Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

MAPKs are involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array os stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines regulating cell functions including proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
c-IAP2 (inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2) belongs to IAPs family and besides exerting antiapoptotic effects through its interaction with multiple cytokines, it participates in inflammation, immunity and mitogenic kinase signal transduction, cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis also. (novusbio.com)
Then, the relatively insensitive gastric cancer cell lines (MGC-803 and BGC-823) were treated with low concentrations of chidamide alone, bortezomib alone, or chidamide and bortezomib combination to detect the effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. (dovepress.com)
Compared with low-dose chidamide or bortezomib alone, the low-dose drug combination significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MGC-803 and BGC-823 cells and induced apoptosis of the cells. (dovepress.com)
Tumour growth results from an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Present study was designed to determine the impact of cadmium on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, and to investigate the possible involvement of p53 and MAPKs signaling pathways in J774A.1 murine macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Cd inhibited cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
By regulating the expression of several genes in host liver cells, NS5A also induces cellular proliferation, and influences the curative effect of interferon ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We evaluated the influence of T315 on the manifestation of pThr173-ILK and total ILK, as well as proteins regulating cell proliferation and survival in AML cells (Physique 2). (exposed-skin-care.net)
More importantly, the cellular factors affected by the HBV also modulate various biological processes, including innate immune response, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, and play vital roles in the development of liver diseases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This experiment intends to activate the oxidative stress response by H2O2, regulate the autophagy level of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and observe the effect of autophagy on the proliferation and apoptosis of hMSCs under oxidative stress. (researchsquare.com)
Protein transport between the nuclear and the cytoplasmic compartment is a key factor for cell viability and proliferation. (massgeneral.org)
This cascade is highly regulated and impacts virtually all cellular processes including cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. (soci.org)
Specify the components and their interactions and set up cluding proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic the system of equations. (lu.se)
ABSTRACT This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. (who.int)

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation pathway involving the digestion of intracellular components via the lysosomal pathway. (mdpi.com)
It also acts as a cellular defense mechanism against microorganisms by contributing to both the innate and adaptive immunity, and by eliminating intracellular pathogens (xenophagy). (mdpi.com)
S1P has been implicated in regulating cell differentiation, calcium mobilization from intracellular stores, and apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
MDR-associated protein 1 is a protein that has a big impact on the intracellular availability of MDR-prone medicines[ 6 , 7 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Surprisingly, inhibition of caspase activity using z-VAD.fmk, a universal peptide inhibitor of caspases, failed to significantly extend viability in batch culture although it did prevent cleavage of known intracellular caspase substrates. (mit.edu)
We therefore obtained insights into intracellular signal transduction kinetics and their population-based heterogeneities for chemotherapy/TL32711 combinations and provide proof-of-concept that mathematical modelling of apoptosis competency can simulate and predict responsiveness in vivo. (rcsi.com)
Current projects explore the modes of action of biologically active natural products to investigate intracellular signalling pathways and identify novel targets for drug design and has pioneered the use of small molecules to control intracellular protein levels. (soci.org)

