• Hox genes encode crucial developmental regulators that specify segmental identities along the Antero-Posterior (A-P) body axis in the developing embryo of bilaterian species. (biorxiv.org)
  • In D. melanogaster , the eight Hox genes are organized in two separate clusters on chromosome 3R: the Antennapedia cluster (ANT-C) and the Bithorax cluster (BX-C). The 350 kb BX-C contains the Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B genes, which specify the identity of the more posterior embryonic parasegments 5 to 14 (PS5 to PS14). (biorxiv.org)
  • GoMiner displays the genes within the framework of the Gene Ontology hierarchy, both as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and as the equivalent tree structure. (scienceopen.com)
  • We hypothesized that a high fat diet in non-human primates would induce changes in hepatic chromatin structure resulting in altered expression of fetal genes critical to the development of childhood and adult obesity. (nih.gov)
  • In stem cells, open chromatin participating in the most significant regression models demonstrated an enrichment for developmental genes and the TAD-forming CTCF binding complex, providing an opportunity for statistical inference of shifting TAD boundaries operating during early development. (elifesciences.org)
  • in contrast to simple family structures reported for a variety of angiosperm nsltp genes, the putative pine nsltp gene is a member of a complex family. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Genetic analysis of early development in the Drosophila embryo has revealed that embryonic pattern formation depends on both maternal and zygotic genes. (silverchair.com)
  • We also discuss how understanding developmental processes of innate circuit formation may inform behavioral alterations observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, which are characterized by limbic system dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)
  • Inspired by the work of evo-devo biologists, evo-devo complexity theorists look for processes of evolutionary creativity and developmental constraint in any autopoetic complex systems, at any scale. (evodevouniverse.com)
  • The mammary gland is an ideal tissue in which to study a range of developmental processes, as discussed below. (biologists.com)
  • Initially documented by Papez (1937) and elaborated by MacLean (1949) , social cognition occurs through a complex neural network of interconnected structures, which includes areas in the ventromedial aspect of the temporal and frontal lobes, and their connections with the hypothalamus and brainstem. (frontiersin.org)
  • This neural network, dubbed the "limbic system" is centered around the amygdala, a small almond shaped structure located deep within the temporal lobe. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mona is a goal-seeking neural network that learns hierarchies of cause and effect contexts. (portegys.com)
  • We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • The development of new tools and culture techniques has also enabled the factors that influence branching morphogenesis in the embryonic and pubertal gland to be identified. (biologists.com)
  • Current Topics in Developmental Biology. (wustl.edu)
  • The concept of the cellular niche represents one of the central paradigms in stem cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twenty years following Schofield's seminal publication, Xie and Spradling provided compelling experimental evidence that a cellular niche supports the maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs) in the Drosophila adult ovary [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Drosophila females have two ovaries typically comprised of 16 to 21 tube-like structures called ovarioles [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These innate behaviors include courtship, maternal care, defense (both to conspecific and predator cues) and establishment of social hierarchy, all of which ensure survival of the individual or offspring and propagation of the species. (frontiersin.org)
  • the gene encoding the monolignol biosynthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad, e.c. 1.1.1.195) can be expressed in response to different developmental and environmental cues. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • To dissect functional hierarchies, we compared chromatin organization in larvae and in cell lines, with a focus on the Abd-B gene. (biorxiv.org)
  • We have developed, and present here, the program package GoMiner as a freely available computer resource that fully incorporates the hierarchical structure of the Gene Ontology to automate the functional categorization of gene lists of any length. (scienceopen.com)
  • While the basic neuroanatomy of these connections is well-established, much remains unknown about how information is processed within innate circuits and how genetic hierarchies regulate development and function of these circuits. (frontiersin.org)
  • It provides unique identifiers, names and synonyms, list of complex members with their unique identifiers (UniProt, ChEBI, RNAcentral), function, binding and stoichiometry annotations, descriptions of their topology, assembly structure, ligands and associated diseases as well as cross-references to the same complex in other databases (e.g. (stanford.edu)
  • We establish the extent and structure of genotype-by-epigenotype interaction using embryonic stem cells derived from Diversity Outbred mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Stem cells are essential for tissue homeostasis, particularly in organs that exhibit high rates of cellular turnover such as the skin, intestine and hematopoietic system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, cells within tumors often exhibit a hierarchy of malignant potential, giving rise to the notion that small populations of cancer stem cells may be responsible for propagating certain cancers [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we undertake a genome-scale analysis of these interactions in a genetically diverse population to systematically identify global genetic-epigenetic interaction, and reveal constraints imposed by chromatin structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • These findings provide evidence that genetic and epigenetic factors operate within the context of three-dimensional chromatin structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • Local regulatory mechanisms within the genome and their interaction with chromatin structure give rise to subtle variations in gene expression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Visualization with characterized intrinsic markers revealed that visceral sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons arise from different anatomic locations, project in close association via the gut mesentery, and form distinctive innervation patterns within the gut from embryonic day (E)10.5 to E16.5. (jneurosci.org)
