Cellular receptors virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 homolog, HAVcr-1, Kidney injury molecule 1, KIM-1, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1, TIMD-1, T cell membrane protein 1, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 1, TIM-1. (prospecbio.com)
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) is a membrane receptor for both human hepatitis A virus (HHAV) and TIMD4. (prospecbio.com)

To study the adsorption, penetration and replication of the virus, a major obstacle has been the lack of an efficient and reproducible in vitro infection system. (biomedcentral.com)
Recognition of the genome of a virus initiates a signaling cascade that results in the expression of several hundreds of genes that are capable of blocking various stages of viral replication. (pasteur.fr)
Two of these protein receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, had previously been identified as playing a key role in the innate response against the replication of flaviviruses, a family of mosquito-borne viruses that includes dengue, yellow fever and Zika. (pasteur.fr)
To counter this replication, human cells express cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptors, which serve as the first line of defense against viral infections. (pasteur.fr)
This RNA is approximately 7.5 kilobase (kb) long and contains an RNA replicase, viral-coded proteases, a single polyprotein that is responsible for forming structural polypeptides, and other proteins necessary for cellular replication. (medscape.com)
The virus traverses the intestinal epithelium, probably undergoing replication in the process but without causing any cellular effects, and reaches the Peyer patches in the lamina propria mucosae. (medscape.com)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
We have recently shown that the replication of rhinovirus, poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus requires the co-translational N-myristoylation of viral proteins by human host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs), and is inhibited by treatment with IMP-1088, an ultrapotent small molecule NMT inhibitor. (cdc.gov)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) enable innate immune cells, such as macrophages, to recognize a wide variety of microbial ligands, thereby promoting inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the major pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system that sense a wide range of "danger" signals or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) ( 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Viral RNA or DNA or viral intermediate products are recognized by receptors like toll-like receptors(TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) thereby, inducing type I interferon response (IFN) and other proinflammatory cytokines in infected cells or other immune cells. (amrita.edu)
Immune cells in our bodies use toll-like receptors (TLRs) to recognize bits and pieces of invading pathogens. (acs.org)

Because FCoV spike protein plays critical roles in receptor binding (S1) and fusion (S2), we focused on structural changes in this protein and potential role in altered cellular tropism. (cdc.gov)
The coronavirus spike protein is a class I fusion protein, which typically requires activation by cellular proteases. (cdc.gov)
Durch Verwendung rekombinanter Viren konnte ich zeigen, dass der einzelne Aminosäureaustausch im Hämagglutinin (H) Protein an Position 481 Asn/Tyr (H481NY) determiniert, ob das Virus CD46 verwendet. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
This response is activated when RIG-I-like protein receptors (also known as RLRs) recognize viral genomes. (pasteur.fr)
The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
A team of researchers has identified a cellular protein that acts as a receptor for Ebola virus and Marburg virus. (biologynews.net)
Furthermore, the team showed that an antibody, which binds to the receptor protein, is able to block infection by both viruses. (biologynews.net)
The researchers used a new bioinformatics-based approach, developed by John Chiorini at NIDCR, to identify a protein called TIM-1 as a receptor for Ebola and Marburg viruses. (biologynews.net)
Finally, work performed by Robert Davey, Ph.D., in a BSL-4 lab (the highest level of biocontainment) at University of Texas Medical Branch verified that the ARD5 antibody blocks infection by infectious Zaire Ebola Virus in cells that express the TIM-1 protein. (biologynews.net)
CD21, also known as complement receptor 2 (CR2), is a 145 kDa transmembrane protein that contains 15 tandem SCR/SUSHI repeats. (rndsystems.com)
At least 2 cellular receptors for EV have been identified: a subunit of the integrin molecule VLA-2 that binds types 1 and 8, and a complement regulatory protein (ie, a decay accelerating factor) that binds types 6, 7, 12, and 21. (medscape.com)

