Cellular membranes sterol carrier protein 2 protein carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The human sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) is a basic protein that is believed to participate in the intracellular transport of cholesterol and various other lipids. (wikipedia.org)
Lipids are the major structural elements of all biological membranes, serving as signaling molecules within and between cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Often starting as a phagosome in the endocytic compartment, these bacteria-occupied vacuoles transition into organelles with novel molecular features via remodeling of host proteins and lipids through the highly coordinated actions of bacterial factors [3] [5] . (microbialcell.com)
therefore, host lipids and their biosynthesis pathways have emerged as critical regulators of intracellular replication for vacuolar pathogens both as organelle membrane building blocks as well as nutrients [8] [9] . (microbialcell.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
Hippocampal lipids were not significantly affected by APOE genotype, however levels of myelin-enriched sulfatides and hexosylceramides were significantly lower, and polyunsaturated phospholipids were higher, in rs1990622-A carriers after controlling for APOE genotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study demonstrates that TMEM106B protein abundance is increased with brain ageing in humans, establishes that dementia risk allele rs1990622-A predisposes to TMEM106B fibril formation in the hippocampus, and provides the first evidence that rs1990622-A affects brain lipid homeostasis, particularly myelin lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
These results point to a unique requirement towards lipids at the FMDV replication membranes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Most antimicrobial peptides are cationic amphiphilic compounds that function by binding to the negatively charged lipids of bacterial membranes, followed by membrane disruption. (rsc.org)
Multiple thermotropic phase transitions in Escherichia coli membranes and membrane lipids. (houstonmethodist.org)

Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The availability of cholesterol constitutes the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis and is regulated by STARD1 which transfers cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane 5 . (nature.com)
Fatty liver is associated with reduced SIRT3 activity and mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation. (tamu.edu)
subunit alpha of MPP mitochondrial signal peptidase heterodimer","protein_coding" "Zm00001e017599_P001","No alias","Zea mays","Protein disulfide isomerase-like 2-2 OS=Oryza sativa subsp. (ntu.edu.sg)

In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this CCM is initiated and maintained by the pH gradient created across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes by photosystem (PS) II-mediated electron transport. (lookformedical.com)

An important regulator of cellular cholesterol content is the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) pathway, which controls, by transcriptional regulation, the uptake of cholesterol via LDL-receptor and several steps in the de novo synthesis of cholesterol. (biomedcentral.com)

Cholesterol accumulation in membranes of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) results in a down-regulation of the SREBP pathway and subsequently in the repression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase (Hmgcr), the rate limiting enzyme of the de novo cholesterol biosynthesis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III beta and oxysterol-binding protein accumulate unesterified cholesterol on poliovirus-induced membrane structure. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Oxysterol-binding protein family I is the target of minor enviroxime-like compounds. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The oxysterol-binding protein superfamily: new concepts and old proteins. (tamu.edu)

Mitochondria receive cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs) or from the plasma membrane for production of oxysterols and steroid hormones. (nature.com)
Continuous delivery of a portion of cellular cholesterol to mitochondria ensures synthesis of cholesterol-derived sterols, like oxysterols and steroid hormones via mitochondria-localized oxidoreductases. (nature.com)
In addition, plasma from FH patients contains elevated amounts of sterols and oxysterols. (biomedcentral.com)

In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
MHC proteins play a pivotal role in the induction and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. (silverchair.com)

This process depends on the endo-lysosomal sterol transfer protein Niemann Pick C2 (NPC2). (nature.com)

The PIN proteins are fine-tuned at multiple levels, including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional modification, intracellular recycling and vacuolar trafficking for degradation, in response to endogenous and exogenous signals. (chinbullbotany.com)
Thus, intracellular bacteria frequently encode the capacity to regulate host lipogenesis as well as to modulate the lipid composition of host membranes. (microbialcell.com)
Here we investigated the link between cellular cholesterol and L. pneumophila intracellular replication and discovered that disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis or cholesterol trafficking lowered bacterial replication in infected cells. (microbialcell.com)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
Part of cellular calcium is sequestered in intracellular organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle cells and in mitochondria. (abdominalkey.com)

