Cellular natural killer cell subsets killer cells natural. Medical search. Frequent questions

This study retrospectively analyzed serum lymphocyte subsets and survival outcomes in intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) patients. (researchsquare.com)
Serum from145 iGCTs patients were collected and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. (researchsquare.com)
Dynamic monitoring of serum lymphocyte subsets can be used as an auxiliary indicator for prognosis judgment. (researchsquare.com)
In our body's immune system , Lymphocyte Subpopulations (Lymphocyte Subsets) is a classification of the various types of lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (wellnessadvantage.com)
Flow cytometric results showing development of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets during the disease course were divided into 3 groups on the basis of time of illness onset until date of blood sample collection: 1-3, 4-6, or 7-10 days. (cdc.gov)
Mean counts and percentages of all T- and B-lymphocyte subsets increased after 3 days of illness compared with results obtained during the first 3 days of illness ( Figure 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Tests that demonstrate the status of cellular immunity include lymphocyte numbers (i.e., a complete blood count with differential), a test that delineates concentrations and proportions of lymphocyte subsets (i.e. (cdc.gov)

αMβ2 is expressed on the surface of many leukocytes involved in the innate immune system, including monocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells and subsets of T and B cells. (wikipedia.org)
moreover, the exposure of peritoneal macrophages (in vitro) to temperatures of 4, 10, 24, and 37°C for 1 hour suggested a close inverse association between incubation temperature and the number of cells capable of phagocytosis. (researchgate.net)
ImmuCore is designed to provide a multiple mechanistic approach to support immune system health through enhancing functions of macrophages, natural killer cells, and T cell subsets. (nutrichem.com)
The immunologic mechanism for alloimmunization to antigens found on transfused cells involves presentation of the donor antigens by donor antigen-presenting cells (APCs), i.e., monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, to recipient T cells. (medscape.com)
In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells ( e.g ., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC. (wjgnet.com)
Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
NK-cells, along with macrophages and several other cell types, express the FcR molecule, an activating biochemical receptor that binds the Fc portion of antibodies . (wikidoc.org)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)

A wide variety of immune cells have vitamin D receptors that, once engaged, profoundly alter cellular function. (creighton.edu)
A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. (wjgnet.com)
2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
Ly6C high MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
NK-cells are defined as large granular lymphocytes that do not express T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) or Pan T marker CD3 or surface immunoglobulins (Ig) B cell receptor but that usually express the surface markers CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD56 in humans, and NK1.1/NK1.2 in certain strains of mice. (wikidoc.org)
Aside from the Fc receptor, Natural Killer cells express a variety of receptors that serve to either activate or suppress their cytolytic activity. (wikidoc.org)
These receptors bind to various ligands on target cells, both endogenous and exogenous, and have an important role in regulating the NK-cell response. (wikidoc.org)
Most of these receptors are not unique to NK cells and can be present in other T cell subsets as well. (wikidoc.org)
These inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I alleles , which could explain why NK cells kill cells possessing low levels of MHC class I molecules. (wikidoc.org)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
In our body, the Lymphocyte differentiation process includes a series of DNA recombination steps to create the extensive repertoire of immunoglobulins (for B cells) or T-cell receptors (for T cells). (wellnessadvantage.com)
In our body, T Cells (T Lymphocytes) belong to a group of lymphocyte distinguished from other lymphocyte types by the presence on the cell's surface of the special receptor called T cell receptors (TCR) . (wellnessadvantage.com)
B46 had no detectable effect on HIV-specific Tcell responses, but this allele is unusual in containing an HLA-C epitope that binds inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells. (cdc.gov)

