Cellular pathway nuclear localization signals. Medical search. Frequent questions

Signal peptides serve as targeting signals, enabling cellular transport machinery to direct proteins to specific intracellular or extracellular locations. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to intrinsic signaling sequences, protein modifications like glycosylation can also induce targeting to specific intracellular or extracellular regions. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, activated, type I subunits recruit and phosphorylate receptor SMADs (R-smad), which are the first intracellular mediators of TGF-β signalling. (springer.com)
Calcium mineral stations are essential mediators of several varied procedures c-Kit-IN-2 such as for example hormone and neurotransmitter launch, activation of intracellular signalling pathways, pacemaker adjustments or activity in gene manifestation. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Export and import of mRNA and specific proteins from the nucleus is a key step in intracellular signaling and can lead to cell proliferation or apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
The canonical Wnt pathway involves stabilization of the intracellular protein β-catenin . (biomedcentral.com)
The intracellular protein Dishevelled is common to both canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways, raising the question of how this mysterious protein acts at the signal crossroads. (biomedcentral.com)

We found that stimulated neutrophils eject extracellular DNA after decondensation of the nuclear DNA in the nucleus, rupture of the lamin meshwork and nuclear membrane allowing the release of decondensed chromatin to the cytosol, disassembly of the actin, microtubule and vimentin intermediate filaments networks, vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane and finally rupture of the plasma membrane. (mpg.de)
Sequential acetylation and deacetylation of specific lysine residues on TF - such as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), NFκB p65 and forkhead box class O proteins - in the nucleus or cytoplasm, influence TF protein stability, nuclear localization, DNA binding capacity, activation and gene target specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
It also contains a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that targets the hRad9 protein into the nucleus [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Presumably the C-terminal domain is essential for transport of the 9-1-1 complex from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, for activation of the G2 checkpoint signalling cascade [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Previously we have also identified the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus from Brassinolide supplier cytoplasm during BTV infection of mammalian cells and we had postulated based on the finding with reovirus [13] that NF-κB activation Brassinolide supplier by BTV infection was involved in induction of cellular apoptosis [11]. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Signals that induce NF-κB activity cause the phosphorylation of IκBs their dissociation and subsequent degradation allowing NF-κB proteins to Brassinolide supplier enter the nucleus and induce gene expression. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Now, in Journal of Biology [ 1 ], Sergei Sokol and colleagues show that the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein of the Wnt signaling pathway can shuttle in and out of the nucleus (see 'The bottom line' box for a summary of the work and 'Background' for further explanations and definitions). (biomedcentral.com)
such studies have defined the molecules that ensure signals initiated at the cell surface are efficiently transmitted to the cell nucleus, where they often result in the induction of a specific gene-expression program. (biomedcentral.com)
From the hippocampus, signals are relayed via the fornix to the mammillary bodies and via the mammillothalamic tract to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. (medscape.com)

Recently, we reported that MoRic8 interacts with MagB and functions upstream of the cAMP/PKA pathway to regulate multiple phases of infection-related morphogenesis in [56]. (bio2009.org)
In order to explore the factors that regulate the nuclear import of TDP-43, we used a small interfering RNA library to silence 82 proteins involved in nuclear transport and found that knockdowns of karyopherin-beta1 and cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein resulted in marked cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43. (crick.ac.uk)
dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
Multicellular organisms (such as animals, plants, and fungi) produce signalling molecules called hormones that move through their bodies to regulate developmental and physiological processes. (botany.one)
For example, NEDD8 activates SCF and related ubiquitin ligases, ISG15/UCRP is induced during in the antiviral interferon response, Apg12p and Apg8p regulate the autophagy pathway, and Hub1p modifies cell polarity factors. (enzolifesciences.com)
Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
Structure-function analysis of the Dishevelled (Dsh) protein in frog embryos has defined sequences that regulate Dsh nuclear localization, which proves critical for Wnt signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Frizzled receptors can also initiate an independent ' non-canonical ' Wnt pathway that diverges to regulate complex developmental events involved in planar cell polarity and convergent extension movements during embryo development, via small GTPases and the JNK kinase. (biomedcentral.com)

During virus infection, the specific immune signals produced from infected cells are important for dictating the recruitment and activation of innate or adaptive immune cells that are required to fight virus infection. (nature.com)
Substrate recognition by either RNA or DNA sensors leads to signaling cascades that activate two major branches of the innate immune response, the type I/III IFN response and the inflammatory cytokine response (reviewed in ref. 11 ). (nature.com)
Since BTV induces solid cytokine reactions BTV could also result in innate immune system pathways via IRF that are in charge of regulating cytokine creation [17-19]. (biosemiotics2013.org)

