• Nanos are RNA-binding proteins playing crucial roles in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
  • The Nanos proteins family regroups highly conserved RNA-binding proteins in higher eukaryotes implicated in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
  • Enrichment analysis for protein localization showed that mainly intracellular and cell-associated interacting proteins were identified. (degruyter.com)
  • By identifying many sGAG-specific interacting proteins, our data provide a resource for upcoming studies aimed at molecular mechanisms and understanding of sGAG cellular effects. (degruyter.com)
  • Therefore, the study of IBD must be faced exploiting an integrated and multilevel approach, ranging from genes, transcripts and proteins to pathways altered in affected tissues, and carefully considering their regulatory mechanisms, which may intervene in the pathology onset. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
  • This gene is located in a cluster of closely related salivary proline-rich proteins on chromosome 12. (cancerindex.org)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, and glycoproteins are widely involved in various important cellular biological processes and diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cell-type-specific interacting proteins collaborate to regulate the timing of Cyclin B protein expression in male meiotic prophase. (stanford.edu)
  • We focus our research on the post-transcriptional regulation of embryonic myogenesis and adult muscle differentiation by RNA-binding proteins.We use zebrafish as a model, which is most suitable for in vivo and in vitro analyses using cell and molecular biology, genetics, and living imaging approaches. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • The post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression orchestrated by RNA-binding proteins is involved in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • In particular, we focus our research on the role of RNA-binding proteins in the post-transcriptional regulation of muscle differentiation and regeneration. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control RNA metabolism at multiple levels, and are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of protein synthesis during early development and in adult life. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • Astrocytes may be recognized as such by their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), aquaporin-4, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1, and other proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Mechanically, m6A can be recognized by "reader" proteins or can directly modify RNA conformation, and it widely affects gene expression by mediating RNA stability, translation, splicing and export. (scienceopen.com)
  • The AF-1 plays an important role in the interaction of the receptor with molecules necessary for the initiation of transcription, such as coactivators, chromatin modulators, and basal transcription factors, including RNA polymerase II, TATA-binding protein (TBP), and a host of TBP-associated proteins (TAFIIs). (medscape.com)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • Now a large and ever increasing number of genetic subtypes has been described, and major advances in molecular and cellular biology have clarified the understanding of the role of different proteins in the physiology of peripheral nerve conduction in health and in disease. (medscape.com)
  • Myelinating Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a single axon and express high levels of myelin-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA). (medscape.com)
  • We find that RBPs exhibit dynamic temporal and fiber-type specific expression patterns in mRNA-Seq data and display muscle-specific phenotypes. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The expression of many genes is regulated after transcription (i.e., by microRNAs or ubiquitin ligases ), so an increase in mRNA concentration need not always increase expression. (wikidoc.org)
  • Nevertheless, mRNA levels can be quantitatively measured by Northern blotting , a process in which a sample of RNA is separated on an agarose gel and hybridized to a radio-labeled RNA probe that is complementary to the target sequence. (wikidoc.org)
  • These analyses of the relationships between patient survival and expression patterns obtained from an open mRNA database in cancer patients indicate that ORs may be cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. (bmbreports.org)
  • APA can potentially affect mRNA translation efficiency, localization, stability, and mRNA seeded protein-protein interactions. (stanford.edu)
  • In addition, changes in APA mark a variety of pathological states, including many types of cancer, in which mRNAs are preferentially cleaved at more proximal PASs, causing expression of mRNA isoforms with short 3'UTRs. (stanford.edu)
  • We identified >500 Drosophila genes that express mRNA isoforms with a long 3' UTR in proliferating spermatogonia but a short 3' UTR in differentiating spermatocytes due to APA. (stanford.edu)
  • Click on any transcript to open the specific mRNA page, to see the exact cDNA clone support and eventual SNPs and to get details on tissues, sequences, mRNA and protein annotations. (nih.gov)