CD11b is also involved in the differentiation of osteoclasts, bone remodelling cells. (wikipedia.org)
Based on these results, therapies targeted towards decreasing NK cell-mediated inflammation, or to increase serum cytokines associated with NK differentiation, may help dogs maintain an asymptomatic state following Lyme Disease exposure. (pwdfoundation.org)
2016). Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. (springer.com)
In this work, we showed that KIR/HLA incompatibilities between donor and recipient were associated with more acute GvHD and less relapse after PTCy-HSCT, participating in the activation and earlier differentiation of NK cells. (theses.fr)
In order to identify NK cell subsets with high anti-leukemic potential, we defined 9 NK cell subsets based on NK cell differentiation markers and performed in vitro studies of the functional potential of each of these NK populations against leukemic targets. (theses.fr)
This study aims to explore molecule signaling mediating MC subset differentiation in HHcy and control mice. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, we established 3 groups of transcriptional models to describe Ly6C high to Ly6C low MC subset differentiation, immune checkpoint regulation, Ly6C high MC to MΦ subset differentiation and Ly6C low MC to lymphocyte functional adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
Various subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with different cytokine productions develop in the mouse thymus, but the factors driving their differentiation remain unclear. (nih.gov)
Our data therefore suggest that TCR signal strength during thymic differentiation may influence not only IFN-γ production, but also the protective function of iNKT cells in arthritis. (nih.gov)
We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. (nature.com)
We show here that these novel intrathymic DCs are truly myeloid, as they arise from CD34 + early thymic progenitors through CD34 lo intermediates which have lost the capacity to generate T cells, but display myelomonocytic differentiation potential. (ashpublications.org)

Beside TLR signalling, CD11b also negatively regulates B cell receptor (BCR) signalling, and it suppresses T cell activation and dendritic cell maturation and function. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, γδ T cells can directly kill target cells without the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) and perform dual functional roles in antitumor and anti-infective immunity. (nature.com)
Dendritic cells in autoimmune disease / Kristen Radford, Ken Shortman, and Meredith O'Keeffe. (osu.cz)
Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In this study, the finding that a significant proportion of all dendritic cells (DCs) resident in vivo in the human postnatal thymus displayed a myeloid-related phenotype prompted us to re-examine the developmental origin of thymic DCs, a cell type hitherto considered to represent a homogeneous lymphoid-derived population. (ashpublications.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are hematopoietic-derived highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that display potent ability to induce both specific immune responses and deletion of potentially autoreactive T cells. (ashpublications.org)

Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)
The fluorochrome-labeled cells are analyzed by flow cytometry, which categorizes individual cells according to size, granularity, fluorochrome, and fluorochrome intensity. (cdc.gov)

Cellular and Molecular Immunology. (lu.se)

We also found a serum cytokine that was elevated in dogs that were asymptomatic after Lyme disease exposure, thus this cytokine could be skewing the NK cell subset toward a less inflammatory phenotype. (pwdfoundation.org)
Conclusions: Our results identify IFN-driven changes in the composition and phenotype of T and NK cells that are consistent with a systemic immune activation within the IFNhi patient, and underscore the added resolving power of this multi-omics approach to identify rare immune subsets. (ox.ac.uk)
There are 2 subsets of DCs with distinct phenotype, localization, and function which have been described also in humans. (ashpublications.org)
HCMV infection has recently been associated with expansion of adaptive-like natural killer (NK) cells, which harbor epigenetic alterations that impact on their cellular function and phenotype. (ucl.ac.uk)
Our data demonstrate a reshaping of the NK cell pool in HIV-1 infection of HCMV-seropositive individuals, with an accentuated peripheral transition of CD56dim NK cells toward a mature CD57+ CD85j+ NKG2C+ NKG2A− phenotype. (ucl.ac.uk)
HLA-B∗46 associates with rapid HIV disease progression in Asian cohorts and prominent differences in NK cell phenotype. (cdc.gov)

Monocytes (MC) are bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear phagocytes that play an important role in innate immune response and are the major immune cell population in chronic tissue inflammatory ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

It mediates inflammation by regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration and has been implicated in several immune processes such as phagocytosis, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, chemotaxis and cellular activation. (wikipedia.org)
We further present evidence of SumayaVac-1 eliciting a recallable cellular cytotoxicity by IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells. (nature.com)
Furthermore, we have investigated the influence of KIR/HLA interactions on Antibody Dependant Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) modulation, showing that the low number of KIR ligands in lymphoma patients favors a good rituximab-dependent NK cell responses. (theses.fr)
Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
CD3-/CD56- cells further exhibited the classical functional characteristics of NK cells: cytolysis of target cells lacking HLA class I, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and cytokine production. (unibas.ch)
This allows Natural Killer cells to target cells against which a humoral response has been mobilized and to lyse cells through Antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) . (wikidoc.org)