In addition to acute viral encephalitis, other less established and more unusual manifestations of viral infections include progressive neurologic disorders, such as postinfectious encephalomyelitis (such as may occur after measles or Nipah virus encephalitis) and conditions such as postpoliomyelitis syndrome, which has been considered by some to be as a persistent manifestation of poliovirus infection. (medscape.com)
An unusual CNS involvement leading to microcephaly due to infection of pregnant women by Zika virus has also been recently reported and highlights the constant need to look for new types of neurological manifestations of viral infections in humans. (medscape.com)
CAR mediates infection by binding to CVB3 and catalyzing conformational changes in the virus that result in formation of the altered, noninfectious A-particle. (rcsb.org)
By investigating two of these receptors during infection by dengue and Zika viruses, scientists from the Institut Pasteur discovered that a precise region of the viral genome was recognized by a receptor known as RIG-I. Their discovery paves the way for the future development of vaccines for these diseases. (pasteur.fr)
conformational changes, energy-driven molecular motors, and receptor-triggered infection machines. (mdpi.com)
To honor Michael, we invite submissions for this Special Issue of Viruses focusing on Michael's interests: virus structures and assembly mechanisms, conformational transitions and structure-function relationships, and genome packaging and virus infection mechanisms. (mdpi.com)
Infection in Red Foxes Fed Infected Bird Carcasses," the authors discuss that eating infected wild birds may put wild carnivores at risk for infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
So to determine whether foxes were susceptible to infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, the investigators infected three foxes intratracheally. (cdc.gov)
Experimental infection studies show that raccoons infected with avian and human influenza A viruses could shed and transmit the virus to virus-free animals and then they would seroconvert. (cdc.gov)
That's important because if you can identify and understand the first step in infection - how the virus enters cells - then perhaps you can prevent the infection by nipping it in the bud. (biologynews.net)
We are currently using mouse models of infection (herpes simplex virus) and autoimmunity (vitiligo) to study the interstitial migration, differentiation, persistence and response of memory T cells within the skin. (massgeneral.org)
This publication shows that some immune receptors that detect the presence of viral RNA are also activated by RNA produced by our cells, potentially enabling cells to react more quickly to infection. (pasteur.fr)
The RNA molecules bind to these receptors, triggering defense mechanisms in the innate immune system to tackle the infection. (pasteur.fr)
In this study, the scientists studied the immune responses induced by infection with the dengue and measles viruses, which cause acute infections, and also the HIV virus, which causes chronic infection. (pasteur.fr)
The scientists hypothesize that by recognizing endogenous RNA, the cell is able to keep one step ahead of the infection and induce immunity before the virus has replicated enough to be detected directly. (pasteur.fr)
The results of the study also show that endogenous RNAs are always present in cells but that they do not normally bind to RIG-I receptors and are only detected after the onset of a viral infection. (pasteur.fr)
But how do these RNAs manage to signal infection so quickly if the virus has not been detected by receptors? (pasteur.fr)
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has been recognized as a pan-echovirus receptor expressed on intestinal enterocytes (primary site of infection) and liver hepatocytes and microvascular endothelial cells lining the blood-brain barrier (secondary sites of infection). (medscape.com)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening viral infection caused by a previously unrecognized virus from the Coronaviridae family, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (medscape.com)
et 20 témoins en bonne santé ne présentant pas d'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C. Une réduction importante de la fréquence des cellules tueuses naturelles totales dans le groupe des patients porteurs d'une infection chronique a été observée par rapport au groupe des témoins ( P = 0,001) ou au groupe des patients dont l'infection a connu une résolution spontanée ( P = 0,01). (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)
It was found previously that EKC-causing Ads use sialic acid as a cellular receptor and demonstrated that soluble, sialic acid-containing molecules can prevent infection. (lu.se)
In most cases, Zika virus infection causes a mild, self-limited illness. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Owing to the mild nature of the disease, more than 80% of Zika virus infection cases likely go unnoticed. (medscape.com)
In April 2016, a deputy director at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warned that the risk of Zika virus infection in the United States may have been previously underestimated, citing the increased range of the mosquito vectors (now in 30 US states, up from 12 as previously thought) and the travel risks associated with the 2016 Olympics in Brazil. (medscape.com)
Zika virus infection is among the nationally notifiable diseases in the United States. (medscape.com)
State and local health departments should be informed by healthcare professionals of suspected cases of Zika virus infection to facilitate diagnosis and to reduce the risk of local transmission. (medscape.com)
The global prevalence of Zika virus infection has not been widely reported owing to asymptomatic clinical course, clinical resemblance to other infection with other flaviviruses (dengue, chikungunya), and difficulty in confirming diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Here, we examine the importance of N-myristoylation during vaccinia virus (VACV) infection in primate cells and demonstrate the anti-poxviral effects of IMP-1088. (cdc.gov)
The number of cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among young adolescents had been increasing over the years. (medscape.com)