cIAP1 is recruited to TNF receptor complexes where they support cell survival through NF-κB activation while suppressing apoptosis by preventing caspase activation. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, we reported that celastrol potentiated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis, affected activation of caspase-8, caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, and inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 and 2 (cIAP1 and cIAP2), cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). (spandidos-publications.com)
Autophagy represents a caspase-independent process characterized by accumulation of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm and their subsequent fusion with lysosomes for degradation of unused or misfolded proteins or damaged structures such as ribosomes (ribophagy) and mitochondria (mitophagy). (aging-us.com)
Triple point mutants, unable to bind caspase 9, caspase 3, and DIABLO/HtrA2/Omi, were completely ineffectual in inhibiting apoptosis. (rupress.org)
Furthermore, it was confirmed that Beclin 1 expression by NS5A was involved in the negative regulation of starvation‑induced liver cancer apoptosis, which was accompanied by reduced p53 and apoptosis regulator Bax expression, as well as decreased caspase‑3/-7 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Testosterone levels315 Induces Apoptosis, Caspase Account activation and (PARP) Cleavage in AML Cell Lines In purchase to determine if PARP cleavage and caspase account activation take place in Testosterone levels315-mediated cytotoxicity, HL-60 and THP-1 cells had been incubated with Testosterone levels315 at 0, 1, 2 or 3 mol/M for 24 l. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Body 3 Testosterone levels315-mediated cytotoxicity is certainly reliant on caspase account activation and apoptosis. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Protein draw out of 20 g from … In order to further validate the caspase-3 activation induced by T315, Doramapimod HL-60 cells were incubated with T315 for 24 h with or without pretreatment of 50 mol/T Z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK), a pan-caspase inhibitor (Physique 3D). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Apoptosis induction potential of each compound determined by mitochondrial membrane potential analysis (Rho123), cleaved caspase-3 expression analysis by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining and cell morphology analysis by giemza, hematoxylin and eosin and Papanicolaou protocols. (ijpsonline.com)
up-regulated Beclin1, mTOR, LC3A/B and Cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and down-regulated p-mTOR Protein expression level. (researchsquare.com)
up-regulated the protein expression of Beclin1, mTOR, LC3A/B and Cleaved caspase-3 Down-regulate the expression of p-mTOR protein. (researchsquare.com)
Apoptosis is induced through the mitochondrial pathway resulting in caspase-9 activation and downstream caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
WNV has been reported in infected caspase-9 (DN caspase-9) construct, and cleavage of pro- mothers' breast milk, and WNV transmission by organ trans- caspase-9 protein was determined by Western blot analysis plantation and transfusion has been documented. (cdc.gov)

The activation of this pathway stops the noncanonical one and simultaneously the apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
The autophagic pathway constitutively maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling cytoplasmic organelles and proteins, but it is also stimulated by environmental stress conditions, such as starvation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of misfolded proteins. (mdpi.com)
With its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity via interaction with several proteins such as RIPK1, RIPK2, RIPK3, RIPK4, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, TRAF1, BCL10 etc., c-IAP2 can regulate NFkB signaling - positive regulation of canonical and negative regulation of non-canonical pathway. (novusbio.com)
These proteins take part in the fusion pathway in two consecutive steps. (centrodinoferrari.com)
Despite a large number of promising inhibitors for Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, recent works show that cancer cells often develop an autophagy-dependent resistance to inhibitors of Ras pathway [ 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
A central adaptor protein of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway is NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), which activates the downstream kinase IKKα to process p100 to p52, thereby forming the RelB/p52 heterodimer to initiate the expression of target genes. (xiahepublishing.com)
Currently, many specific inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting or triggering this pathway are being developed and tested for various diseases, including cancers, autoimmune diseases, and virus infection. (xiahepublishing.com)
Using these results, a pathway for apoptosis in CHO cells, focusing on the caspases and bcl-2, was suggested. (mit.edu)
Protein turnover is crucial in maintaining cellular homeostasis and this process is largely controlled by the Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP). (soci.org)
The pathway consists of an enzymatic cascade that links the polypeptide cofactor Ubiquitin to specific protein targets, which mark them for degradation by the proteasome. (soci.org)
In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)

They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this model, the senescence-sensitive promoter from the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A ( Cdkn2a ) gene, also known as p16 INK4a , drives expression of 3MR, a fusion protein that is composed of luciferase and red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporters and herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase, which converts ganciclovir (GCV) into an apoptosis inducer. (jax.org)
Testosterone levels315, an integrin-linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor, provides been proven to suppress the growth of breasts cancers, abdomen chronic and tumor lymphocytic leukemia cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
T315 Induces Down-Regulation of Protein Kinase W (Akt) and Phosphorylated Akt in AML Cell Lines T315 has been reported as an ILK inhibitor [2]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
There was no switch in protein reflection of extracellular signalCregulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) Doramapimod Doramapimod and phosphorylated ERK1/2 after Testosterone levels315 treatment. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Body 2 Testosterone levels315 induce dephosphorylation of proteins kinase T (Akt) without transformation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in AML cell lines. (exposed-skin-care.net)
For death-receptor-induced necroptosis, the protein kinase receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) are the key components of the necroptosis machinery [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
NEMO/IKK -gamma is the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor kappa kinase (IKK) complex and is required for the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (NF-kB). (medscape.com)

