Cellulosic biofuel. Medical search. Frequent questions

As electronic media and paper recycling gain in popularity, the reduced demand for pulp woods could provide opportunities for large amounts of woody biomass to contribute to biofuel production, the authors state. (eurekalert.org)
They also encourage long-term research efforts focused on cellulosic biomass cropping systems in order to identify best management practices that maximize productivity and environmental benefits while meeting sustainability goals. (eurekalert.org)
The new agreement seeks to develop enzymes effective at converting cellulosic biomass into sugars that can be fermented into ethanol or other fuels. (acs.org)
Although the renewable fuel standard enacted in 2007 has so far been used to boost the ethanol and advanced biofuels sectors, because the standard applies broadly to biomass-derived transportation fuel, EPA has determined that renewable electricity made out of biogas from landfills, municipal wastewater treatment and solid waste digesters, and agricultural digesters meets the 60 percent greenhouse gas reduction threshold needed to qualify as a cellulosic biofuel. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
The self-sufficient facility will convert the biomass to 25 million gallons of cellulosic ethanol and 21 megawatts of renewable electric power each year, producing all of its own steam and electricity needs and additional electricity to sell to the local power grid. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
Cellulosic biofuels are a type of renewable biofuel derived from the cellulose content of non-food biomass materials, such as agricultural residues, dedicated energy crops, and forestry residues. (exaputra.com)
The production process for cellulosic biofuels typically involves breaking down the cellulose in the biomass into simple sugars through various methods, such as enzymatic hydrolysis or thermochemical conversion. (exaputra.com)
Cellulosic biofuels have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy production by utilizing non-food biomass sources. (exaputra.com)
Unlike traditional biofuels derived from food crops, cellulosic biofuels are made from agricultural residues, dedicated energy crops, and forest biomass, offering numerous environmental and economic advantages. (exaputra.com)
Cellulosic biofuels enable the use of abundant non-food biomass sources, such as agricultural residues (e.g., corn stover, wheat straw), dedicated energy crops (e.g., switchgrass, miscanthus), and forest biomass, minimizing the competition with food production. (exaputra.com)
The conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose into biofuels allows for better energy efficiency compared to traditional biofuels, as a larger proportion of the biomass is utilized. (exaputra.com)
Cellulosic biofuels provide a valuable opportunity to utilize agricultural residues and other biomass waste streams, reducing the need for disposal and potential environmental impacts. (exaputra.com)
Ensuring a consistent supply of cellulosic biomass feedstocks at an affordable cost remains a challenge. (exaputra.com)
Biofuels, or fuels derived from biomass, are great in theory. (good.is)
Although they have considerable political momentum, cellulosic ethanol and advanced biofuels are not the best way to use biomass in order to reduce carbon emissions. (altenergystocks.com)
Novel processing strategies for hydrolysis and fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass in a single reactor offer large potential cost savings for production of biocommodities and biofuels. (researchgate.net)
Includes cellulosic biofuel within the definition of "biomass ethanol plant property" for purposes of bonus depreciation. (ontheissues.org)
A spin-off from the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Xylome is lowering the cost of making ethanol by creating new yeast strains that more efficiently convert cellulosic biomass to fuel. (universityresearchpark.org)