In yeast, this pathway is activated in response to osmotic stress caused by e.g. high extracellular salt or sugar concentrations. (boku.ac.at)
The IkB alpha antibody outcomes recommend a previously unidentified part from the 2/1 subunit in skeletal c-Kit-IN-2 muscle tissue and support the participation of this proteins in extracellular signalling. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Furthermore to carbohydrates for the extracellular part of the 2/1 subunit, additional conserved domains considered to c-Kit-IN-2 mediate cell signalling can be found in this area. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
In a previous report we showed that extracellular treatment with a combination of both the cellular receptor binding protein VP2 and the cell penetration protein VP5 is sufficient to trigger apoptosis through the activation of executioner caspase-3 [11]. (biosemiotics2013.org)
During growth, development and disease, extracellular signals are communicated, or transduced, into the cell and in such a way as to elicit a particular cellular response. (biomedcentral.com)
The first step in the Wnt signal occurs when extracellular Wnt ligand binds Frizzled receptors on the cell surface, leading to the activation of several distinct transduction pathways (see Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a delicate and complex signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple signaling molecules, which plays a significant role in regulating human physiology and pathology. (frontiersin.org)
Studies of the Wnt pathway provide a wonderful example of how researchers from different fields have contributed to a detailed understanding of a key signal transduction pathway [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These findings provide the initial indication of a novel cell density-dependent pathway that is responsible for the regulation of VHL cellular localization. (nih.gov)
Futhermore, the molecular mechanism of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulation by RASSF7 was explored. (cellmolbiol.org)
A comparison of their known functions has identified, besides a common role within protein folding, multiple roles for the cyclophilins within pre-mRNA splicing and cellular signalling, and within transcription and cell cycle regulation for the parvulins. (biomedcentral.com)
The p53 is considered as a major "guardian of genome" for its activities in a wide range of cellular events, including cell-cycle regulation, induction of apoptosis, gene amplification, DNA recombination, chromosomal segregation and cellular senescence. (apexbt.com)
Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cell fate and function through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of omics networks. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, precise regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a cancer-targeting strategy may contribute to the treatment of some malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the complex regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by SUMOylation and discuss the potential targets of SUMOylation therapy. (frontiersin.org)
Our data also suggest that negative feedback regulation mechanism of the A20/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway and the neuroprotective role of A20 to attenuate EBI after SAH. (nih.gov)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

Proteins that reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), golgi or endosomes also use the co-translational translocation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
1) Ligation of cytokine or other inflammatory receptors leads to phosphorylation and/or dimerization of transcription factors (TF), followed by their nuclear translocation and association with histone acetyl transferases (HATs). (biomedcentral.com)
Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids bind to GR, producing major conformational changes that result in nuclear translocation or transrepression of transcription factors, including nuclear factor κB. (ashpublications.org)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
Building on these observations, we found a specific activation of NF-κB and a block of IRF3 nuclear translocation in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. (nature.com)

These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
While various molecular mechanisms mediating NETosis are being revealed, the cellular events driving NETs release are still unclear. (mpg.de)
In this article, we have reviewed several recently identified natural products with potential antiaging properties and have highlighted their cellular and molecular mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
This has led to an improved understanding of the multilayered mechanisms of this pathway transduction proceeds as well as the molecular mechanism regulating this pathway ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
Zebrafish Fin: Complex Molecular Interactions and Cellular Mechanisms Guiding Regeneration. (uni-ulm.de)

Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis -colonized IL-10 −/− mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Furthermore, our findings also demonstrated that RASSF7 promoted HCC cell proliferation through activating MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. (cellmolbiol.org)
RASSF7 Hepatocellular carcinoma Proliferation Cell cycle MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. (cellmolbiol.org)
It is believed that TGF-β1 signalling is involved in controlling epithelial cell proliferation, to drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it plays a major role in lung fibrosis and emphysema. (springer.com)
This suggests the possibility that strictly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in cancer cells may be disturbed by the SUMOylation pathway to allow more malignant proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
β-catenin is involved in Wnt signaling pathway that regulates cellular differentiation and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
CSE1L promotes proliferation of NSCLC cells by activating the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting apoptosis in coordination with P65. (researchsquare.com)
Wnt signaling regulates cell proliferation, cell polarity and cell-fate determination. (biomedcentral.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