Targeted protein degradation through chemical hijacking of E3 ubiquitin ligases is an emerging concept in precision medicine. (nature.com)
UBE2N promotes degradation of cIAP1 induced by cIAP1 ligands and subsequent cancer cell apoptosis. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: UBE2N promotes degrader-induced cIAP1 degradation and apoptosis. (nature.com)
Plasticity of the cullin-RING ligase repertoire shapes sensitivity to ligand-induced protein degradation. (nature.com)
Jan, M., Sperling, A. S. & Ebert, B. L. Cancer therapies based on targeted protein degradation-lessons learned with lenalidomide. (nature.com)
These include the loss of proliferative control, enhanced cellular migration and invasion, extracellular matrix degradation, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and vascular invasion followed by the distant seeding of tumor cells in specific tissues, such as the liver or lung. (aacrjournals.org)
Expression of partial sequences of BRO-A proved that theN-terminal 80 amino acid residues were required for DNA binding activity.We also demonstrated that BmNPV BRO proteins underwent phosphorylation andubiquitination followed by proteasome degradation, which may explain theirdistribution in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates the expression levels of cellular proteins by ubiquitination of protein substrates followed by their degradation via the proteasome. (biomedcentral.com)
As a highly conserved cellular degradation mechanism, the UPS affects a variety of biological processes and participates in viral propagation. (biomedcentral.com)
On the one hand, the UPS acts as a host defense mechanism to selectively recognize HBV proteins as well as special cellular proteins that favor the viral life cycle and induces their ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation to limit HBV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Insulin degradation was sharply reduced by adding sodium glycocholate, an amino-peptidase inhibitor, suggesting that amino-peptidases play a major role in insulin degradation in CHO fed-batch cultures. (mit.edu)
Substantial efforts are already under way to design drugs that harness cellular machinery for the degradation of specific targets, a strategy known as targeted protein degradation (TPD). (news-medical.net)

It is immunotoxic in vivo and induces apoptosis in many cultured cells. (cdc.gov)

It belongs to the IAP family of proteins and therefore contains at least one BIR (baculoviral IAP repeat) domain. (wikipedia.org)

Liu et al ( 13 ) reported that Beclin 1 gene deletion by either RNA interference or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (MA) significantly enhances melatonin-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatoma H22 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
They were divided into blank group (with medium only), 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) pretreatment group (with 2 ml of 5 mM 3-MA medium), H2O2 Intervention group (add 2ml medium containing 0.05mM H2O2), H2O2+3-MA treatment group (add 2ml medium containing 5mM 3-MA, then add 2ml medium containing 0.05mM H2O2). (researchsquare.com)