Second-generation cellulosic biofuels, however, come from scrubby trees, grasses, reeds and straw, need minimal water or fertilizer to grow, and don't require nearly as much farmland as food-based fuels, according to a report on environmental news site Mongabay.com. (newsdesk.org)
The Mongabay.com report asserts that cellulosic fuels could produce more energy than corn biofuel and have lower environmental impacts. (newsdesk.org)
Oil companies have never liked the federal Renewable Fuels Standard, but they have a special ire for the requirement for the use of non-corn, cellulosic ethanol that is virtually nonexistent. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
Furthermore, cellulosic biofuels can provide economic benefits by creating new markets for agricultural and forestry residues, stimulating rural development, and reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. (exaputra.com)
Cellulosic biofuels offer significant greenhouse gas emission reductions compared to fossil fuels. (exaputra.com)
Leading US advocates for advanced liquid and gasified biofuels have united to urge the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to stand behind President Trump's commitment to driving investment in the next generation of 'homegrown' fuels under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). (mnbiofuels.org)
They call on Pruitt to reverse track on 2018 goals and waiver credits that would suppress demand for cellulosic fuels. (mnbiofuels.org)
Sure, so-called 'first generation' biofuels (think corn-based ethanol) are somewhat inefficient and often suck up land that could be used for food crops, but as a whole, biofuels are a handy alternative to traditional petroleum-based fuels, right? (good.is)
Consider: the European Union has an ambitious biofuels target requiring 20 percent of liquid transport fuels to come from renewable sources by 2020. (good.is)
Advanced biofuels are liquid fuels that are generally derived from non-food-based feedstocks and yield a lifecycle reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of at least 50% compared with fossil fuels. (mass.gov)
Biofuels are substitutes for liquid petroleum fuels (such as gasoline, diesel, and heating oil) and are derived from renewable organic matter such as corn, soy, switchgrass, agricultural waste, wood, and waste vegetable oil. (mass.gov)
Overall, EPA's RFS2 program encourages greater use of renewable fuels, including advanced biofuels. (eponline.com)
More bad news about cellulosic biofuel maker Range Fuels. (gigaom.com)
Progress in commercializing advanced biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol has been slow despite federal rules mandating the use of such fuels. (technologyreview.com)
Signed into law by President Bush, the standards were meant to promote energy independence, requiring ever-increasing numerical gallon requirements for the use of ethanol and advanced biofuels in transportation fuels. (technologyreview.com)
In 2013, the U.S. Environmental Protection Administration scaled back requirements for the total volume of biofuels that must be added to transportation fuels. (technologyreview.com)

The article, "Feedstocks for Lignocellulosic Biofuels," discusses the sustainability of current and future crops that may be used to produce advanced biofuels with emerging technologies that use non-edible parts of plants. (eurekalert.org)
The article points out that biofuel feedstocks need not grow on land currently being farmed for food and animal feed. (eurekalert.org)
The diversity and geographic adaptability of crops available as potential biofuel feedstocks can be used to support ecosystem health throughout the world, the EBI researchers conclude. (eurekalert.org)
National policy supports the production of renewable energy from cellulosic feedstocks such as corn stover and switchgrass. (ccsenet.org)
In this study, the regional supply response for cellulosic biofuel from these two feedstocks is estimated for the Le Sueur Watershed in South-Central Minnesota. (ccsenet.org)
Sediment and nutrient losses from corn stover production make switchgrass more promising on environmental grounds, but the relatively high cost of production causes switchgrass to cover only a small part of crop land if farmers have unrestricted choice about how to supply cellulosic feedstocks. (ccsenet.org)
Probably the safest way to invest in cellulosic biofuels is by investing in cellulosic feedstocks. (altenergystocks.com)
The advanced biofuels of tomorrow depend on biochemical research, technological entrepreneurship, and feedstocks that are derived from waste products or can be grown without undue displacement of productive land. (mass.gov)
Cellulosic biofuels refer to gasoline substitutes made from the fibrous matter (cellulose) of feedstocks, such as switchgrass, agricultural wastes, and forest products, rather than corn. (mass.gov)

In 2012, a federal court ruled that the EPA could not require refiners to blend non-commercially available biofuels into gasoline. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
However, EPA required refiners and importers of gasoline and diesel to use or pay for credits to cover 6.6 million gallons of the nonexistent biofuels. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
These sugars are then fermented into biofuels, such as ethanol or other advanced biofuels, that can be used as alternatives to gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel. (exaputra.com)
Another provision increased the amount of biofuel that must be mixed with domestically sold gasoline. (bls.gov)
Despite EPA stating the administration fully supports biofuels, the agency points to falling gasoline demand and the E10 blend-wall as factors in its suppressing biofuel growth. (biodieselmagazine.com)