Our results found that PBC stimulated a greater change in numbers of CD16 + NK cells and CD8 + T cells in comparison to CWI, suggesting a larger catecholamine response after PBC could result in a morepronounced mobilisation of lymphocytes than CWI. (researchgate.net)
2012). CD16 + NK cells in this study were observed to increase by 167% after PBC, 58% after CWI, and 29% after CON. (researchgate.net)
Both culture conditions showed high NK purity with predominance of NK CD56 bright CD16 + subset post expansion. (springer.com)
Ly6C high MC is the pro-inflammatory subset and the counterpart of human CD14 ++ CD16 + intermediate MC which contributes to systemic and tissue inflammation in various metabolic disorders, including hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). (frontiersin.org)
Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Murine Ly6C high and Ly6C middle MC subsets perform pro-inflammatory functions, which are considered the counterpart of human CD14 ++ CD16 + intermediate MC or CD14 + CD40 + inflammatory MC ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
While the percentages of CD56 (dim) cells and their CD16 expression were lower in the chronic group, this was not statistically significant. (who.int)

Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors (iGCTs) are rare brain tumors that originate from embryonic germ cells. (researchsquare.com)
Classification of central nervous system germ cell tumors according to the World Health Organization divides them into germinoma and non-germinoma germ cell tumors(NGGCTs), with 6 different types of the latter, which includes teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor), chorionic epithelioma (also called choriocarcinoma) and mixed germ cell tumors(GCTs) 7 (including above components sometimes teratoma and germinoma as well). (researchsquare.com)
Therefore the application of immunotherapy has driven the treatment of brain tumors to the study of the response of intratumoral and systemic immune cells and cytokines to these malignancies 10 - 12 . (researchsquare.com)
nontargeting shRNA-transduced cells had been used as controls.As depicted in Figure 4A, MET knockdown xenografts showed slower development in addition to a substantially decreased volume at examine termination as compared with control tumors. (pkainhibitors.com)
Because of this, the pH gradient current amongst the extracellular microenvironment plus the cell cytosol is expanded in some solid tumors relative towards the pH gradient in usual tissues. (pkainhibitors.com)
There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
The antitumor effect provided by natural killing has been observed in tumors of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins and reported in diverse in vivo models and clinical series ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
We found that the levels of B cells, T cells, and NK cells were similar, IC-expressing CD4 + and CD4 + CD8 + double positive T cells were higher, while CD8 + T cells and CD4 − CD8 − double negative T cells were significantly lower in CRC tumors. (mdpi.com)
NK cells play a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses . (wikidoc.org)
In our body, Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) are a part of innate immune system and play a major role in defending the host from both tumors and virally infected cells. (wellnessadvantage.com)

The mechanistic role of NK cells and "double negative" (CD4-CD8-) T regulatory cells in PPCM requires further investigation. (uky.edu)
However, the role of NK cells in this modality of transplantation remains poorly understood. (theses.fr)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)

Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
The main functions of natural killer (NK) cells are early protection against viruses or tumor cells and production of cytokines that regulate immune functions. (unibas.ch)
The cytokines Interferon play a crucial role in NK-cell activation. (wikidoc.org)
NK cells are activated in response to interferons or macrophage -derived cytokines . (wikidoc.org)
In response to pathogens some T cells, called T helper cells, produce cytokines that direct the immune response while other T cells, called cytotoxic T cells, produce toxic granules that induce the death of pathogen infected cells. (wellnessadvantage.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)

Using single-cell sequencing, we identify a rare population of HHV-6 'super-expressors' (about 1 in 300-10,000 cells) that possess high viral transcriptional activity, among research-grade allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. (bvsalud.org)
Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
CD38 is a transmembrane protein that shows enzymatic activity involved in the production of calcium-mobilizing compounds and receptor activity involved in cellular adhesion and signaling in leukocytes. (practo.com)
Electroporation of primary T cells with Alt-R RNP complex targeted to alpha chain of the T-cell receptor routinely results in over 80% knockout of surface TCR complex, without detectable toxicity ( Figure ). (genengnews.com)
heterodimers) - a C-type lectin family receptor, conserved in both rodents and primates and identifies non-classical (also non-polymorphic) MHC I molecules like HLA E . Though indirect, this is a way to survey the levels of classical (polymorphic) HLA molecules, however, because expression of HLA-E at the cell surface is dependent upon the presence of classical MHC class I leader peptides. (wikidoc.org)
Moreover, although interleukin 7 (IL-7) supports the generation of such myeloid intermediates, we show that their developmental branching from the main intrathymic T-cell pathway is linked to the up-regulation of the myelomonocytic granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, to the down-regulation of the IL-7 receptor and to the lack of pre-T-cell receptor α (pTα) gene transcriptional activation. (ashpublications.org)
Adaptive-like NK cell subsets in HIV-1-infected individuals displayed enhanced IFN-γ production following Fc receptor triggering compared with their conventional NK cell counterparts, and their ability to produce TNF-α and degranulate was preserved. (ucl.ac.uk)