To gain access to the cell interior, a virus must first bind to one or more specific receptor molecules on the cell surface. (virology.ws)
with unique features: they are the only viruses that have diploid genome, i.e., two identical molecules of RNA. (futurelearn.com)
In the envelope, peplomers or molecules protrude, which are recognized by cellular receptors. (futurelearn.com)
It was previously believed that these receptors were only sensitive to viral RNA, but this new study shows that cells are capable of producing endogenous RNA molecules that are also able to activate the receptors. (pasteur.fr)
Both heart cells and lung cells are covered with surface proteins known as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - these molecules serve as "doorways" for the virus to enter cells. (sott.net)
When tissues in the body are damaged - either by an invading virus such as SARS-CoV-2 or by other means, the body's natural healing response involves releasing inflammatory molecules, such as small proteins called cytokines , into the bloodstream. (sott.net)

Since the genomic sequence of HCV was determined, progress has been made towards understanding the functions of the HCV-encoded proteins and identifying the cellular receptor(s) responsible for adsorption and penetration of the virus particle into the target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Scavenger receptors are cell membrane proteins that bind chemically modified lipoproteins, such as acetylated and oxidized LDLs. (biomedcentral.com)
I used a retroviral gene bank as a source for human splenic mRNAs and proteins, which made it pos-sible to screen with antibodies and to screen for receptor positiv cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The immense majority of virus need the cell to be active and multiplying, so that the enzymes and components that form new nucleic acids and proteins are available. (futurelearn.com)
Cell receptors recognize certain sequences of the envelope proteins. (futurelearn.com)
Seneca Valley Virus capsid proteins are shown in blue, green, and red, and the ANTXR1 receptor is shown in magenta. (oist.jp)
The activity of the receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. (globaldata.com)
when the virus latches onto ACE2 proteins, these proteins get knocked out of commission, possibly reducing the anti-inflammatory protection that they give. (sott.net)
It's really hard to tease out whether having more ACE2 is helpful or harmful, as these proteins are how the virus enters the cells, but also known to protect the cells against injury , Michos said. (sott.net)
Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

They represent the first line of defense against pathogens in the lower airspace and recognize microbial ligands via pattern recognition receptors ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Innate immunity gets activated when the host cell utilizes a diverse set of receptors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to recognize the viruses that have penetrated the host and respond with cellular processes like complement system, phagocytosis, cytokine release and inflammation and destruction of NK cells. (amrita.edu)

The structure shows how the virus binds to its cellular receptor, the Anthrax toxin receptor. (oist.jp)
However, most inoculum is swallowed and reaches the lower GI tract, where the virus presumably binds to specific receptors on enterocytes. (medscape.com)

Ebola and Marburg viruses cause hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates. (biologynews.net)
But public health officials around the world are warning that the casualty numbers could be much higher if the virus becomes more easily transmittable between humans. (sourcewatch.org)
Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. (cdc.gov)
This paper was prepared in response to the need for clear communication regarding the risk of transmission of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 in humans and the general societal concern of potential contamination of aquatic animals used as food or their products with the virus. (who.int)

Seneca Valley Virus stands out as a potential virotherapy for one key reason: it selectively targets a receptor found coating tumor cells in over 60 percent of human cancers. (oist.jp)
This could be immune cells trying to find their way to invading bacteria and viruses or cancer cells migrating out of a tumor. (lu.se)

The study, which was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, reveals how the virus can recognize its target and leave normal tissue alone. (oist.jp)

A cryo-EM map of the receptor decorated capsid in which a single protomer was replaced with the atomic model. (oist.jp)
The canyon, together with the pentamer apex, is used as the site for capsid binding to cellular receptors. (cdc.gov)

CusabioProtein Description: Extracellular DomainAlternative Name (s) : CD137;ILA;TNFRSF9;4-1BB ligand receptor;CDw137;T-cell antigen. (joplink.net)

Cellular receptors that bind the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. (harvard.edu)
Seneca Valley Virus doesn't bind with the similar receptor on healthy cells -- it only shows strong affinity for ANTXR1. (oist.jp)
The differences between the two receptors are subtle, but nonetheless, these subtle differences make one bind the virus with high affinity while the other doesn't," said Wolf. (oist.jp)
To penetrate a cell, the spikes that stud an influenza virus have to be able to bind to the cellular surface. (sourcewatch.org)
Scientists generally believed that the receptors start out as monomers and dimerize only after they bind a pathogen molecule. (acs.org)

