalities. (iasvn.org)
Evidence linking depression to metabolic syndrome abnormalities indicates that depression is especially associated with its obesity-related components (for example, abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia). (biomedcentral.com)

Centrilobular localization of steatosis results from decreased energy stores caused by relative hypoxia and a shift in lipid metabolism, along with a shift in the redox reaction as a result of preferential oxidation of alcohol in the central zone. (medscape.com)
We hypothesized that a gut-brain axis integrates all of the primary physiological components known to be affected in the metabolic syndrome, that, in addition to regulating glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, food intake and body weight, it also likely controls cholesterol metabolism. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
central regulators of metabolism and adipogenesis). (iasvn.org)
Host-microbial interactions in the human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria share metabolic pathways for anti-cancer drug metabolism. (antiwaft.com)

This includes conditions such as type II diabetes, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia. (medscape.com)
Treatment with gemfibrozil, a drug that specifically reduces triglyceride levels, reversed both hypertriglyceridemia and impaired leptin transport. (clubalthea.com)
Thus, hypertriglyceridemia could explain impaired transport of leptin across the BBB in both starvation and obesity. (clubalthea.com)

They come together as a symbiotic relationship, such as obesity coupled with insulin resistance, and with these come HTN and hyperlipidemia. (nursingcenter.com)

The conclusion is that prescription of stevia in the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/d decreases the omentin level indirectly via activating insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats. (researchgate.net)
Peripheral CB 1 R blockade, in vivo depletion of macrophages or macrophage-specific knockdown of CB 1 R reverses or prevents these changes and restores normoglycemia and glucose-induced insulin secretion. (nature.com)
Obesity results from a combination of factors that occur exhibit low birth weight and glucose intolerance -- a mul- at different stages during a person's lifetime. (cdc.gov)

High leptin levels are interpreted by the brain that energy reserves are high, whereas low leptin levels indicate that energy reserves are low, in the process adapting the organism to starvation through a variety of metabolic, endocrine, neurobiochemical, and behavioral changes. (wikipedia.org)
However, many other factors appear to increase a person's predisposition to obesity, including endocrine disruptors (eg, bisphenol A [BPA]), gut microbiome, sleep/wake cycles, and environmental factors. (msdmanuals.com)
functions as an endocrine organ, producing hormones such as leptin, etc. (cityofhope.org)

Here, we have reviewed recent studies concerning the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and the effects of probiotic bacterial strains and prebiotics on the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome, such as their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects and their ability to improve glycemic control and modulate serum lipids. (biomedcentral.com)

abilities are intensified to specific maternal and environ- mental exposures that can lead to obesity (2). (cdc.gov)

The primary risk factors of NASH include obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30), insulin resistance, Type II diabetes, "central adiposity" ( Paskos & Paletas, 2009 , para. (nursingcenter.com)

The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) diagnostic criteria. (researchsquare.com)
A comprehensive definition of metabolic syndrome and its key features would facilitate research on its causes. (carakasamhitaonline.com)

Current studies suggest that manipulation of the gut microbiota could be a promising approach for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ayurveda has a vast scope in the management of metabolic syndrome. (carakasamhitaonline.com)

These findings indicate that reduced dopaminergic neuronal activity in neurons at the area of and communicating with the SCN contributes significantly to increased sympathetic tone and the development of metabolic syndrome, without effect on feeding. (biomedcentral.com)

Enhanced sympathetic tone, desyn- chronization of tissue circadian clocks, abnormal secretion of hormones, and obesity are relevant to insulin resistance during sleep disturbances. (vdocuments.mx)
Many hormones can induce insulin resistance including cortisol , [14] growth hormone , and human placental lactogen . (wikipedia.org)
These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)

High susceptibility to dietary obesity was associated with increased osteoarthritic changes in the knee and impaired musculoskeletal force generation and motor function compared with controls. (biomedcentral.com)
Dietary supplementation with complex carbohydrates is known to alter the composition of gut microbiota, and optimal implementation of the use of these so called "prebiotics" could be of great potential in prevention and possibly treatment of obesity and associated cardiometabolic and inflammatory diseases via changes in the gut microbiota. (frontiersin.org)
Obesity is a relentlessly growing public health problem [ 1 , 2 ] in modern societies due to our increasingly sedentary lifestyle and imbalanced dietary choices. (plos.org)
Short-term dietary supplementation with BO and FO improved biomarkers associated with T2D/metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
This is strongly reinforced by the fact that MetS is cured in a matter of days in a significant percentage of patients by diet, bariatric surgery, or endoluminal sleeve, all of which would decrease splanchnic oxygen demand by limiting nutrient contact with the mucosa and reducing the nutrient load due to loss of appetite or dietary restriction. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
The objectives were to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the urban population of Jamnagar and to explore the effect of dietary factors on the weight status of the people. (researchpaper.sbs)
Total calorie intake as well as composition of diet was the important dietary factor affecting weight gain. (researchpaper.sbs)
they should also be told about the importance of balancing dietary intake in order to avoid metabolic complications and to ensure healthy development. (medscape.com)