Cellular immunity, altered in pregnancy and the peripartum period, has been proposed to play a role in PPCM pathogenesis. (uky.edu)
A common evolutionary adaption to this seen in both intracellular microbes and tumours is a chronic down-regulation of these MHC I molecules, rendering the cell impervious to T-cell mediated immunity. (wikidoc.org)
T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies). (wellnessadvantage.com)
In our body, Natural Killer Cells are essential for immunity, when absent, high rates of cancer and diabetes can occur. (wellnessadvantage.com)
Primary immunodeficiencies generally are inherited and include conditions defined by an inherent absence or quantitative deficiency of cellular, humoral, or both components that provide immunity. (cdc.gov)
Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies might include a combination of deficits in both cellular and humoral immunity. (cdc.gov)
Tests useful to assess humoral immunity include immunoglobulin (and immunoglobulin subset) levels and specific antibody levels (e.g., tetanus and diphtheria). (cdc.gov)

They serve to contain viral infections while the adaptive immune response is generating antigen -specific cytotoxic T cells that can clear the infection. (wikidoc.org)
Schematic diagram indicating the complementary activities of cytotoxic T-cells and NK cells. (wikidoc.org)
MHC class I molecules consist of the main mechanism by which cells display viral or tumor antigens to cytotoxic T-cells. (wikidoc.org)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

The role of invariant natural killer T cells in autoimmune diseases / Gerhard Wingender and Mitchell Kronenberg. (osu.cz)

Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
The CD56 dim subset is the terminally differentiated successor of the CD56 bright population and is primarily responsible for exerting cytolytic functions ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
The present study assessed the role of different NK subsets in exerting graft-versus-leukemia effects in recipients of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haploidentical hematopoietic transplants and monitored for the first time CD3-/CD56- lymphocyte expansion. (unibas.ch)
These results demonstrate that CD56- NK cells are functional, recognize missing self and, like their CD56+ counterparts, may contribute to graft-versus-leukemia reactions. (unibas.ch)
The percentage of CD56(bright) cells was significantly higher than the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
The frequency of CD3+CD56- T cells was significantly lower in both the chronic and resolved groups compared to the control group ( P = 0.04). (who.int)
The elimination or persistence (NKRs) and mediate functions of both cells and CD56+NT cells was charac- of the infection depends on a balance T cells and NK cells [13]. (who.int)

First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
NK cell proliferation, phenotypic expression and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. (springer.com)
The current understanding of aGVHD pathogenesis can be summarized as (1) initial tissue damage induced by the conditioning regimen followed by the denudation of auto- and alloantigens accompanied by massive inflammatory cytokine secretion ("cytokine storm") activating APCs, (2) auto- and alloantigen presentation mediated by APCs together with the costimulatory signaling prime donor's cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their proliferation, and (3) the migration of activated cellular effectors toward GVHD target tissues. (hindawi.com)
B and T lymphocytes, CD4+ B lymphocytes versus CD8+ T lymphocytes), and tests that measure T-cell proliferation or function in response to specific or nonspecific stimuli (e.g., lymphocyte proliferation assays) ( 4,5 ). (cdc.gov)

An increase in circulating leukocyte subsets such as CD8⁺ T cells and CD56loCD16⁺ natural killer cells suggests that PBC may induce a transient mobilisation of lymphocytes. (researchgate.net)
Alloimmunization from leukocyte-reduced cellular blood products requires recognition of the alloantigen by recipient APCs and activation of recipient CD4+ T cells. (medscape.com)
γδ T cells, specifically the Vγ9Vδ2 subset, which is the dominate subset among γδ T cells in human peripheral blood, recognize target cells in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-independent manner. (nature.com)