Provocative studies have found high antibody seroprevalence to viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Lyssa viruses in multiple African countries, indicating the presence of a high number of undiagnosed cases every year, including high neutralizing titers of antibodies to rabies virus in 11% of a small cohort of asymptomatic Peruvians living in the Amazon with prior exposure to bats. (medscape.com)
Co-receptor Binding Site Antibodies Enable CD4-Mimetics to Expose Conserved Anti-cluster A ADCC Epitopes on HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins. (harvard.edu)
Mapping geographical areas at risk for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) by analysing bulk tank milk from Swedish dairy cattle herds for the presence of TBE virus-specific antibodies [Article]. (sva.se)
The authors found antibodies to a variety of influenza subtypes, like H10N7, H4N6, H4N2, H3, and H1 viruses, these with wide geographic variation in seroprevalence. (cdc.gov)
A further collaboration with Paul Rennert, Ph.D., at Biogen Idec, a biotech company based in Cambridge, Mass., provided the team with antibodies targeted to TIM-1 and the team found that one of these antibodies, ARD5, very effectively blocks Ebola and Marburg virus entry into cells. (biologynews.net)
Antibodies, the complement system, and the cellular receptors regulating signaling, such as Fc receptors and integrins, are natural components to study. (lu.se)

Harding, C., Heuser, J. & Stahl, P. Endocytosis and intracellular processing of transferrin and colloidal gold-transferrin in rat reticulocytes: demonstration of a pathway for receptor shedding. (nature.com)

In this study, multivalent sialic acid constructs based on 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PDA) have been synthesized, and these constructs are shown to be efficient inhibitors of Ad binding (IC50 = 0.9 mu M) and Ad infectivity (IC50 = 0.7 mu M). The mechanism of action is to aggregate virus particles and thereby prevent them from binding to ocular cells. (lu.se)

Several cellular receptors for HCV have been proposed, all of which are associated with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

For the first time, scientists reveal how a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy interacts with receptors on tumors. (oist.jp)
Now, scientists at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) and the University of Otago have described exactly how the virus interacts with tumors -- and why it leaves healthy tissues alone. (oist.jp)
They predict their results will help scientists develop the virus, and other viral drug candidates, for clinical use. (oist.jp)
As reported in the March 23, 2006, issue of Nature , a team of scientists in the US and Japan , "led by [Virologist] Professor Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, found that avian influenza viruses and human influenza viruses home in on slightly different receptors. (sourcewatch.org)
They pointed out that sequencing of the genome of the 1918 Spanish 'flu epidemic' was nearly complete, opening the door to unscrupulous scientists to build an even more potent virus," Reuters reported in July 2003. (sourcewatch.org)
A simpler version of the lab theory holds that covid-19 leaked from a laboratory in Wuhan where Chinese scientists were researching viruses. (stockhouse.com)

It is known that the innate immune response is based on the recognition of viral genomes by cellular receptors. (pasteur.fr)
If you give a virus as a vaccine, you want an immune response -- there, the goal is the destruction of the virus," said Wolf. (oist.jp)
CD4 is a co-receptor in the cellular immune response. (rcsb.org)
The detailed mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, but it seems that the presence of the virus interferes in certain cellular biochemical pathways that determine the immunogenicity of endogenous RNAs, in other words their ability to trigger an immune response. (pasteur.fr)
This research offers new keys to understanding RNA virus infections and the innate immune response to them. (pasteur.fr)
ABSTRACT Natural kil er (NK) cel s are key players in the immune response to viruses. (who.int)

Measles virus (MV) interacts with cellular receptors on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) which mediate virus binding and uptake. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In order to investigate which measles virus strains may use CD46 and /or CD150 as receptors, CHO cells expressing either recombinant CD46 or SLAM were infected with a panel of 28 MV-strains inclu-ding vaccine strains, wild-type strains with various passage histories and recombinant viruses. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Samtliga nödlägen har orsakats av olika typer av virus: influensavirus (2009 - 2010), Ebola virus (2013 - 2015 och 2018 - 2020) poliovirus (2014 - pågår), Zika virus (2016 - 2017), coronavirus (2020-pågår) och poxvirus (2022-2023). (umu.se)

Maury noted that these locations are consistent with some of the ways the Ebola virus is thought to be transmitted -- inhalation of aerosolized droplets and hand-to-eye contact. (biologynews.net)