Steatosis occurs with decreased leptin action, whether due to leptin deficiency or resistance. (medscape.com)
Obesity in humans and rodents is almost always associated with a resistance to, rather than a deficiency of, leptin (5-7). (clubalthea.com)

There is a different relative importance of central and peripheral leptin interactions under different physiologic states, and variations between species. (wikipedia.org)
Physiologic doses of leptin, in the presence or absence of IL-1α and fatty acids, did not substantially alter extracellular matrix homeostasis in healthy cartilage explants. (biomedcentral.com)

Genetic and epigenetic changes, hyperandrogenaemia, and obesity aggravate IR. (biomedcentral.com)
Aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce leptin resistance and hyperleptinemia. (plos.org)

Adipocytes can regulate adaptive immunity, which is involved with various metabolic diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Since there have been many reports on the regulation of metabolic diseases through adaptive immunity ( 9 - 11 ), we focus on how adipocytes regulate adaptive immunity in this review. (frontiersin.org)
In this regard, guidance may be obtained from what is already known about STZ-induced diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
In metabolic diseases, only pharmacological interventions don't give results. (carakasamhitaonline.com)
The causes of all endogenous diseases [nija roga] can lead to metabolic diseases. (carakasamhitaonline.com)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with several degenerative diseases, including retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)

Causes of obesity are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition and behavioral, metabolic, and hormonal influences. (msdmanuals.com)

[ 1 ] Tripodi et al reported that in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a procoagulant imbalance progresses from steatosis to metabolic cirrhosis, which may be caused by an increase in factor VIII and a reduction of protein C. (medscape.com)
The condition most commonly associated with fatty liver disease is metabolic syndrome. (medscape.com)

Forty male wistar rats weighing 180-250 g were induced with diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). (researchgate.net)
Liver monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (a proinflammatory protein associated with metabolic syndrome) gene expression was also significantly elevated in peri-SCN area dopaminergic lesioned rats. (biomedcentral.com)

Leptin receptors are expressed by a variety of brain and peripheral cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Non-hypothalamic targets of leptin are referred to as peripheral targets. (wikipedia.org)
In vertebrates, the nervous system consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (wikipedia.org)
We aimed to review the literature on the effects of training intervention on peripheral leptin level in obesity during aging, in order to evaluate the independent efficacy of this method. (plos.org)
Our results show that sustained exposure to GCs produces obesity and metabolic syndrome through a peripheral endocannabinoid mechanism. (iasvn.org)
Recent evidence shows that glucocorticoids possess the ability to increase endocannabinoid signaling, which is known to regulate appetite, energy balance, and metabolic processes through both central and peripheral pathways. (iasvn.org)
It is present in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs including the kidney. (degruyter.com)

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of conditions that include insulin resistance/Type II diabetes, HTN, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. (nursingcenter.com)

Obesity is increasing rapidly on a global scale and is associated with comorbidities that require expensive medical care and limit the life span,[ 4 180 ] including increased risk of all cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Berberine also reduced cholesterol, TG, and LDL in patients with metabolic syndrome. (pcosnutrition.com)
To the best of our knowledge, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), metabolic endotoxemia and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system are essential in regulating the initiation and progression of MS through the normalization of adipogenesis and the regulation of insulin secretion, fat accumulation, energy homeostasis, and plasma cholesterol levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, mutations of melanocortin receptors are strongly correlated with human obesity( ref ) and alterations in cholesterol transport are a common occurrence in obesity and the metabolic syndrome( ref ). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

As one of the major signals of energy status, leptin levels influence appetite, satiety, and motivated behaviors oriented towards the maintenance of energy reserves (e.g., feeding, foraging behaviors). (wikipedia.org)
It has since been observed in many studies that central administration of BDNF induces appetite suppression and weight loss ( 207 , 267 , 269 , 270 ), increases locomotor activity ( 186 ), and resting metabolic rate ( 266 , 268 ). (hyperthermicwellness.com)
The 2000 paper Preliminary evidence that Ghrelin, the natural GH secretagogue (GHS)-receptor ligand, strongly stimulates GH secretion in humans was one of the first to point to actions of ghrelin going beyond simple appetite-regulating and metabolic effects. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