This trial examined the impact of a single PBC exposure on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to CWI or a control. (researchgate.net)
In trials of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), multiple approaches have been used to measure adherence, including self-report, pill counts, electronic dose monitoring devices, and biological measures such as drug levels in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, hair, and/or dried blood spots. (cdc.gov)

Similarly, within the tumor microenvironment, sustained antigen stimulations from the environment could drive the differentiations of immune cells. (sinica.edu.tw)
NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. (springer.com)
Murine MC are divided into three subsets based on surface expression of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6C) ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were determined as the cellular effectors of GVHD, and the key role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in T-lymphocyte activation was established during the following years [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
B cell activation and B cell tolerance / Claudia Mauri, Venkat Reddy, and Paul A. Blair --- Non-antigen-specific recognition. (osu.cz)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
In our body, the function of T cells and B Cells is to recognize specific non-self antigens, during a process known as antigen presentation. (wellnessadvantage.com)
When an OV is armed with bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE), it also expresses and secretes a large quantity of BiTEs from infected cells, which can diffuse throughout the tumor tissue, activating T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells antigen-specifically. (mdpi.com)

Cytometric analysis determined that CD8⁺ T-cell populations were significantly elevated after treatments, with PBC increasing CD8⁺ T cells to a greater degree than either CWI or CON. (researchgate.net)
Here we employ a targeted single-cell multi-omics approach, combining protein and mRNA quantification, to generate a high-resolution map of the T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell populations in blood from SLE patients. (ox.ac.uk)
En revanche, les sous-populations NK CD57+ et/ou KIR+, faiblement représentées dans le répertoire de cellules NK, sont les plus efficaces contre les leucémies aigües myéloïdes (LAM). (theses.fr)
Flow cytometric analysis of major lymphocyte populations and their subsets reveals age-related changes in the cellular human immune system. (docressources.info)
We investigated the expression of immune checkpoints (ICs) on lymphoid populations within the CRC TME and compared with cells from normal colon tissues using samples from 50 patients with varying disease stages. (mdpi.com)
1-3 These nonoverlapping functions have been proposed to result from the actions of 2 major DC populations which have been characterized as myeloid and lymphoid DCs, respectively, on the basis of their anatomical localization and cell-surface phenotypes and, ultimately, of their distinct developmental origin. (ashpublications.org)
of various populations of NKR+ T cells whole blood were withdrawn from Natural killer (NK) cells are potent have been reported to be impaired in each participant on ethylenediamine- antiviral cells which eliminate the vi- chronic hepatitis C patients [16,21]. (who.int)

The T helper 2 (Th2) subset of CD4+ T helper cells secretes interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, which activates B cells and initiates the antibody response. (medscape.com)
Median survival was 45.81 months and patients of increased Tc cells, activated T helper cells(CD4 + CD25 + T cells or activated Th cells), activated Tc cells and normal CD4 + /CD8 + ratio presented encouraging outcomes (p = 0.007;0.016;0.028;0.016 respectively). (researchsquare.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
HIV infection is characterized by a decrease and, eventually, a depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes (helper T cells). (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, we identified additional alterations consistent with increased immune activation in this patient, most notably a shift towards terminally differentiated CD57+ CD8+ T cell and CD16+ NKdim phenotypes, and the presence of a subset of recently-activated naïve CD4+ T cells. (ox.ac.uk)

The percentages of T cells within the total lymphocyte population increase with age, in both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. (docressources.info)
Percentages of B and NK cells are higher in newborn infants than in adults. (docressources.info)