Prof. Matthias Wolf co-senior authored the first study to detail how the Seneca Valley Virus interacts with its preferred receptor on tumors, ANTXR1. (oist.jp)

[9] Breast milk supplied by a woman other than the baby's mother that is not pasteurized and informal breast milk sharing is associated with a risk of transmitting bacteria and viruses from the donor mother to the baby and is not considered a safe alternative. (wikipedia.org)
In crustacean, phagocytosis by hemocyte has also been well-recognized as a crucial defense mechanism for the host against infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. (frontiersin.org)
Particularly, Vibrio bacteria and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) have been recognized as the main threats among these pathogens in crustacean ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
We attempted to gain a deeper understanding of the phagocytic mechanism of different hemocytes and their contribution to the host defense immunity in crustaceans, which will be beneficial for the establishment of potential effective strategies to control diseases caused by viruses and bacteria in crustacean industries. (frontiersin.org)
Innate immunity is the first line of defence elicited by the host immune system to fight against invading pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. (amrita.edu)

However, little is known about the role of mammals in the maintenance of influenza viruses in the environment. (cdc.gov)
avian influenza virus (H5N1) can excrete virus while remaining free of severe disease, thereby potentially playing a role in virus dispersal. (cdc.gov)
Nina Marano] Dr. King, can other mammals play a role in the maintenance and spread of influenza viruses in the environment? (cdc.gov)
The authors did serosurveys and found that raccoons are exposed to avian influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
The potential exists for coinfection of multiple subtypes of influenza virus and with genetic reassortment and the creation of possible new strains of influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
These articles seem to show compelling evidence that wildlife plays a big role in how influenza viruses are dispersed, right? (cdc.gov)
To date, roughly 103 people have been infected with the H5N1 avian influenza virus--or bird flu. (sourcewatch.org)
RNA viruses, which include influenza viruses , SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19 ) and HIV , are one of the major threats that the immune system has to deal with. (pasteur.fr)

Feline coronaviruses (FCoV) exist as 2 biotypes: feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (cdc.gov)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped positive stranded RNA virus which has caused the recent deadly pandemic called COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)

CD4 also serves as the high-affinity receptor for cellular attachment and entry of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (rcsb.org)

The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) has been identified as the cellular receptor for group B coxsackieviruses, including serotype 3 (CVB3). (rcsb.org)

They are grouped together and distinguished from other viruses on the basis of physicochemical characteristics and because they share common epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis. (medscape.com)

In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, in particular focusing on the related receptors for recognition and internalization of pathogens as well as the downstream signal pathways and intracellular regulators involved in the process of hemocyte phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
Phagocytosis currently is described as an endocytic process that endogenous foreign particles or pathogens larger than 0.5 μm were first recognized by phagocyte surface receptor and then uptaken and engulfed into a plasma-membrane device, known as phagosome, following initiation of a signaling cascade to generate phagolysosome by fusion of phagosome with lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)

It also functions as a cellular uptake receptor for Epstein-Barr virus. (rndsystems.com)

Receptors, HIV" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

ACE2 molecule acts as a gateway for the virus to enter the cell and replicate, but on the other hand, it normally serves a "protective" function , Michos said. (sott.net)
Histopathology and localization of SARS-CoV-2 and its host cell entry receptor ACE2 in tissues from naturally infected US- farm ed mink (Neovison vison). (cdc.gov)
We characterized the pathological findings in 72 mink from US farm s with SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, localized SARS-CoV-2 and its host cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in mink respiratory tissues, and evaluated the utility of various test methods and specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection in necropsy tissues. (cdc.gov)
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 was extensively detected by IHC within turbinate epithelium, with decreased detection in lower respiratory tract epithelium and alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)

By using the suitable antibody 5C6 I successfully screened for receptor expressing cells using magnetic beads and FACS sorting. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