cIAP1 is a multi-functional protein which can be found in the cytoplasm of cells and in the nucleus of tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
In healthy cells the protein is usually found in the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
When a cell is tumorous it does not cease to proliferate inhibiting the apoptosis, as a result, in cancerous cells cIAP1 is rarely located in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Phagocytosis of invading microorganisms by immune cells was first discovered by the father of cellular immunology Ilya Metchnikoff in 1882, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize. (frontiersin.org)
In TE7 cells, these TGF-β1-induced changes were reversed by 100 ng/mL of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), another member of the TGF-β1 superfamily. (aacrjournals.org)
This basic two-step process has been confirmed in most mammalian cells, although its regulation and the repertoire of specific accessory proteins are likely to be highly context dependent. (centrodinoferrari.com)
Western blot analysis and real-time PCR showed that celastrol dose-dependently suppressed TNF-α-induced MMP-9 gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Jin ML, Park SY, Kim YH, Park G and Lee SJ: Halofuginone induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits migration via downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. (spandidos-publications.com)
In their study, the Campisi team developed a transgenic mouse model to label and eliminate cells undergoing cellular senescence. (jax.org)
Co-Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells with Mscs Expressing Trail and Iap Inhibitors Reduce Trail Resistance and Production of Trail-Induced Cytokines. (essex.ac.uk)
2021). The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells . (essex.ac.uk)
We studied whether cellular senescence induced by HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1a+cHa-Ras -transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (ERas) and A549 human Ki-Ras mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells would enhance the tumor suppressor effect of MEK/ERK inhibition. (aging-us.com)
Treatment of control ERas cells with PD0325901 for 24 h results in mitochondria damage and apoptotic death of a part of cellular population. (aging-us.com)
Results suggested that p53 is not involved in Cd-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in J774A.1 cells. (cdc.gov)
The mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition by NS5A in liver cancer cells remains unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
It was found that inhibition of autophagy attenuated the NS5A‑mediated apoptosis inhibition of HepG2 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, NS5A significantly increases the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclin D1 and nuclear factor-κB, but decreases p53 protein expression in HepG2 cells ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Increasing amounts of evidence indicate that autophagy is induced by a number of stressors in tumor cells, such as starvation, growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, damage stimulation and therapeutic drugs, and is an important survival mechanism in response to cellular stress ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This research displays that autophagic cell loss of life and apoptosis cooperatively contribute to the anticancer activity of Testosterone levels315 in AML cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
T315 treatment did not switch the protein manifestation of pThr173-ILK and total ILK in either HL-60 or THP-1 cells (Physique 2A). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Cells (0.25 106 cells/mL) had been treated with T315 at the indicated focus or DMSO for 24 they would, and 20 g proteins … 2.3. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Treatment with Testosterone levels315 for 24 l activated dose-dependent boosts in microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light stores 3B (LC3C)-II reflection in HL-60 and THP-1 cells (Amount 4A). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Apoptosis regulator protein which may function as a crucial link between cell survival and cell death pathways in mammalian cells. (ningbobio.com)
MLKL activation also leads to the protease, ADAMs-mediated ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins of necroptotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we report that the ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins of necroptotic cells is critical for the promoting effect of tumor necroptosis in tumor metastasis through inhibiting the anti-tumor activity of T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
As a necrotic cell death, the rupture of cell plasma membrane of necroptotic cells results in the release of many cellular factors of necroptotic cells, which may trigger inflammation and immune responses [ 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. (oaepublish.com)
In the cell morphology analyzes, chromatin condensation and marginalization, changes in the cell membrane, ghost cells and apoptotic bodies were observed as evidence of apoptosis formation. (ijpsonline.com)
A majority of CHO cells in culture were found to die by apoptosis, a genetically controlled form of cellular suicide. (mit.edu)
Protein synthesis inhibition in CHO cells led to rapid death, indicating that CHO cells were pre-disposed to death and that survival proteins needed to be continuously synthesized to protect cells from death. (mit.edu)
Caspases, a class of proteins found to be universally important in inducing apoptosis, were found to be activated in apoptotic CHO cells. (mit.edu)
The loss of insulin was concurrent with the accumulation of cells in the GO/G1 state and an increase in expression levels ofp53, a well-documented growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing gene. (mit.edu)
To observe the effect of H2O2 induced oxidative stress on autophagy and apoptosis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). (researchsquare.com)
Semithin (1.0-µm) sections resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
Cells that retain IKK activity may produce additional cytokines that trigger apoptosis in neighboring IKK-deficient cells, thus creating an amplification loop that eventually results in the death of all of the IKK-deficient cells. (medscape.com)
BP act in the regulation of osteoclast function by decreasing bone resorption by different mechanisms, inhibiting the development of their precursor cells, increasing apoptosis rate, stimulating inhibitor factors and reducing its activity 28 . (bvsalud.org)

These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
Full length and shorter isoforms have been shown either to induce apoptosis or to reduce TNFRSF-triggered apoptosis. (ningbobio.com)

XIAP, X-linked mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis protein. (rupress.org)
The X-linked mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) has been shown to bind several partners. (rupress.org)
Beclin l, the mammalian counterpart of the yeast Atg6 gene, is an essential protein in autophagy ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

According to a previous study, NS5A inhibits cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Thus, the present study hypothesized that NS5A inhibits apoptosis by inducing Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)