The leptin receptor is found on a wide range of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Leptin receptor signaling in the hippocampus enhances learning and memory. (wikipedia.org)
Resistance arises from impaired leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), defects in leptin receptor signaling, and blockades in downstream neuronal circuitries. (clubalthea.com)
Resistance is associated with impaired transporter, receptor, postreceptor, and downstream neuronal circuitry functions in animal models of obesity (9-13). (clubalthea.com)
Leptin is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by a saturable transporter (8), and impaired transport can be acquired, may precede receptor/postreceptor defects, worsens with increasing obesity, and is to some extent reversible (14-16). (clubalthea.com)
Obesity is associated with leptin resistance caused by impaired leptin transport across the BBB, defects in leptin-receptor signaling, and blockades in downstream neuronal circuitries. (clubalthea.com)

It is possible that associations of GWG with outcomes do not result from GWG itself, but rather to underlying factors that influence both weight gain and the outcomes (e.g., maternal diet composition or physical activity level). (nationalacademies.org)
Instead, it burns muscle tissue, and that worsens the metabolic issue causing weight gain. (sanesolution.com)

Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine independent associations with diet, percentage body fat, and knee osteoarthritis severity. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are being increasingly implicated and associated with younger ages and greater metabolic severity. (cassiopaea.org)

Similarly, ( D ) plasma insulin and ( E ) plasma leptin as measured by ELISA show a blunted CORT-induced increase compared with WT. (iasvn.org)

Perhaps, the strongest risk factors for the development of NASH syndrome are obesity and insulin resistance. (nursingcenter.com)
Resistance training appears to be more efficient in reducing blood leptin level than aerobic training alone. (plos.org)
Physical training, especially resistance training successfully reduces hyperleptinemia even without diet or major weight loss. (plos.org)
The Nlrp3 inflammasome has been implicated in obesity-induced insulin resistance and beta cell failure. (nature.com)
Risk factors for insulin resistance include obesity , sedentary lifestyle , family history of diabetes, various health conditions, and certain medications. (wikipedia.org)
Insulin resistance is considered a component of the metabolic syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
Obesity is associated with leptin resistance as evidenced by hyperleptinemia. (clubalthea.com)
Supporting this hypothesis is the observation that mice with impaired triglyceride synthesis are protected against development of both diet-induced obesity and obesity-induced leptin resistance (22). (clubalthea.com)
This is an advanced stage of insulin resistance , 4 which is typically caused by a diet that is too high in sugars and sugar-forming foods such as grains. (detailshere.com)
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance. (cambridge.org)
A new study finds that adipocyte SLC7A10 impairments may impact lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in patients with obesity. (medscape.com)

With reduced levels of daily physical activity and diets high in refined carbohydrate, we are seeing a rise in the rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among men globally. (bhma.org)
This theoretical concept is supported by experimental results in animals fed a high fructose diet to induce MetS. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
The term MetS, or originally Syndrome X, was proposed to foster a coherent clinical approach to management and therapeutic intervention. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
A large number of clinical studies have demonstrated that a significant percentage of patients with MetS have durable remission of comorbidities within days of bariatric surgery, calorie restriction (diet), or implantation of an endoluminal plastic sleeve that prevents nutrient contact with the proximal gastrointestinal mucosa, as discussed below. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

In this study, we examined biomechanical, neurobehavioral, inflammatory, and osteoarthritic changes in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. (biomedcentral.com)
Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either a 10% kcal fat or a 45% kcal fat diet from 9 to 54 weeks of age. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of the early growth response-1 (EGr-1) transcription factor is thought to be essential for ethanol-induced fatty liver injury in mice. (medscape.com)
A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiome alterations influence sexual dimorphism in metabolic syndrome in mice. (antiwaft.com)

This provides theoretical support for early diagnosis and prevention of metabolic syndrome in the Xinjiang Kazakh population and may provide evidence for people living in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. (researchsquare.com)
Gestational Period become focal points for obesity prevention or intervention. (cdc.gov)
Obesity is linked to in utero exposure to strategies for obesity prevention. (cdc.gov)

In our recent research, we observed that adipocytes express MHC class II molecules and co-stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, and that their expression significantly increases in response to high fat diet (HFD) challenges ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Activation of an alternate complement pathway, C3 hypocomplementemia with lysis of adipocytes induced by C3NeF, has been implicated. (medscape.com)

The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 22.04% and 5.20%, respectively. (researchpaper.sbs)

Radcliffe department of patients with new diagnosis of objective metabolic factors such as a 0. (eostone.com)
Metabolic syndrome is not an ultimate diagnosis. (carakasamhitaonline.com)
Obesity often precedes the diagnosis of asthma. (msdmanuals.com)

Is metabolic and bariatric surgery a safe and effective therapeutic option for adolescents with severe obesity? (medscape.com)