  • Gene expression is known to be affected by interactions between local genetic variation and DNA accessibility, with the latter organized into three-dimensional chromatin structures. (elifesciences.org)
  • We show that stable 3D genome structure is an effective tool to guide searches for regulatory elements and, conversely, that regulatory elements in genetically diverse populations provide a means to infer 3D genome structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • These are the ' zinc-binding cellular acid ' sugar and the ' genome resulting ' history. (evakoch.com)
  • In particular, epithelial cell polarity is critical for the development, remodeling, and maintenance of epithelial structure. (rupress.org)
  • Here, we mapped extrinsic innervation of the gut and explored the relationships among various types of extrinsic axons during embryonic development in mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, with characterized intrinsic markers targeting vagal sensory, spinal sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons, respectively, we comprehensively traced the spatiotemporal development of extrinsic axons to the gut during embryonic development in mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus, the first events of embryonic development along the D/V axis are controlled at the transcriptional level. (silverchair.com)
  • Mammary gland development occurs through distinctive stages throughout embryonic and pubertal development and reproductive life. (biologists.com)
  • There are three main stages of mammary gland development both in rodents and humans: embryonic, pubertal and adult. (biologists.com)
  • Predicted secondary structures of ZNF226 demonstrate a variable number of alpha helices, beta-stranded bridges, and random coils throughout the protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, batch processing has been introduced [2], but with a flat-format output that does not communicate the richness of GO's hierarchical structure. (scienceopen.com)
  • In Somite-derived download энергия and website structures in knack data consist a analysis of Klhl31 in hierarchical tissue. (need4speed.com)
  • However, there are other benefits that are provided by lactation, such as the provision of immune factors that are secreted into the milk, which provide protection from infection, and also the close contact that occurs between mother and infant during nursing, which might have developmental benefits (Peaker et al. (biologists.com)
  • Hierarchy Theory Evolving organisms and ecosystems deploy into a scalar sequence and arrangement. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • The likelihood of interaction was most strongly defined by the three-dimensional (3D) domain structure rather than linear DNA sequence. (elifesciences.org)
  • Activation of circuits regulating these innate behaviors begins in the periphery with sensory stimulation (primarily via the olfactory system in rodents), and is then processed in the brain by a set of delineated structures that primarily includes the amygdala and hypothalamus. (frontiersin.org)
  • As the scientific community accepted emotions such as fear, anxiety, reward, and attraction as a result of neural wiring in humans, other species including rodents were gradually accepted as possessing similar circuits and, therefore, similar emotions (see Figure 1 for comparison of human and rodent limbic system structures). (frontiersin.org)
  • The insect head placode is shares common embryonic origin with the vertebrate adenohypophyseal placode. (bvsalud.org)
  • The updated version of the hypothesis of Sanides provides explanation for the emergence of cortical hierarchies in mammals and will guide future research in the phylogenetic origin of neocortical areas. (springer.com)
  • The selenocysteine tRNA activating factor plays a role in embryonic stem cell regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Developmental cell. (wustl.edu)
  • These structures maintain apical Baz, accumulate apical Crumbs, and organize polarized cytoskeletons, but display abnormal cell morphology and fail to segregate the basolateral cue Discs large from the apical domain. (rupress.org)
  • The lung is a complex, precisely structured organ in which the vascular network is intimately associated with epithelial-lined tubes and sacs for the prime purpose of gas exchange. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular Automata A computational process based on simple, algorithmic rules which self-assemble into an emergent order. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • These two types of epithelium form a bi-layered structure of simple epithelium that is embedded within the fatty stroma. (biologists.com)
  • Adherens junctions (AJs) play key roles in establishing and maintaining epithelial structure ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • The structure of the tree is such that the search time is proportional to the distance between the test pattern and its nearest neighbor, which suggests the anomalous possibility that a larger tree, which can be expected on average to contain closer neighbors, can be searched faster than a smaller tree. (portegys.com)
  • Chromosomes are structured such that domains with a similar chromatin signature cluster spatially, a phenomenon first appreciated by traditional microscopy studies. (biomedcentral.com)