Unlike traditional biofuels, which are primarily produced from food crops like corn or sugarcane, cellulosic biofuels are made from the structural components of plant matter, such as stems, leaves, and other non-edible plant parts. (exaputra.com)
Cellulosic biofuels offer several advantages over traditional biofuels. (exaputra.com)
traditional biofuels cannot. (good.is)

The Clean Energy Biofuels Act was signed on July 28, 2008, to encourage the growth of an advanced biofuels industry, as part of the growing clean energy technology sector in Massachusetts. (mass.gov)
According to the Advanced Biofuels Association, the cellulosic biofuels producer tax credit and the accelerated depreciation allowance for cellulosic biofuel plant property are seen as key measures to the ongoing development of the domestic advanced biofuels industry. (ngtnews.com)

Thus marginal or abandoned agricultural lands may be developed specifically as biofuel feedstock plantations without competing with food and feed. (eurekalert.org)
provide an excellent overview of the potential of five C4 grasses from the Panicoideae clade (maize, Miscanthus , sorghum, sugarcane, and switchgrass) as lignocellulosic feedstock for the production of biofuels. (frontiersin.org)

As of 2008, when the Clean Energy Biofuels Act was issued, only California had committed to developing a Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which could be met by a range of possible technologies - more and better biofuels, plug-in hybrids, all-electric cars, or other innovations. (mass.gov)

When it comes to selecting the right plant source for future cellulosic biofuel production, the solution won't be one-size-fits-all, and it certainly doesn't have to involve food and feed crops. (eurekalert.org)
Syngenta and Diversa are restructuring a four-year-old R&D collaboration, shifting its focus to the development of enzymes used in the production of biofuels. (acs.org)
[ii] EPA is essentially inflating cellulosic fuel production so the numbers are more in line with their prediction of high cellulosic production. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
Cellulosic biofuel production in July, before the EPA's rule change, was just 4,156 gallons for a seven-month total of 62,187 or just 0.4 percent of the proposed 2014 requirement. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
After the EPA announced its rule change, production in August totaled 3,492,106 gallons, with all of that production coming from newly qualified natural gas biofuels . (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
The Environmental Protection Agency recently expanded the definition of what constitutes as cellulosic biofuel, which many believe is a political move that unlawfully tries to revise a statutory definition for cellulosic biofuels to artificially boost production numbers of a generally non-existent fuel and help fuel producers meet the overly ambitious 2014 targets. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
EPA is essentially inflating cellulosic fuel production so the numbers are more in line with its prediction of high cellulosic output for this year. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
While cellulosic biofuels hold great promise for sustainable energy production, their commercial-scale production has faced technological and economic challenges. (exaputra.com)
However, ongoing research and development efforts are aimed at improving the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of production processes, making cellulosic biofuels a potentially important part of the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon energy future. (exaputra.com)
This article explores the potential of cellulosic biofuels, their production methods, benefits, and challenges. (exaputra.com)
3 As such, the EPAct created RFS1 and ushered in the mass production of biofuels. (bls.gov)
To investigate the efficacy of this approach for traits relevant to lignocellulosic biofuel production, we generated synthetic hybrids by crossing engineered xylose-fermenting strains of S. cerevisiae with wild strains from various Saccharomyces species. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine whether the genus Saccharomyces contains additional untapped potential, we screened a genetically diverse collection of more than 500 wild, non-engineered Saccharomyces isolates and uncovered a wide range of capabilities for traits relevant to cellulosic biofuel production. (biomedcentral.com)
Saccharomyces ( S. ) cerevisiae is the workhorse of the incipient lignocellulosic biofuel industry [ 5 ] due to its robustness, stress-tolerance compared to bacteria and other fermenting microbes [ 6 ], and the established infrastructure for production by the sugarcane and starch ethanol industries. (biomedcentral.com)
But cellulosic biofuel production is lagging. (good.is)
A recent estimate from the U.S. Energy Information Administration projects cellulosic biofuel production to be 3.94 million gallons in 2011. (good.is)
And what about algae fuel , once thought of as the holy grail of biofuel production? (good.is)
The proposal discusses a variety of approaches for setting the 2014 standards, and includes a number of production and consumption ranges for key categories of biofuel covered by the RFS program. (biodieselmagazine.com)
This classic example of a possible dual-purpose crop can also be improved through breeding and genetic engineering of cell wall properties to further optimize biofuel production. (frontiersin.org)
If the group can figure out how the cell wall is specifically structured and expands, it will be much easier to identify the best way to take it apart for biofuel production. (aaas.org)
Next-gen biofuel company KiOR misses its production targets from its new biocrude making plant by 75 percent. (gigaom.com)
Despite a series of successful biofuel IPOs recently, and a number of biofuel IPOs in the pipeline, the production of next-gen biofuels, in any kind of volumes that would make a dent in the transportation sector, seems to be creeping, very slowly forward. (gigaom.com)
The plunge in oil prices, accelerated by a recent OPEC decision to maintain production targets, will deal a new blow to efforts to commercialize advanced biofuels such as ethanol made from woody plant waste, or diesel made from plant oils. (technologyreview.com)
The bill also expands the definition of qualified cellulosic biofuel production to include algae-based fuel. (ngtnews.com)
She also worked on Energy Corn, which focused on developing maize as a platform for cellulosic biofuel production. (anl.gov)