Under oxidative stress, the effects of maltol on cell viability, apoptosis, and neurite outgrowth were assessed. (molvis.org)
Under oxidative stress conditions, hMSCs can promote protective autophagy and reduce cell apoptosis or the level of apoptosis caused by excessive autophagy. (researchsquare.com)

Genes predicting interactions with host cellular mechanismsinclude homologues of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein, stress responseprotein phosphatase 2C, extracellular matrixin metalloproteases,ubiquitin, calcium binding EF-hand protein, glycosyltransferase, and atriacylglyceride lipase. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Simulating and predicting cellular and in vivo responses of colon cancer to combined treatment with chemotherapy and IAP antagonist Birinapant/TL32711. (rcsi.com)
In vivo, apoptosis protein expression was significantly altered, and mathematical modelling for these conditions predicted higher apoptosis resistance that could nevertheless be overcome by combination of chemotherapy and TL32711. (rcsi.com)
Crawford N, Salvucci M, Hellwig CT, Lincoln FA, Mooney RE, O'Connor CL, Prehn JH, Longley DB, Rehm M.Simulating and predicting cellular and in vivo responses of colon cancer to combined treatment with chemotherapy and IAP antagonist Birinapant/TL32711. (rcsi.com)
Within this analysis, we reveal the efficiency and tolerability from the pan HDACi pracinostat in different in vitro and also in vivo types of AML, and display synergistic benefits at a number of concentrations in conjunction with the JAK2/FLT-3 inhibitor pacritinib in both the in vitro and also in vivo placing. (immune-source.com)
Capsid gene delivery into the striatum of mouse brain or interskeletal muscle resulted in cell death and inflammation, likely through capsid-induced apoptosis in vivo. (cdc.gov)
More were stained with toluidine blue, and photographed with importantly, direct in vivo expression of WNV-Cp protein in Ektachrome 160T film (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY). (cdc.gov)

Mathematical modeling of signal transduction networks has previously been used to map out thermodynamical using rate equations is increasingly attracting attention as a properties of protein-folding models (6,7). (lu.se)

More recent advances in induced proximity include methods that result in apoptosis, phosphorylation, and epigenetic modulation, all of which are promising avenues for cancer therapy. (news-medical.net)
Amit Choudhary, PhD, and his team from Harvard Medical School are exploring whether small molecules called phosphorylation-inducing chimeric small molecules (PHICS), which bring kinases into close proximity with a target proteins, can enhance phosphorylation in cancer targets. (news-medical.net)
Tumor necrosis factor receptor activation results in phosphorylation and inactivation of inhibitor kB by IKK, thus resulting in activation of NF-kB. (medscape.com)

While the validity of this approach was first exemplified by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, approved by the FDA in 2003 and used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, subsequent advances in understanding the role of different components in the UPP have allowed the development of other high quality chemical probes and inhibitors. (soci.org)

cIAP1 (also named BIRC2) is the abbreviation for a human protein, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1. (wikipedia.org)
The cellular localization of cIAP1 is diverse depending on the phase of the living cycle of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
However, when the cell is apoptotic nuclear export of cIAP1 is induced provoking an increase in the cytosolic concentration of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
The gene of cIAP1 resides on chromosome 11 and its protein has a quaternary structure. (wikipedia.org)
cIAP1 contains baculovirus IAP repeat domains that facilitate binding to caspases and other proteins. (wikipedia.org)
cIAP1 is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein. (wikipedia.org)
Studies show that when the protein is exposed to palmitate the concentration of cIAP1 decreases and, as a result, the apoptosis is no longer inhibited resulting in the death of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations on the gene that encodes cIAP1 are related to hemorrhage and vascular regression because of the defects it represents on the endothelial cell survival and the modification of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)

However, activation of cytoprotective autophagy overcomes antiproliferative effect of the inhibitors and develops drug resistance. (aging-us.com)
Resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis results in cancer relapse and is associated with cancer mortality. (oaepublish.com)
Several mechanisms participate in the drug and apoptosis resistance phenotype in CSCs in various cancers. (oaepublish.com)
This article will review the CSCs drug and apoptosis resistance mechanisms and how to target CSCs. (oaepublish.com)
Apoptosis resistance contributes to treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC). (rcsi.com)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) plays a pivotal role in regulating the level of cellular DNA acetylation and participate in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. (dovepress.com)