One membrane component that is often subverted by vacuolar bacteria is cholesterol - an abundant lipid that mammalian cells produce de novo at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or acquire exogenously from serum-derived lipoprotein carriers. (microbialcell.com)
Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)

The limited changes in gene regulation suggest that individuals have reduced genome plasticity to tolerate thermal fluctuations and consequently may not have enough energy to repair damage and resume cellular homeostasis at extreme temperatures. (frontiersin.org)
Host membranes are inherently critical for niche homeostasis of vacuolar pathogens. (microbialcell.com)
Rewiring of cellular membrane homeostasis by picornaviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)

For the enteroviruses, replication organelles form at Golgi membranes in a process that utilizes PI4KIIIβ. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Cholesterol trafficking between sterol-rich organelles, such as the PM and endosomes and metabolically active but sterol-poor organelles, like ER and mitochondria, is very important, as the two latter harbor the molecular machinery to sense cellular cholesterol abundance and to convert cholesterol into essential sterol metabolites, respectively 4 . (nature.com)
The pathway also supplies important precursor metabolites including 2-oxoglutarate. (easyomics.org)

The sequence encoded a novel protein rich in alanine (25%) and proline (20%), which contained regions similar to proteins of comparable amino acid composition such as extracellular matrix components or the membrane-cytoskeletal linker synapsin. (lookformedical.com)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

The calcium ion is essential to any physiologic phenomena, including preservation of the integrity of cellular membranes, neuromuscular activity, regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretory activities, blood coagulation, activation of the complement system, and bone metabolism. (abdominalkey.com)

The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)

The direction of auxin flow between cells is closely related to the polar localization of PIN proteins in cells. (chinbullbotany.com)

metabolism of this heme-free eukaryote, we searched for heme- There are only a few examples of facultatively anaerobic or containing proteins in its de novo sequenced genome and exam-ined several cellular processes for which heme has so far been con- pathogenic bacteria that do not require heme (10-12), but no sidered indispensable. (medicinelakex1.com)
The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis eleganslacks the capacity to synthesize heme but is able to take it from the cytochromes respiration sterols protist bacteria it feeds on (15). (medicinelakex1.com)

Primig, M.: Integrated RNA- and protein profiling of fermentation and respiration in diploid budding yeast provides insight into nutrient control of cell growth and development. (tu-dresden.de)

Transcriptional analysis of ACBP-deficient parasites revealed differentially expressed genes involved in a wide range of biological processes such as lipid metabolism, posttranslational modification, and membrane biogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
In soluble guanylyl cyclase, heme serves as a protein cofactor for fundamental cellular processes, such as as the nitric oxide sensor, and thus plays an important role in electron transport in the respiratory chain, oxidative stress re- signal transduction. (medicinelakex1.com)
Her research interests are ion transport, lipid binding, membrane processes and medicinal applications of supramolecular systems. (rsc.org)

We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
Even if amino acids are biologically present in a place, no protein can form spontaneously. (questionsonislam.com)

Here we reviewed the research progress of PIN protein in Arabidopsis thaliana and cereal crops from the aspects of protein structure, activity regulation and functional verification to provide new ideas and clues for exploring the auxin polar transport mediated by PIN protein family. (chinbullbotany.com)
The present study characterizes an inhibitor of endomembrane protein trafficking, TE1 (trafficking and endocytosis inhibitor 1/TENin1) that reduces gravitropic root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (portlandpress.com)

These include genes of proteins that are involved in the uptake, biosynthesis, disposition, and cellular efflux of cholesterol. (biomedcentral.com)

B)Structural model of PIN protein with a short HL. (chinbullbotany.com)
A cysteine-rich metal-binding domain from rubella virus non-structural protein is essential for viral protease activity and virus replication. (tamu.edu)
Determinations are best made on freshly separated serum, because heparin creates complexes with calcium, and the presence of fibrin may interfere with the structural integrity of the porous membrane used in the procedure. (abdominalkey.com)

Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
Measuring muscle protein synthesis in humans and the influence of nutritional state. (tamu.edu)

DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
Transport by partitioning is distinct from both bulk flow and receptor-mediated transport, because differently from bulk flow, cargo can be concentrated in transport carriers, yet the concentrating process does not depend on specific cargo receptors ( Fig. 1 and Box 1 ). (biologists.com)
Here, we report that MHC I and MHC II were internalized by separate endocytic carriers that lacked transferrin receptor. (silverchair.com)

The polar transport of auxin mainly depends on three transporters: AUX/LAX, PIN and ABCB protein families. (chinbullbotany.com)
Auxin gradients are established and maintained by polarized distribution of auxin transporters that undergo constitutive endocytic recycling from the PM (plasma membrane) and are essential for the gravitropic response in plants. (portlandpress.com)

Sterol carrier proteins (also known as nonspecific lipid transfer proteins) is a family of proteins that transfer steroids and probably also phospholipids and gangliosides between cellular membranes. (wikipedia.org)

I have been intrigued by the activity of antimicrobial peptides for a long time, due to my interest in biological membranes. (rsc.org)
During my own PhD that focused on the development of small neutral molecules that can transport chloride anions across biological membranes, we often observed binding to the lipid headgroup in molecular dynamics modelling. (rsc.org)

We suppose that p210 is involved in linking basal bodies to the plasma membrane, which is an important step during ciliogenesis. (lookformedical.com)
Western Blot: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - Detection of SR-BI in rat H4IIE total cell lysates and plasma membrane proteins. (novusbio.com)
The very steep gradient is maintained by an energy-driven calcium pump, known as the plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase (PMCA). (abdominalkey.com)
The results of cell surface biotinylation and subsequent DRM isolation show that precursors for both DRMs coexist in the plasma membrane. (silverchair.com)

2). In aerobic organisms that produce energy mainly through Some kinetoplastids that parasitize insects obtain heme from their oxidative phosphorylation, most of the synthesized heme is used bacterial endosymbionts, which can be eliminated by antibiotic for the formation of the cytochromes functioning in the electron treatment, turning these protists into heme auxotrophs (17). (medicinelakex1.com)
Antimicrobial peptides have long been hailed as a solution to the antibiotic resistance crisis, because they target the bacterial membrane and can cause quick bactericidal activity in bacterial cells. (rsc.org)
While binding to the lipid headgroup is detrimental for anion transport, I hypothesized that binding to the headgroup can provide membrane selectivity (e.g., bacterial membranes over human membranes) and can induce membrane perturbations similar to those observed for antimicrobial peptides. (rsc.org)

Lasting MCSs between endo-lysosomes containing NPC2 and mitochondria move by slow anomalous sub-diffusion, providing location and time for sterol transport between both organelles. (nature.com)
Picornaviruses form replication complexes in association with membranes in structures called replication organelles. (microbiologyresearch.org)
RNA viruses rewire cellular pathways to build replication organelles. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)

Dr. Jacobs described Vaccinia viruses deficient in E3L, a regulator of the cellular antiviral response and noted their potential for the production of improved vaccines. (cdc.gov)

SYP7 group Qc-type SNARE protein","protein_coding" "MA_10436714g0010","No alias","Picea abies","acyl-CoA thioesterase","protein_coding" "MA_135972g0010","No alias","Picea abies","Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3 OS=Oryza sativa subsp. (ntu.edu.sg)

Conserved residues that modulate protein trans-splicing of Npu DnaE split intein. (tamu.edu)

Proteins found in any species of algae. (lookformedical.com)
In preferred forms the cardiolipin is cardiolipin species (C18:2)4. (justia.com)

In contrast, the thermally sensitive population exhibited higher basal levels of heat shock proteins and had three times fewer changes in gene expression overall. (frontiersin.org)
A 210 kDa protein is located in a membrane-microtubule linker at the distal end of mature and nascent basal bodies. (lookformedical.com)
A monoclonal antibody raised against purified flagellar basal apparatuses from the green flagellate Spermatozopsis similis reacted with a protein of 210 kDa (p210) in western blots. (lookformedical.com)
Using a polyclonal antibody (anti-p210) raised against the C-terminal part of p210, it was shown that the protein was highly enriched in the basal apparatuses. (lookformedical.com)
During deflagellation the protein remained at the basal body but we observed changes in its distribution, indicating that p210 partially moved to the tip of the basal body. (lookformedical.com)