Japan Airlines said it is committed to finding a viable second- generation biofuel source that derives from cellulose - a woody type of plant matter - rather than from food crops. (newsdesk.org)
Cellulose also is a base for cellulosic ethanol, a leading biofuel. (aaas.org)

It makes no sense that when everyone's been working so hard to meet the numbers, that they're going to strike a deadly blow to the industry," said "Bio" Joe Renwick, founder of Winnsboro, S.C.-based Midlands Biofuels, a small producer scaled at 200,000 gallons a year. (biodieselmagazine.com)
Cellulosic biofuels producer tax credit. (ngtnews.com)

Approximately 100 companies in the United States are working towards developing algae-based biofuels, and for good reason-algae can generate up to 300 times more oil per acre than conventional crops, it has a quick harvest cycle (as little as one day), and it can flourish in everything from seawater to wastewater. (good.is)

WASHINGTON, Sept. 19, 2014 - Even with worries about stability and predictability in the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) rule, several biofuel companies banded together this week to share the news of the steps they've taken to make cellulosic biofuel a reality in the U.S. and Brazil. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
The American Petroleum Institute, which represents the largest oil companies, filed a lawsuit with the D.C. Circuit Court late Tuesday challenging the Environmental Protection Agency's mandated use of cellulosic biofuels in the 2011 Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
On January 17, 2017, EPA sent a letter to the American Petrochemical and Fuel Manufacturers ("AFPM") denying its petition for a partial supplemental waiver of the 2016 cellulosic biofuel standard established under the Renewable Fuel Standard. (epa.gov)

We study food crops (primarily corn, soybean, and wheat) as well as cellulosic biofuel crops (including switchgrass, miscanthus, and restored prairie), and consider both conventional and alternative management strategies, including reduced input and organic. (msu.edu)

The huge amounts of stems and stripped cobs (stover) of the corn plants have potential as cellulosic fuel sources. (eurekalert.org)
In reality, EPA is re-categorizing an existing type of fuel to be cellulosic biofuel. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
Despite the court's ruling, for 2014, EPA is requiring refiners to blend 17 million gallons of cellulosic biofuel into the fuel supply, considerably higher than last year's requirement of 810,000 gallons. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
[v] Thus, due to the definition change, for the first 8 months of 2014, refiners have blended 3,554,293 "cellulosic" gallons into the fuel supply- about 21 percent of EPA's proposed requirement for 2014. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
Grist Magazine quotes two agriculturally savvy sources - the U.S. Department of Agriculture and chairman of the House Agricultural Committee - as saying real-time cellulosic fuel supplies are still years off and may not "ever get off the ground," because the energy yields are too low to be competitive. (newsdesk.org)
Cellulosic waste can also be used for drop-in biofuels, or biofuels that can be implemented within today's fuel distribution infrastructure. (good.is)
According to a report from Berkeley's Energy Biofuel Institute, the algae fuel development process could take up to a decade. (good.is)
But the next time you come across a biofuel start-up touting its product as the Fuel That Will Change the World, just remember: It won't happen tomorrow. (good.is)
The Department of Energy Resources (DOER) has announced a suspension of the formal requirements of the Advanced Biofuels Mandate for heating oil and transportation diesel fuel and instead will establish a voluntary program. (mass.gov)
In nation-leading provisions, this law gives preferential tax treatment to non-corn-based alternatives to ethanol, requires biofuel content in all the diesel and home-heating fuel sold in the state, and proposes a new fuel standard for the region that will encourage a range of emissions-reducing technologies for cars and trucks. (mass.gov)
Requires a minimum percentage of advanced biofuel as a component of all diesel fuel and home-heating fuel sold in the Commonwealth , starting at 2% in 2010 and ramping up to 5% by 2013. (mass.gov)