TIP30 regulates lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating SREBP1 through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. (cellmolbiol.org)
The Ubl SUMO regulates a growing number of recognized proteins involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair, the stress response, nuclear transport, transcription, and signal transduction. (enzolifesciences.com)
NF-κB signaling negatively regulates osteoblast dedifferentiation during zebrafish bone regeneration. (uni-ulm.de)
At the cellular level, the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by a 94-kd protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human (h) GR belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid superfamily of nuclear receptors and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes positively or negatively. (medscape.com)
In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)

Consequently, the cAMP/PKA pathway and Pmk1 MAPK cascade are essential for rules of appressorium development and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus. (bio2009.org)
In addition, we are currently analysing the role of the MAPK of the High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathway, CgHog1. (boku.ac.at)
RNA-seq results indicated that CSE1L activated the MAPK signaling pathway in NSCLC cells by increasing activity of P65. (researchsquare.com)

However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
functions downstream of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and are novel transcriptional regulators associated with 192203-60-4 cellular differentiation during flower infection from the rice blast fungus. (bio2009.org)

Analysis of the expression of chosen nuclear import factors in post-mortem brain samples from patients with TDP-43 positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and spinal cord samples from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, revealed a considerable reduction in expression of cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. (crick.ac.uk)
We propose that cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein associated defective nuclear transport may play a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of the TDP-43 positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration. (crick.ac.uk)
Subsequent to this report others have reported that both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are involved in the induction of apoptosis by BTV [9 10 12 However the results in these reports have Brassinolide supplier contradictory conclusions particularly in relation to caspase-8 activation. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Further the interrelationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in triggering apoptosis has not been investigated. (biosemiotics2013.org)
Studies suggest that some ribosomal proteins may have other functions, such as participating in chemical signaling pathways within the cell, regulating cell division, and controlling the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)

A putative nuclear localization signal, a nuclear export signal, and a cytoplasmic retention locus have been identified in the VHL protein. (nih.gov)
Patients carrying point mutations in the C-terminus of FUS show neuronal cytoplasmic FUS-positive inclusions, whereas in healthy controls, FUS is predominantly nuclear. (cipsm.de)
Nuclear import of FUS is dependent on Transportin, and interference with this transport pathway leads to cytoplasmic redistribution and recruitment of FUS into stress granules. (cipsm.de)
During interphase, RanGAP1 is bound to the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex via a sumoylationdependent interaction with the IR domain of the large nucleoporin RanBP2/Nup358. (enzolifesciences.com)

This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. (cancerindex.org)

Changing of external physical parameters such as high temperature or osmotic stress elicit immediate activation of signaling pathways leading to changes of enzyme activities and also large scale changes of gene expression patterns. (boku.ac.at)

Mitochondrial targeting signals. (manchester.ac.uk)
In addition to direct viral sensing, cells have also evolved ways to detect the indirect effects of virus infection, such as nuclear or mitochondrial damage caused by the heavy cellular burden imposed by virus replication. (nature.com)

Of note, DAPK can activate PKD in HeLa cells under oxidative stress conditions 11 , thus suggesting that PKD activation may contribute to cellular death. (nature.com)
Discussion at the Vancouver meeting spanned several areas of research, including signaling pathway activation of EMT and the transcription factors and gene targets involved. (rupress.org)
Growing tumors exist in metabolically compromised environments that require activation of multiple pathways to scavenge nutrients to support accelerated rates of growth. (jci.org)
Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)
Abnormal activation of this pathway plays an essential role in chemoradiotherapy resistance ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
CD3 associated with the T-cell receptor a/b or g/d dimer also plays a role in T-cell activation and signal transduction during antigen recognition. (biosemiotics2013.org)

The type I/III IFN pathways are directly involved in protecting neighboring cells from virus spread and are vital for the immediate cell-intrinsic antiviral response. (nature.com)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)

HATs and HDACs also finely tune gene expression and cellular processes through pleiotropic, nonepigenetic signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Membrane-spanning proteins often function as receptors involved in recognition and cell adhesion, whereas nuclear proteins frequently play a role in regulating gene expression and transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
Study findings reported that in dermal fibroblasts, celastrol weakened the power of TGFβ to generate an SSc-like pattern of gene expression, such as the cellular communication network factor 2, TGFβ1, and collagen I. Further, celastrol lessened the persistent fibrotic phenotype of dermal fibroblasts that had been cultured from the cells of patients with SSc. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)

Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)

Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB-ty -50mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). (nih.gov)

Rgs1, a regulator of G-protein signaling, interacts with all the three G subunits and functions as a negative regulator of G-proteins in [52]. (bio2009.org)
hRad9 is a nuclear protein that interacts with hRad1 and hHus1 to form a hetero-trimeric complex (the 9-1-1 complex) which is then loaded onto DNA [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The primary cellular pathways that mediate the longevity-extending effects of natural products involve nutrient-sensing pathways. (frontiersin.org)