Encodes a hydrophilic protein similar to Late Embryogenesis Activated (LEA) proteins expressed during embryogenesis, which are thought to be involved in the acquisition of dessication tolerance. (or.jp)
The PIN protein contains a central hydrophilic loop (HL) and two separated hydrophobic regions, and the multiple phosphorylation sites on HL are the targets of protein kinases. (chinbullbotany.com)

Collectively, we provide experimental evidence that cellular cholesterol promotes L. pneumophila replication within a membrane bound organelle in infected macrophages. (microbialcell.com)
Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)

FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)

In a paper published in 1825, this pharmacist stated that physicians and other persons attending patients with contagious diseases would benefit from moistening their hands with a liquid chloride solution ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

[2] For,proteins cannot come into being without software (DNA or gene). (questionsonislam.com)
The increase in TMEM106B levels with ageing was specific to carriers of the rs1990622-A allele in the TMEM106B gene that increases risk for frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and hippocampal sclerosis with ageing. (biomedcentral.com)

We devise a protocol to determine the surface fraction of endo-lysosomes in contact with mitochondria and show that this fraction does not depend on functional NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. (nature.com)

A critical role of a cellular membrane traffic protein in poliovirus RNA replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)

mouse-adcl3 Mus musculus (Mouse) Arylacetamide deacetylase-like 3 , mouse-adcl4 Mus musculus (Mouse) Arylacetamide deacetylase-like 4 Hypothetical esterase/lipase/thioesterase family active site containing protein , mouse-aryla Mus musculus (Mouse) arylacetamide deacetylase and 5033417e09rik protein , mouse-b1avu7 Mus musculus (Mouse). (inrae.fr)

Opioid receptors regulate ion channels controlling K and Ca cur- rents though direct coupling with G proteins. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)

Using the intrinsically fluorescent cholesterol analog, cholestatrienol, we directly observe sterol transport to mitochondria in fibroblasts upon treating NPC2 deficient human fibroblasts with NPC2 protein. (nature.com)

Variations in serum protein alter proportionately the concentration of the protein-bound and total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
An increase in serum albumin concentration of 1 g/dL increases protein-bound calcium by 0.8 mg/dL, whereas an increase of 1 g/dL of globulin increases protein-bound calcium by 0.16 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
Marked changes in serum sodium concentration also affect the protein binding of calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
Thus, serum water is forced across the membrane, and the ultrafiltrate is analyzed for calcium concentration and then corrected for total serum solids. (abdominalkey.com)

Plant sterols are well known for their effects on blood cholesterol levels, however research into their potential role in mitigating cancer risk remains in its infancy. (mdpi.com)
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women and there remains a need for effective adjuvant therapies for this disease, for which plant sterols may play a distinctive role. (mdpi.com)
He also showed that double-stranded (ds)RNA- and ZDNA binding proteins had a role in poxvirus pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)

As early as 1822, a French pharmacist demonstrated that solutions containing chlorides of lime or soda could eradicate the foul odors associated with human corpses and that such solutions could be used as disinfectants and antiseptics ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy25

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs138

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes50

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Health Care3

Lipids10

SCP21

Mitochondrial3

Chloroplast thylakoid1

Regulatory element binding1

SREBP1

Oxysterol-binding3

Oxysterols3

Pivotal role2

Lysosomal1

Intracellular5

Endoplasmic reticulum2

Homeostasis3

Golgi1

Metabolites2

Extracellular3

Neuromuscular1

Adaptor1

Localization1

Bacteria2

Respiration1

Processes3

Amino2

Arabidopsis2

Biosynthesis1

Structural3

Synthesis2

Receptor4

Transporters2

Phospholipids1

Biological2

Plasma4

Bacterial3

Organelles3

Pathway2

Regulator1

Domain-contain1

Residues1

Species2

Basal5

Hydrophilic2

Macrophages2

Interactions2

Chloride1

Gene2

Functional1

Replication1

Thioesterase1

Regulate1

Deficient1

Concentration4

Role3

Human1