This article reviews the cellular receptors for HCV and suggests a general model for HCV entry into cells, in which lipoproteins play a crucial role. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the identification of the HCV receptor on the surface of susceptible cells, especially hepatocytes, remains a major challenge for the development of both in vitro cell culture systems, and for the design of successful therapies [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By directing AAV transduction through the regulated expression of its receptor, the approach provides precise control over which cells express the AAV-vectored transgene. (nature.com)
In addition, the presence of EVs reduced inflammatory responses in Pam 3 CSK 4 -treated endothelial cells and HEK Dual reporter cells, demonstrating that TLR2-EVs can act as decoy receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Unraveling the molecular mechanisms used by human cells to detect viral infections will help improve understanding of the diseases caused by these viruses. (pasteur.fr)
Subsequent experiments proved that both Ebola and Marburg viruses use TIM-1 is a receptor for infecting cells. (biologynews.net)
It's clear that there are other receptors for Ebola because while TIM-1 is found on a number of epithelial cells in the body, it is not found on some important cell types that are infected by Ebola," Maury said. (biologynews.net)
Ultimately, epithelial cells are not as important a target for the virus as some other cell types, but they may be the first entry point for Ebola, so they may provide a conduit that allows Ebola access to those other cells within the body. (biologynews.net)
If you have a virus that targets cancer cells and nothing else, that's the ultimate cancer fighting tool," said Prof. Matthias Wolf, principal investigator of the Molecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit at OIST and co-senior author of the study. (oist.jp)
Type 1 of this receptor is selectively expressed in up to 60% of human cancer cells and allows the virus to infect and destroy them while not affecting healthy cells. (oist.jp)
Anticancer viruses tend to target tumors while sparing the healthy cells around them, and many already exist in nature. (oist.jp)
You want the virus to evade the immune system, continue to replicate and kill the cancer cells. (oist.jp)
So the virus may be acting as a double-whammy by damaging cells directly and preventing the body from protecting tissues from inflammatory damage. (sott.net)
Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)
The virus resembles other known flavivirus structures with the exception of approximately 10 amino acids surrounding the Asn154 glycosylation site in each of the 180 envelope glycoproteins comprising the icosahedral shell, the carbohydrate moiety of which may be the attachment site of the virus to host cells. (medscape.com)

These conserved interactions map to variable antigenic sites or structurally conserved regions, suggesting a combination of evolutionary mechanisms for receptor site preservation. (rcsb.org)
During the past few decades, hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, as one of the most important innate cellular immune function, has also received great attention in crustacean, and a good progress in elucidating the involvement of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, as well as its protective roles and mechanisms, against bacterial and viral infections has been achieved. (frontiersin.org)
In a recent study published in the journal iScience , French and US research teams investigated the innate immune mechanisms used by the body in response to RNA viruses. (pasteur.fr)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

For example, one type of TLR, TLR8, sits in the membranes of cellular compartments called endosomes and looks for single-stranded RNA from viruses. (acs.org)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)

This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

The initial event in the replicative cycle of a virus is its interaction with receptors present on the surface of a cell. (medscape.com)
Detta steg är nödvändigt för att virus ska kunna föröka sig i en infekterad cell och sprida sig vidare till intilliggande celler och vidare till andra människor. (umu.se)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immune Cell Receptors, Coreceptors, and Cofactors: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. (harvard.edu)
Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
RIG-I Recognizes the 5' Region of Dengue and Zika Virus Genomes, Cell Reports , July 10, 2018. (pasteur.fr)
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites: they must enter a cell to reproduce. (virology.ws)
Cell receptors for viruses do not exist only to serve viruses: they also have cellular functions. (virology.ws)
Seneca Valley Virus has already demonstrated its cancer-fighting abilities in Phase I clinical trials in pediatric solid tumors and Phase II trials in small-cell lung cancers. (oist.jp)
We anticipate that these studies will define the contributions of cellular receptors and environmental factors to tissue-resident memory T cell differentiation and response. (massgeneral.org)
When the cell is infected, it modifies processes that lead to the expression of endogenous RNAs, making them capable of binding to RIG-I receptors. (pasteur.fr)
Additional reported applications (for relevant formats of this clone) include: costimulation 1 (clone 2E2 has been shown to enhance T-cell receptor mediated activation and cytokine secretion) and blocking 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)
Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
Inhibition of vaccinia virus L1 N-myristoylation by the host N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor IMP-1088 generates non-infectious virions defective in cell entry. (cdc.gov)
Importantly, we observed that loss of N-myristoylation resulted in greatly reduced infectivity of assembled mature virus particles, characterized by significantly reduced host cell entry and a decline in membrane fusion activity of progeny virus. (cdc.gov)

The analysis of the cryo-EM structure identifies important virus-receptor interactions that are conserved across picornavirus species. (rcsb.org)

This is the first receptor identified for Ebola and Marburg viruses," said Wendy Maury, Ph.D., associate professor of microbiology at the University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine and senior study author. (biologynews.net)

the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)