This article will discuss the regulation of cellular metabolism in NK cells as compared with that of T lymphocytes and discuss the implications for NK cell responses to viral infection and cancer. (silverchair.com)
Together, the findings of our study demonstrate the utility of comprehensive genomics analyses in implicating cell therapy products as a potential source contributing to the lytic HHV-6 infection that has been reported in clinical trials1,6-8 and may influence the design and production of autologous and allogeneic cell therapies. (bvsalud.org)
It is common to evaluate lymphocytes subsets in virus infection, immunodeficiency diseases and cancer. (researchsquare.com)
NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
As these are stress-molecules, released by cells upon viral infection, they serve to signal to the NK-cell the presence of viral pathogens. (wikidoc.org)
Patients deficient in NK cells prove to be highly susceptible to early phases of herpes virus infection. (wikidoc.org)
This infection and viral spread lead to oncolysis limited to infected cancer cells, and thus suboptimal efficacy. (mdpi.com)
The influence of HCMV co-infection on the considerable heterogeneity among NK cells and their functional responses to different stimuli was assessed in a cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals sampled during different stages of infection, compared with healthy subjects stratified according to HCMV serostatus. (ucl.ac.uk)
Together, these data suggest that HMCV infection/reactivation, a hallmark of HIV-1 infection, plays a role in driving a relative expansion of NK cells with adaptive features during HIV-1 infection. (ucl.ac.uk)
et 20 témoins en bonne santé ne présentant pas d'infection par le virus de l'hépatite C. Une réduction importante de la fréquence des cellules tueuses naturelles totales dans le groupe des patients porteurs d'une infection chronique a été observée par rapport au groupe des témoins ( P = 0,001) ou au groupe des patients dont l'infection a connu une résolution spontanée ( P = 0,01). (who.int)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)
In patients with CHS and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), the addition of rituximab has been reported to be a valuable adjunct to therapy, although in contrast to normal EBV infection, in HLH patients, the virus is also present in T cells. (medscape.com)

For recent decades, it has been recognized that malignant tumor cells potentially induce local and systemic immunosuppression 9 . (researchsquare.com)
instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
In our body, Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte is a lymphocyte type of white blood cell that shows a specificity for autologous tumor cells. (wellnessadvantage.com)

An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
Natural killer cells (or NK cells ) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the Innate immune system . (wikidoc.org)

PATHOGENESIS - ADA is a ubiquitous enzyme found in all cells, including red and white blood cells, and in the serum. (medilib.ir)
PLZF− NK cells from HIV-infected individuals had high expression of CD2, were Siglec-7 negative and exhibited downregulation of key signaling molecules, SYK and FcεRI-γ, overwhelmingly displaying features of adaptive NK cells that correlated with HCMV serum Ab levels. (ucl.ac.uk)

MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow (BM) cells remaining in the bag and filter used in the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. (springer.com)
T cell-replete haplo-identical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), using Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as a treatment for Graft-versus- Host-Disease (GvHD), constitute a potential curative treatment for leukemic patients without identical HLA donor. (theses.fr)
It is expressed in a variety of cell types including hematopoietic precursors, plasma cells, germinal center B cells (weakly), a subset of T and natural killer cells, erythrocytes, platelets, prostatic epithelium, and smooth and striated muscle cells. (practo.com)
Graft versus host disease (GVHD), a severe immunogenic complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), represents the most frequent cause of transplant-related mortality (TRM). (hindawi.com)
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the only curative modality for many hematological disorders. (hindawi.com)
The only treatment that cures the hematologic and immunologic defects is allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but this therapy does not prevent the progressive neurological dysfunction frequently observed during long-term follow up. (medscape.com)

The NK cells from dogs with symptomatic Lyme Disease showed a statistically enhanced inflammatory response, indicating that these cells may contribute to clinical disease. (pwdfoundation.org)
Cell therapies have yielded durable clinical benefits for patients with cancer, but the risks associated with the development of therapies from manipulated human cells are understudied. (bvsalud.org)
By analysing single-cell sequencing data from patients receiving cell therapy products that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration2 or are in clinical studies3-5, we identify the presence of HHV-6-super-expressor CAR T cells in patients in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
A recipient who is immunocompetent may mount an immune response to the donor antigens (i.e., alloimmunization), resulting in various clinical consequences, depending on the blood cells and specific antigens involved. (medscape.com)
Using IDT reagents, a team of Stanford University scientists led by Matthew Porteus, M.D., Ph.D., demonstrated robust results in correcting sickle-cell mutations in bone marrow stem cells, potentiating translation into clinical trials. (genengnews.com)
Due to their HLA-independent mode of action, allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application. (nature.com)
To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. (nature.com)
Furthermore, a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. (nature.com)
Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients. (nature.com)
Antiviral combination selection can be facilitated by insights regarding SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and cell cycle dynamics, supported by infectious disease and clinical pharmacology expert advice. (sun.ac.za)

NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)

This autosomal-recessive genetic disorder typically leads to a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with dysfunction of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells (T-B-NK- SCID) that presents in the first few months of life ( table 1 ). (medilib.ir)

abstract = "Objective The aim of this work was to evaluate the hypothesis that the distribution of circulating immune cell subsets, or their activation state, is significantly different between peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and healthy postpartum (HP) women. (uky.edu)
ABSTRACT Natural kil er (NK) cel s are key players in the immune response to viruses. (who.int)

Isolation, expansion, and characterization of natural killer cells and their precursors as a tool to study cancer immunosurveillance. (springer.com)
We also demonstrate that phenotypically and functionally equivalent myeloid precursors devoid of T-cell potential do exist in vivo in the postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)
1-5 In mice, DCs bearing the myeloid marker CD11b (Mac-1), but lacking CD8α, derive efficiently from myeloid precursors and represent the major DC subset in the periphery. (ashpublications.org)

Here, we show that the vaccine, termed SumayaVac-1 , elicited both a humoral and cellular immune response as well as a recall T cell memory. (nature.com)
Secondary immunodeficiency is acquired and is defined by loss or qualitative deficiency in cellular or humoral immune components that occurs as a result of a disease process or its therapy. (cdc.gov)

Especially, weakly simple medication are predicted to accumulate to a lesser degree inside cancer cells at steady state when extracellular pH is decreased. (pkainhibitors.com)
Also, it can be conceivable the favorable intracellular distribution Secretase inhibitors of weakly essential drugs within cancer cells with defective lysosomal acidification could offset the aforementioned unfavorable accumulation differences that could exist. (pkainhibitors.com)

the large granular lymphocytes and the small lymphocytes, with functionally distinct subsets that correlate with their appearance. (wellnessadvantage.com)

Understanding of molecular mechanisms in natural killer cell therapy. (springer.com)
It discusses the biological basis of disease at genetic, molecular, cellular, and epidemiologic levels and includes expanded coverage of autoinflammatory disease. (osu.cz)
Molecular Components of the Immune System The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)

The rapid reconstitution of certain NK cell subsets, such as those expressing NKG2A for example, seems to be associated with the reduction of relapse after PTCy-HSCT. (theses.fr)

Natural killer (NK) cells have key roles in anti-viral and anti-tumour immune responses. (silverchair.com)
Glycolysis is integrally linked to pro-inflammatory immune responses such that activated NK cells and effector T-cell subsets are reliant on sufficient glucose availability for maximal effector function. (silverchair.com)
The concept of autoinflammatory diseases / Monique Stoffels and Anna Simon -- Immune cells and immune responses. (osu.cz)
Once the T cells and B cells have identified an invader, the cells generate specific responses that are tailored to maximally eliminate specific pathogens or pathogen infected cells. (wellnessadvantage.com)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)
Unbiased transcriptomic screens showed increased NK cell activation in people with HIV, without B46, and simultaneous single-cell profiling of surface proteins and transcriptomes revealed a NK cell subset primed for increased responses in the absence of B46. (cdc.gov)

CD11b, as an integrin molecule on the surface of leukocytes, plays an important role in cell migration, adhesion, and transmigration across blood vessels, because it can bind to components of extracellular matrix and intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) on the endothelial surface. (wikipedia.org)
Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG 1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
Comparisons among age groups from newborn infants through adults reveal progressive declines in the absolute numbers of leukocytes, total lymphocytes, and T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. (docressources.info)
In our body's immune system , the Lymphocyte (Lymphoid Cell) is a type of white blood cell (wbc) (aka leukocytes) , derived from a common progenitor cell originating in the bone marrow, then formed in the lymphoid tissue, with nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. (wellnessadvantage.com)

When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
00:02:57.26 These are called natural antibodies because they're there without any known exposure 00:03:04.02 to a pig or any anything else, but nevertheless they're present in all human sera. (ibiology.org)
00:05:08.18 In the 1980s, immunoabsorption procedures were developed to get rid of natural antibodies, 00:05:15.16 and that prolonged graft survivals to hours. (ibiology.org)
B cells respond to pathogens by producing large quantities of antibodies which then neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. (wellnessadvantage.com)

Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

Our results show that NKG2A+ NK cell subsets are the most effective against acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) targets and represent the most frequent NK cell subsets in the NK cell repertoire. (theses.fr)
8 As these latter DCs derive from an intrathymic lymphoid-restricted progenitor able to generate also T, B, and NK cells, but not myeloid cells, upon transfer in vivo, 5 , 9 , 10 they have hitherto been considered of lymphoid origin. (ashpublications.org)
In our body's immune system , the Lymphocytes (Lymphoid Cells) are the cornerstone of the adaptive immune system , that plays an integral role in our body's defenses. (wellnessadvantage.com)

The expression of the activation markers interleukin-2R and HLA-DR on T cells increases with age, as does the NK-associated expression of CD57 on CD8 cells. (docressources.info)

NK cells have been seen as potential agents in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. (springer.com)
Natural killer cell adoptive immunotherapy: Coming of age. (springer.com)
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. (nature.com)
In this respect, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors to unleash the activity of tumor-reactive T cells has been a milestone in cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)

His current research directions focus on applying multi-omic single cell analysis platforms to investigate how the immune system responds to sustained stimulations in the context of infections, cancers or degenerative diseases. (sinica.edu.tw)
Background: The characterisation of the peripheral immune system in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at the single-cell level has been limited by the reduced sensitivity of current whole-transcriptomic technologies. (ox.ac.uk)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
The immune system is comprised of highly specialized q The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and cells, tissues, and organs that give the human body the do not necessarily represent the views of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (cdc.gov)

The present study had aimed to evaluate the effect of a feeder layer of irradiated MSCs in the in vitro expansion of NK cells. (springer.com)

In the lab, we have analyzed the percentage of Natural Killer immune cells and some markers of the activation state of these NK cells in the blood. (pwdfoundation.org)
The proportion of CD4 cells bearing the CD45RA and Leu-8 markers is consistently lower in adults than in children. (docressources.info)
They were named "natural killers" because of the initial notion that they do not require activation in order to kill cells that are missing "self" markers of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I . However, it is now known that the cells are activated. (wikidoc.org)

Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts of 28 patients with pandemic (H1N1) 2009, China. (cdc.gov)

Immunological and translational aspects of NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapies. (springer.com)

By taking advantage of the multiparametric multi-omic single cell analysis platforms, thorough characterization of complex cellular samples could be achieved. (sinica.edu.tw)

This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
00:03:11.16 And what those can do, if you do a transplant from a pig to an old-world primate, 00:03:18.28 is they can immediately bind to the endothelial cells at the graft, fix complement, and cause 00:03:25.15 hyperacute rejection, or a more delayed form of rejection called delayed xenograft rejection. (ibiology.org)

Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. (nature.com)

Ly6C low MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)

Shaping of natural killer cell antitumor activity by ex vivo cultivation. (springer.com)

The main challenge for the success of this approach is to obtain a great quantity of activated NK cells for adoptive transfer. (springer.com)

Anatomy35

Organisms9

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes27

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Lymphocyte subsets7

Macrophages14

Receptors16

Differentiation11

Dendritic8

Flow cytometry2

Immunology1

Phenotype6

Monocytes1

Cytotoxicity6

CD167

Tumors12

Role of NK cells3

Cytokines9

Receptor7

Immunity7

Cytotoxic T cel4

Invariant natural killer T cel1

CD567

Proliferation4

Leukocyte3

Mononuclear cells2

Antigen8

Populations7

Helper4

Terminally differentiated1

Percentages2

Infection12

Tumor cells4

Innate2

Serum2

Hematopoietic6

Clinical10

Prognosis1

Combined immunodeficiency1

Abstract2

Precursors3

Humoral2

Weakly2

Distinct1

Molecular3

HSCT1

Responses6

Leukocytes4

Antibodies4

Inflammation1

Lymphoid3

Interleukin1

Immunotherapy4

Immune system4

Expansion of NK cells1

Markers3

Cytometric1

Immunological1

Characterization1

Endothelial cells2

Allogeneic1

Signaling1

Vivo1

Adoptive1