It might have an important polymorphic association at the promoter regions of several MMPs such as MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T), MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A), MMP-9 (-1562 C/T) and TIMP-2 (-418 G/C or C/C). Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are naturally occurring inhibitors of MMPs, which inhibit the activity of MMPs and control the breakdown of ECM. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue inhibitors of matrix metallo-proteinases (TIMPs) are known to have the ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of MMPs. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine which of these interactions are required for it to inhibit apoptosis, we generated point mutant XIAP proteins and correlated their ability to bind other proteins with their ability to inhibit apoptosis. (rupress.org)

These data, combined with quantities of key apoptosis regulators were sufficient to replicate in vitro cell death profiles by mathematical modelling. (rcsi.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
In addition, Beclin 1 gene deletion results in tumor cell apoptosis, specifically in hypoxic regions ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

However, the activation of AMPK-dependent autophagy overcomes pro-apoptotic effects of MEK/ERK inhibitor and results in restoration of the mitochondria and rescue of viability. (aging-us.com)
These studies demonstrate that the capsid protein of WNV may be responsible for aspects of viral pathogenesis through induction of the apoptotic cascade. (cdc.gov)

In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/ β -catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. (hindawi.com)
Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics due to mutations in proteins involved in the fusion-fission machinery represent an important pathogenic mechanism of human diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
The most relevant proteins involved in the mitochondrial fusion process are three GTPase dynamin-like proteins: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and 2 (MFN2), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), in the inner membrane. (centrodinoferrari.com)
While these disorders can still be considered rare, defective mitochondrial dynamics seem to play a significant role in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of more common neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
Mitochondrial fusion and fission are fundamental processes underlying cellular dynamics [1]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a cytosolic dynamin-related GTPase, plays a central role in fission by promoting mitochondrial division through its oligomerization into multimeric spiral structures [5]. (centrodinoferrari.com)

STAT3 belongs to the family of STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins which are phosphorylated by receptor associated kinases, translocate to the nucleus, and act as transcription factors in response to cytokines and growth factors. (thermofisher.com)
Effect of cadmium on P53 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in a murine macrophage cell line: relation to apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

In the present review, we will focus on the role of cellular senescence and its related mechanisms in DN. (hindawi.com)
however, the Cd-modulated p53 and MAPKs signaling mechanisms leading to cellular toxicity on macrophages have not been investigated. (cdc.gov)

Dr. Jacobs described Vaccinia viruses deficient in E3L, a regulator of the cellular antiviral response and noted their potential for the production of improved vaccines. (cdc.gov)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been considered as a potential anticancer drug nowadays. (dovepress.com)

Cellular senescence, which recently has gained broad attention, is thought to be an important player in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy and provide important clues for clinical strategies. (hindawi.com)
Recently, the emerging role of cellular senescence in DN has attracted a broad attention. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we will explore the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence and provide important clues for clinical strategies in the management of DN. (hindawi.com)
Cellular aging or cellular senescence is the critical factor for the process of aging. (hindawi.com)
Cellular senescence, that is the loss of proliferative capacity, has a complex role in homeostasis. (jax.org)
On the other hand, senescence is hypothesized to underlie the cellular dysfunction that is associated with aging. (jax.org)

CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. (oaepublish.com)

The aim was to identify cellular and cytogenetic markers of prognostic relevance to survival of high-risk MDS cases. (who.int)

Activation of NF-kB prevents apoptosis in response to the tumor necrosis factor family of cytokines. (medscape.com)

Autophagy is an evolutionary conservative process that maintains cellular homeostasis and viability [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
The cell viability and apoptosis were determined by using adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. (molvis.org)

Trichothecene mycotoxins are extremely stable proteins that are resistant to heat and ultraviolet light inactivation. (medscape.com)

Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

Subsequent experimental observations agreed with these predictions, and the observed effects on tumour growth inhibition correlated robustly with apoptosis competency. (rcsi.com)