This research demonstrates that hybridization is a viable method to combine industrially relevant traits from diverse yeast species and that members of the genus Saccharomyces beyond S. cerevisiae may offer advantageous genes and traits of interest to the lignocellulosic biofuel industry. (biomedcentral.com)

Miscanthus' ability to grow on marginal land and in relatively cold weather conditions, its rapid CO2 absorption, its significant carbon sequestration, and its high yield make it a favorite choice as a biofuel. (wikipedia.org)

The agency proposes advanced biofuel volumes at 2.2 billion ethanol-equivalent gallons, down from 2013's RVO of 2.75 billion and down significantly from the 2014 statutory requirement of 3.75 billion gallons. (biodieselmagazine.com)

Thus, EPA is punishing refiners for the failure of producers to make enough cellulosic biofuel to meet EPA's mandate. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)

Writing in the International Herald Tribune, critic Eric Holt-Gimenez noted additional environmental impacts of farmed biofuels, including loss of biodiversity, and increased carbon dioxide emissions when trees are cut or burned to make way for new plantations. (newsdesk.org)

just this week, CoolPlanet Biofuels, a startup that turns cellulosic waste into biofuel, got $8 million in funding. (good.is)
Cellulosic ethanol startup Enerkem needs trash and money. (gigaom.com)
Remember cellulosic ethanol startup Verenium? (gigaom.com)

All biofuels must meet at least a 50% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions over their entire lifecycles (growing, processing, and combustion) in order to qualify for the content mandate. (mass.gov)

EPA's unattainable and absurd mandate forces refiners to pay a penalty for failing to use biofuels that don't even exist," said API Director of Downstream and Industry Operations Bob Greco. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)

Cellulosic biofuels, made from crop residue or grasses, have been slower to develop than originally hoped and for the last two years the EPA has acknowledged that federal targets for the noncorn ethanol have not been met. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
Cellulosic ethanol, which is produced from wood, grasses, and the non-edible parts of plants, is more promising-since it is produced from non-food and waste products, it doesn't use up large swaths of arable land like first generation biofuels. (good.is)

So, now EPA has decided to change the definition of what constitutes cellulosic biofuels so that it can still require larger numbers than are feasible. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
The new definition allows an energy product that is 75 percent cellulosic to count as if it is 100 percent cellulosic . (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
The EPA has expanded the definition , called a pathway, of cellulosic and advanced biofuels to include liquefied and compressed natural gas produced from biogas and landfills. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)

Leaders of the American Biogas Council, Advanced Biofuels Business Council, Biotechnology Innovation Organisation , and Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas have co-signed a letter to EPA administrator Scott Pruitt. (mnbiofuels.org)
In the close of the letter, the representatives of the US biofuel and biogas industries note: "The RFS is a proven tool for promoting growth. (mnbiofuels.org)

Microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeast, convert the fermentable sugars into biofuels, such as ethanol or other advanced biofuels. (exaputra.com)

According to the Advanced Biofuels Association , the committee's decision to include these provisions is a major victory for the biofuels industry. (ngtnews.com)