He described these short sequences (generally 13 to 36 amino acids residues) as signal peptides or signal sequences and was awarded the 1999 Nobel prize in Physiology for the same. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike most signal sequences, signal patches are not cleaved after sorting is complete. (wikipedia.org)
The signal sequence of type II membrane proteins and some polytopic membrane proteins are not cleaved off and therefore are referred to as signal anchor sequences. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclear localization sequences and conserved domains of the MoSom1 and MoCdtf1 proteins are crucial for 192203-60-4 his or her biological function. (bio2009.org)

β-catenin is a multifunctional protein involved in two apparently independent processes: cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 4 ] Glucocorticoids are involved in almost every cellular, molecular, and physiologic network of the organism and play a pivotal role in critical biologic processes, such as growth, reproduction, intermediary metabolism, immune and inflammatory reactions, and central nervous system and cardiovascular functions. (medscape.com)

A fraction of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas have abnormal nuclear accumulation of β-catenin accompanied with increased cyclin D1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations in β-catenin or axin genes are not responsible for this abnormal localization of β-catenin. (biomedcentral.com)

This suggests that DNA replication following escape from G1 arrest in drug is more error prone and provides a potential explanation for the DNA damage observed under long-term RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway inhibition. (babraham.ac.uk)

One such mechanism may be defective nuclear import of TDP-43 protein, as a disruption of its nuclear localization signal leads to mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm. (crick.ac.uk)
Post-translational modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) is an essential cellular regulatory mechanism, allowing rapid and reversible control of a target protein's function by altering its half-life, sub-cellular localization, enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, or other properties. (enzolifesciences.com)
SUMOylation of proteins is an important mechanism in cellular responses to environmental stress ( 21 , 22 ). (frontiersin.org)

Like all plus-strand RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 replication process within cells requires de novo production of viral RNA species, including single-strand (ss)RNA and double-strand (ds)RNA that can be sensed by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) subsequently activating antiviral pathways 7 . (nature.com)

In higher eukaryotes, the cellular localization of RanGAP1 is regulated by SUMOylation of its C-terminal domain. (enzolifesciences.com)
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)

Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. (frontiersin.org)
The cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway plays a major role in regulating plant infection from the rice blast fungus and or are both necessary for development of spores and appressoria by and play roles in cell wall differentiation, regulating melanin pigmentation and cell surface hydrophobicity during spore formation. (bio2009.org)

Many factors such as sensors, signaling pathways, dedicated transcription factors, and chromatin structure contribute to these adaptations. (boku.ac.at)

This triggered an increase in paracellular permeability via cellular redistribution of claudin 3 (CLDN3) from TJs into cell nuclei followed by disruption of epithelial integrity and formation of epithelial lesions. (springer.com)
The Wnt signaling machinery is tightly regulated, and disruption of components of the signaling pathway have been implicated in diseases including cancer [ 2 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A span of 10 to 15 hydrophobic amino acids near the middle of the signal peptide. (wikipedia.org)
After a protein has reached its destination, the signal peptide is generally cleaved by a signal peptidase. (wikipedia.org)
This process begins while the protein is being synthesized on the ribosome, when a signal recognition particle (SRP) recognizes an N-terminal signal peptide of the nascent protein. (wikipedia.org)
All members of transforming growth factor superfamily are synthesized as pre-pro-peptides that consist of a short N-terminal signalling peptide, a latency-associated protein (LAP) domain and the mature TGF domain [ 42 ]. (springer.com)

While no consensus sequence has been identified for signal peptides, many nonetheless possess a characteristic tripartite structure: A positively charged, hydrophilic region near the N-terminal. (wikipedia.org)
While most signal peptides are found at the N-terminal, in peroxisomes the targeting sequence is located on the C-terminal extension. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike signal peptides, signal patches are composed by amino acid residues that are discontinuous in the primary sequence but become functional when folding brings them together on the protein surface. (wikipedia.org)
In secretory proteins and type I transmembrane proteins, the signal sequence is immediately cleaved from the nascent polypeptide once it has been translocated into the membrane of the ER (eukaryotes) or plasma membrane (prokaryotes) by signal peptidase. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we determined the sequence of cellular events in NETosis, and examined the role of PAD4 in these events. (mpg.de)
The p53 tumor suppressor is a 53 kDa nuclear phosphoprotein of 393 amino acids that is encoded by the TP53 gene (20 kb with 11 exons and 10 introns) and characterized by the presence of several structural and functional domains, including a N-terminus, a central core domain, a C-terminal region, a strongly basic carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain, a nuclear localization signal sequence and three nuclear export signal sequence. (apexbt.com)