Although most infections are mild, there is risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome and adverse pregnancy outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis in both weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing joints. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the most significant risk factors is obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
however, there is currently no comprehensive explanation for why obesity increases the risk of osteoarthritis at different sites throughout the body. (biomedcentral.com)
First, at the population level, overnutrition and imbalanced diets are typically associated with other health-compromising factors that include, but are not limited to, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, decreased physical activity and exposure to environmental toxicants, all of which not only are established risk factors for cancer development but also are linked to poor education and low income. (nature.com)
Hence, many effects of nutrition on the development and progression of cancer lack 'specificity' in their association, and such alimentary cues also affect the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a prelude to arteriosclerosis and neurodegeneration ( Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
Background Some studies have shown that a high level of bilirubin is a protective factor against the metabolic syndrome (MS), while a high level of transaminase is a risk factor for the MS. However, the results are inconsistent, and there are few cohort studies. (researchsquare.com)
Links are being made between low levels of testosterone and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome among men. (bhma.org)
This group tends to develop the other criteria of metabolic syndrome and run a much greater risk of developing NASH. (nursingcenter.com)
Although a person is at risk for During gestation, risk factors for obesity include maternal obesity throughout his life, we focus on specific develop- diet, overweight, and smoking. (cdc.gov)
Because of this association, obesity is now considered an important modifiable risk factor for asthma. (msdmanuals.com)

Final y, the PEER REVIEWED cumulative effects of multiple factors contribute to eating behavior and obesity (3). (cdc.gov)
A developmen- sity from a developmental perspective combines social tal perspective recognizes the cumulative effects of factors context and biological influences with individual behav- that contribute to eating behavior and obesity, including ior (4,5). (cdc.gov)

For the last few decades, obesity has appeared as a significant public health issue globally [6] . (diabeets.com)

Ultimately, obesity results from a long-standing imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, including energy utilization for basic metabolic processes and energy expenditure from physical activity. (msdmanuals.com)

While there has been a role for the administration of synthetic testosterone, a more holistic approach, whereby patients improve their diet and limit their physical inactivity,can also lead to improved health and reverse the metabolic syndrome.The holistic approach can improve compliance, adherence and lead to lasting change. (bhma.org)
Correlation studies cannot distinguish between cause and effect relationships between whether low testosterone induces visceral fat deposition or whether a large visceral fat deposit leads to low testosterone levels. (bhma.org)
Obesity and a high fat diet poisons the Leydig cells, reducing testosterone levels. (hippevo.com)

Location of action The central location of action (effect) of the fat cell-specific hormone leptin is the hypothalamus, a part of the brain, which is a part of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
The primary effect of leptins is in the hypothalamus, a part of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Likewise, more than standard salt intake adversely affects the cardiovascular system, renal system, and central nervous system (CNS), especially the brain. (diabeets.com)
Leptin is a 16- kDa protein secreted by fat cells (1) that regulates feeding and energy expenditures by acting at sites primarily within the central nervous system (2-4). (clubalthea.com)
Decreasing the amount of the anorectic protein reaching the central nervous system should enhance the drive for seeking food. (clubalthea.com)

Pancreatic histopathology slides demonstrated that stevia extract did not induce any increase in the number of β-cells. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy13

Organisms8

Diseases59

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment67

Psychiatry and Psychology10

Phenomena and Processes67

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science3

Named Groups6

Health Care42

Geographicals11

Levels of leptin4

Hypertension14

Adiponectin4

Epidemic5

Chronic12

Adipose tissue6

T2DM3

Hepatic7

Adipokines2

Disorders9

Prevalence of obesity5

Type 2 diabet7

Polycystic ovary sy4

Diabetes and obesity4

Triglycerides10

Inflammation4

Insulin and leptin1

Effects of leptin2

Obese3

Mechanisms5

Morbidity1

Serum leptin3

Abnormalities3

Metabolism4

Hypertriglyceridemia3

Coupled with insulin resistance1

Glucose3

Endocrine3

Treatment of metabolic syndrome1

Lead to obesity1

Adiposity1

Definition of metabolic syndrome2

Management of metabolic syndrome2

Development of metabolic syndrome1

Hormones3

Dietary8

Deficiency2

Physiologic2

Aggravate2

Diseases6

Behavioral1

Fatty liver disease2

Rats2

Peripheral7

Hyperlipidemia1

Cardiovascular disease1

Cholesterol3

Appetite3

Receptor6

Weight gain2

Severity2

Plasma insulin1

Resistance11

MetS4

Mice4

Prevention3

Adipocytes3

Overweight and obesity1

Diagnosis3

Therapeutic1

Risk11

Factors2

Globally1

Energy expenditure1

Testosterone3

Nervous system5

Pancreatic1