This protein is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). (cancerindex.org)
This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity, and has been shown to be a major component required for serum-dependent melanoma cell growth. (cancerindex.org)
For instance, CSC maintenance in glioblastoma, colon cancer, gastric cancer, and prostate cancer is regulated by CD133-mediated AKT, leucine-rich G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-mediated Wnt/β-catenin and speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP)-mediated Nanog pathways [ 4 - 8 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Hypoxia changes the cellular redox state and activates class III histone deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1). (molvis.org)

Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not alter Cd-induced cytotoxicity indicating that J774A.1 cell death by Cd is independent of de novo protein synthesis including p53. (cdc.gov)

They contain distinct amino- and carboxy-terminal domains (Bro-N and Bro-C, respectively) that are present independently of each other and in distinct contexts in a variety of other viral proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)

RNA viruses may escape acquired humoral and cellular immune responses by mutations in protective antigenic epitopes (e.g., avian influenza viruses), while accessory nonstructural proteins or multifunctional structural proteins interfere with the interferon system (e.g. (imperial.ac.uk)
Molecular Components of the Immune System The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) modulates cellular apoptosis, which is involved in the occurrence and development of liver cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)

NS5A upregulates Beclin 1 mRNA and protein expression in a HCV NS5A-transactivated protein 9 (NS5ATP9)-dependent manner ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity of STAT3 while the PIAS3 protein is a specific inhibitor of STAT3. (thermofisher.com)
T315 Induces Autophagic Cell Death in AML Cell Lines Autophagy is usually a physiological process in which cellular components are degraded by lysosomal activity. (exposed-skin-care.net)
This process is characteristically slow and persistent, and is regulated in a strict and complex manner through the activity of a variety of proteins. (xiahepublishing.com)
NF-kB activity is normally regulated via the inhibitor kB protein. (medscape.com)
Loss of IKK activity results in deficient NF-kB activity and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. (medscape.com)

Fission also regulates apoptosis through segregation of the most critically injured mitochondria [1, 4]. (centrodinoferrari.com)

STAT3 mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
S1P signals through G-protein coupled receptors and controls diverse cellular processes. (thermofisher.com)
Moreover, in the infected hepatocytes, certain cellular proteins that are dependent on the UPS are involved in abnormal biological processes which are mediated by HBV. (biomedcentral.com)
The projects are centered around the molecular strategy of induced proximity, which involves controlling the physical distance between proteins to regulate or perturb biological processes in the cancer cell. (news-medical.net)

Coactivators such as CREB-binding protein are required for the transcriptional activation by STAT3. (thermofisher.com)
This protein serves as a transcriptional activator of cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lan et al ( 2 ) demonstrated that HCV NS5A suppresses p53-mediated transcriptional transactivation and apoptosis during HCV infection, contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)

The SNP influences the amount of soluble and membrane-bound isoforms of the protein by putatively disrupting an exonic splicing silencer. (researchgate.net)

This paper provides a brief presentation on the genetics of multiple sclerosis susceptibility and on current work that uncovers the cellular effects, immunological and non-immunological, associated with genetic risk variants. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy14

Organisms6

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Proliferation15

Intracellular7

Caspase13

Pathway11

Kinase9

Degradation12

Induces apoptosis1

Baculoviral IAP repeat1

Autophagy inhibitor2

Cells36

Induce2

Mammalian3

Inhibits2

Oxidative stress2

Extracellular1

Vivo6

Signal Transduction1

Phosphorylation3

Proteasome inhibitor1

CIAP18

Resistance5

Differentiation1

Inhibit3

Vitro1

Gene4

Apoptotic2

Mitochondrial6

Kinases2

Mechanisms2

Regulator1

Anticancer1

Senescence7

Tumor cell1

Survival1

Cytokines1

Viability2

Inactivation1

Topoisomerase1

Inhibition1

Receptor3

Histone1

Synthesis1

Viral proteins1

Immune2

Nonstructural1

MRNA and protein1

Activity5

Regulates1

Processes4

Transcriptional3

Isoforms1

Susceptibility1