[iii] Mandating more cellulosic biofuels than are commercially available forces refiners to buy millions of dollars of compliance credits (called Renewable Identification Numbers or RINs) to pay for not using the cellulosic biofuels that they cannot buy. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)

Physorg.com reported the cost of a cellulosic refinery as $1.55 billion, compared to $62 million for a regular biofuel refinery. (newsdesk.org)
Brazilian company GranBio is commissioning a 2 million gallon cellulosic plant in Brazil that will use sugar cane straw. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
Cellulosic biofuel renewable volume obligation (RVO) is proposed at a mere 17 million ethanol-equivalent gallons. (biodieselmagazine.com)
The EPA has awarded $2.38 million under the Small Business Innovative Research program, including four awards (under the biofuels and vehicle emissions category) for R&D firms working on tech related to biofuels. (gigaom.com)

The argument essentially boils down to whether or not biofuels are inherently carbon. (greencarcongress.com)

Earlier this month, POET-DSM Advanced Biofuels opened the first commercial cellulosic ethanol plant in the nation, Project LIBERTY near Emmetsburg, Iowa. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
Steve Hartig, general manager of licensing for Poet-DSM, calls this an "exciting time in the cellulosic biofuels industry. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
Earlier this year a few large-scale cellulosic ethanol plants, including ones operated by Poet-DSM , DuPont , and Abengoa , became operational. (technologyreview.com)

That means airlines will increasingly lean on drop-in biofuels as oil prices rise in the coming years. (good.is)

The whole question of farm subsidies, and how they have lately spurred a giant biofuels industry -- one that could be set up in a way that makes sense . (blogspot.com)
Today's Senate Finance Committee action is a victory for the biofuels industry, and one we have been working toward for quite some time,' said Michael McAdams, president of the Advanced Biofuels Association. (ngtnews.com)

The trouble with the approach in 2007, which is still a problem today, is that a technology to produce cellulosic biofuel economically does not exist to the extent that the legislation requires. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
We are asking the Obama administration to finalize this year's rule and keep it on course for the future," Erickson says, 'by setting the annual standards according to our industry's ability to produce biofuel, not the oil refining industry's willingness to make room in the market for us. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
These cutting-edge projects are being developed in many of the same rural areas that produce clean, American-made biofuels today. (mnbiofuels.org)

Liquid transportation biofuels will be an important component of this new bioeconomy, and cellulosic bioethanol provides an attractive renewable energy source that is nearly CO 2 -neutral and compatible with much of the current distribution infrastructure [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Congress and President Bush determined that the United States should be producing specified amounts of cellulosic biofuel as part of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)

If the mandates are repealed, says Tyner, "then cellulosic biofuels and biodiesel would cease to exist. (technologyreview.com)

How EPA intends to ensure that the qualified biofuels producing electricity are powering electric vehicles, and not the coal, natural gas, or nuclear energy that are also generating electricity, is clearly a question in determining what qualifies under this new pathway. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)

So, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has lowered the requirement for cellulosic biofuel every year. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)

I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
The demonstration flight will be the first of its kind in Asia, according to the business news outlet Cleantech.com, and follows the lead of Virgin Atlantic, which successfully completed the world's first biofuel-powered flight earlier this year. (newsdesk.org)

The Clean Air Act requires EPA to determine the mandated volume of cellulosic biofuels each year at "the projected volume available. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms17

Chemicals and Drugs24

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Health Care8

Biomass18

Fuels16

Feedstocks9

Gasoline5

Traditional biofuels3

Advanced biofuels industry2

Feedstock2

Plug-in hybr1

Production25

Cellulose2

Producer2

Algae-based1

Renewable Fuel Sta3

Switchgrass1

Fuel11

Lignocellulosic1

Miscanthus1

Billion gallons1

Producers1

Plantations1

Startup3

Greenhouse1

Mandate1

Grasses2

Definition3

Biogas2

Sugars1

Provisions1

Refiners1

Million4

Carbon1

Poet-DSM3

Increasingly1

Industry2

Produce3

Liquid1

Amounts1

Biodiesel1

Electricity1

Environmental Protec1

News2

Volume1