In contrast, expression of an active dephosphorylation-resistant PKD1 mutant potentiates the IKK/NF-κB/SOD2 oxidative stress detoxification pathway and confers neuroprotection from in vitro and in vivo excitotoxicity. (nature.com)
Oxidative stress is an important activator of PKD1 in cellular models, but its capacity to activate this kinase in vivo is largely unknown. (nature.com)
We propose that two pathological hits, namely nuclear import defects and cellular stress, are involved in the pathogenesis of FUS-opathies. (cipsm.de)
We study specific aspects of cellular stress response in yeast and related human fungal pathogens. (boku.ac.at)
Nuclear localization of Hog1-GFP in response to stress in C. glabrata. (boku.ac.at)
Graphical abstract of the Cell article that studied the external signals that stressed plants emit after drought stress or wounding. (botany.one)
In fact, it has long been established that plants living in suboptimal conditions accumulate stress hormones that act within the plant body to trigger a wide array of defensive and adaptive responses at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. (botany.one)
Molecular chaperones are known to play a role in stabilizing protein structure and function during events of cellular stress. (bioone.org)

These effects were blocked by anti-TNF-α antibody or by pretreatment with an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling. (aacrjournals.org)
16]). These inhibitor proteins mask the nuclear localisation signal of NF-κB. (biosemiotics2013.org)

The fin roundabout: Slit-Robo and S1P signaling coordinate fin morphogenesis. (uni-ulm.de)

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that encompasses, among others, estrogen receptor and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor. (ashpublications.org)

How is signalling of environmental cues wired in the human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata ? (boku.ac.at)

The majority of fALS-associated mutations occur within the NLS and impair nuclear import to a degree that correlates with the age of disease onset. (cipsm.de)

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)

In a PCR array analysis of 84 transcription factors, either overexpressing DEFB1 or siRNA silencing of DEFB1 expression significantly modulated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (cdc.gov)

These findings indicated that HIF-2α might play a critical role in VM and that HIF-2α and the pathway of HIF-2α inducing VM formation are potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. (oncotarget.com)
However, downstream targets of the cAMP/PKA pathway are not well analyzed in and and are regulated by the cAMP/PKA pathway. (bio2009.org)
Our characterization of pol β from a model fish organism contributes to the study of the function and evolution of DNA polymerases, which are emerging as important cellular targets for chemical intervention in the development of anticancer agents. (biomedcentral.com)

Localisation of hRad9 protein were performed on paired tumor and normal breast tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
These chemical messengers are active at very low concentrations and can travel from their site of production to distant tissues and organs, where they provoke molecular and cellular responses. (botany.one)
Four (8%) esophageal cancer tissues showed high nuclear β-catenin staining. (biomedcentral.com)
DAMPs, damage-associated tissues and the molecular target structures and pathways. (cdc.gov)
They are characterized by their tendency to seed along the neuraxis, following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways, and they represent one of the few brain tumors, including ependymoma , pinealoblastoma, and lymphoma , to metastasize to extraneural tissues. (medscape.com)

Numerous stimuli activate PKD through well-established pathways. (nature.com)

The miR-367-3p increases sorafenib chemotherapy efficacy to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through altering the androgen receptor signals. (cellmolbiol.org)

The cellular transcription factor Elongin (SIII) has been identified as a functional target of the VHL protein. (nih.gov)

The role of soluble factors in nuclear import. (manchester.ac.uk)

Anatomy29

Organisms20

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes73

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Intracellular7

Nucleus9

Regulate8

Innate3

Extracellular6

Transduction pathway2

Regulation9

Translocation5

Mechanisms5

Proliferation8

Molecules2

Regulates5

MAPK3

Transcriptional2

Apoptosis5

Cytoplasmic4

Cascades1

Elicit1

Mitochondrial2

Activation6

Intrinsic2

Gene expression3

Ligand binds1

Plays a crucial role2

Interacts2

Mediate1

Sequences4

Processes2

Abnormal2

Inhibition1

Mechanism3

Receptors1

SUMOylation3

Protein kinase2

Chromatin1

Disruption2

Peptide4

Sequence6

Stress8

Inhibitor2

Morphogenesis1

Superfamily1

Cues1

Mutations1

Defects1

Activator1

Targets3

Tissues5

Activate1

Androgen receptor1

Transcription factor1

Role1