Just over hundred years ago, Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper identified a virus, later termed poliovirus, as the causative agent of poliomyelitis. (springer.com)
In 1909, Landsteiner and Popper reported the identification of a virus, subsequently called poliovirus (PV), as the causative agent of poliomyelitis [ 20 ]. (springer.com)

RNA sensors as a mechanism of innate immune evasion among SARS-CoV2, HIV and Nipah viruses. (amrita.edu)
This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease. (cdc.gov)

Instead, these authors proposed that CD81 may be an attachment receptor with poor capacity to mediate the viral entry, and that reducing environments may not not favor CD81-HCV interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Viral attachment to unidentified cellular receptors is mediated by the E (envelope) glycoprotein. (medscape.com)

Dengue virus. (pasteur.fr)
Using an RLR-purification technique in conjunction with high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, "we demonstrated that a precise region of the genomes of the dengue and Zika viruses (known as the 5' untranslated region) was recognized by RIG-I," explains Nolwenn Jouvenet, a scientist in the Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit at the Institut Pasteur and last author of the paper. (pasteur.fr)

The only two reported ligands for TIM-1 are TIM-4 and the hepatitis A virus (4, 9). (rndsystems.com)

[ 2 ] The spectrum of Zika virus disease overlaps with other that of arboviral infections, but rash (maculopapular and likely immune-mediated) typically predominates. (medscape.com)
Zika virus was first described in a febrile rhesus monkey in the Zika forest of Entebbe, Uganda, and was reported in a human field worker shortly thereafter. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Currently, Zika virus is known to be widely distributed outside of Africa. (medscape.com)
The CDC has released a map of potential Zika virus spread in the United States based on the estimated range of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. (medscape.com)
For the latest information concerning Zika virus, see also Medscape's Zika Virus Resource Center. (medscape.com)
Zika virus is well-adapted to grow in various hosts, ranging from arthropods to vertebrates. (medscape.com)
Sirohi et al described the structure of mature Zika virus based on cryoelectron microscopy. (medscape.com)

The tropism of each virus for certain tissues is not well understood and is neither unique nor specific. (medscape.com)
Type F adenoviruses and the EKC-causing adenoviruses are substantially different in their cellular receptor homing, and thus tissue tropism, as well as their structure. (biospace.com)

Analysis of cellular receptors shows that raccoons have avian and human type receptors with a similar distribution as found in human respiratory tracts. (cdc.gov)

Determination of the affinity and kinetic constants for the interaction between the human virus echovirus 11 and its cellular receptor, CD55. (ox.ac.uk)
In this study, we use surface plasmon resonance to study the affinity and kinetics of the interaction of echovirus 11 with its cellular receptor decay-accelerating factor (CD55). (ox.ac.uk)
These orphan viruses were initially termed ECHO, an acronym for enteric cytopathic human orphan virus, which was later simplified to echovirus. (medscape.com)

The recent monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak was of global concern and has mainly affected gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). (bvsalud.org)
Given the significant genetic identity between VACV, monkeypox virus and variola virus L1 homologs, our data provides a basis for further investigating the role of N-myristoylation in poxviral infections as well as the potential of selective NMT inhibitors like IMP-1088 as broad-spectrum poxvirus inhibitors. (cdc.gov)

A long-standing hypothesis is that FIP viruses arise from internal mutation of endemic FECVs ( 12 ), which is believed to occur in approximately 1%-5% of enteric infections, resulting in the ability of the virus to infect blood monocytes and tissue macrophages. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy15

Organisms110

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs51

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Hepatitis A virus cellul2

Replication11

TLRs4

Protein11

Infection30

Molecules6

Proteins12

Pattern recogniti2

Binds2

Humans4

Tumor2

Recognize1

Capsid2

Antigen1

Bind5

Antibodies6

Transferrin1

Sialic acid1

Metabolism1

Scientists6

Immune response6

Measles2

20171

Ebola Virus1

Interacts1

Bacteria5

Influenza8

Coronavirus2

High affinity1

Adenovirus1

Pathogenesis1

Pathogens2

Uptake1

Descriptor1

ACE24

Antibody1

Cells16

Mechanisms4

Single-stranded3

Nucleotide1

Cell15

Identifies1

Marburg1

Genome1

Poliovirus2

Nipah2

Attachment2

Dengue2

Ligands1

Zika virus7

Tropism2

Respiratory1

Echovirus3

Monkeypox virus2

Mutation1