  • The C-terminal domain of YTHDF2 selectively binds to m6A-containing mRNA whereas the N-terminal domain is responsible for the localization of the YTHDF2-mRNA complex to cellular RNA decay sites. (scienceopen.com)
  • Materials and Methods: The expression of COM-1 mRNA was examined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique together with immunohistochemistry to examine expression and distribution of the COM-1 protein in human colorectal carcinoma and matched normal colorectal mucosa. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Pansensitive and panresistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs with concordant mRNA and protein expression were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular mechanisms of gene regulation and/or heritable changes in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in DNA sequence. (ashg.org)
  • The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability among muscle fiber-types. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The conserved histone variant H2AZ has an important role in the regulation of gene expression and the establishment of a buffer to the spread of silent heterochromatin. (sdbonline.org)
  • Liberali studies the dynamics of self-organization, and how cellular signaling dictates its spatial-temporal regulation. (unibas.ch)
  • Dirk Schübeler has done important work in epigenomics and regulatory genomics, in particular with the dynamics of genome-wide methylation patterns, their role in gene regulation, and the interplay between chromatin state and the actions of transcription factors. (unibas.ch)
  • Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation , morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism . (wikidoc.org)
  • Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) the gene in the organism. (wikidoc.org)
  • Regulation of gene expression is the cellular control of the amount and timing of appearance of the functional product of a gene. (wikidoc.org)
  • During meiosis, germ cell and stage-specific components impose additional layers of regulation on the core cell cycle machinery to set up an extended G2 period termed meiotic prophase. (stanford.edu)
  • Transcriptional derepression and post-translational regulation of gene expression play important roles in tumorigenesis, but their implication in early development remains elusive. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Our findings therefore suggest that RNA decoration by m(6)A has a fundamental role in regulation of gene expression. (scienceopen.com)
  • For each type of virus, what is known about the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and regulatory RNA in epigenetic regulation of the virus infection will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • The mechanisms used by certain viruses to dysregulate the host cell through manipulation of epigenetic processes and the role of cellular cofactors such as BRD4 that are known to be involved in epigenetic regulation of host cell pathways will also be covered. (mdpi.com)
  • In a compendium of healthy canine tissues, TMEM211 displayed the highest expression in the pancreas (Figure 1). (wikipedia.org)
  • TMEM211 RNA Compendium of normal tissues in Canis familiaris. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • This was possible by comparing expression patterns in stromal cells surrounding the tumors with cells of similar tissues to identify unique patterns. (biochain.com)
  • We found RCC tissues displayed significantly higher miR-34a expression level than their corresponding noncancerous tissues, particularly in chromophobic subtype. (hindawi.com)
  • MIR-34A has its own transcript and is expressed at higher levels than MIR-34B/C in most tissues, and this expression could be dysregulated in multiple diseases, especially in cancers [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The peptide hormone insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is critical for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and acts to regulate cellular metabolism and growth by facilitating glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • APA naturally occurs during development and cellular differentiation, with around 70% of human genes displaying APA in particular tissues and cell types. (stanford.edu)
  • Deficiency in its expression level could be the cause of congenital disorders, such as cardiomyopathy, myopathy or blindness, which affect the normal function of related tissues where crucial roles of this gene have been demonstrated in different animal models. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly expressed in vertebrate neural tissues, but the contribution of specific miRNAs to the development and function of different neuronal populations is still largely unknown. (harvard.edu)
  • Results: COM-1 was expressed in 22.8% of normal colorectal mucosa samples and the expression in these tissues was 54.9 copies of COM-1 transcript per sample. (iiarjournals.org)
  • In prostate tissues, we have shown that cancer tissues have significantly reduced expression of COM-1 protein compared to normal prostate tissue whereas prostate cancer cell lines widely expressed COM-1. (iiarjournals.org)
  • We have observed that no studies have examined the expression of COM-1 in tumours of the lower gastrointestinal tract and as such have set out to examine quantitatively the expression of COM-1 in carcinomas and matched normal tissues of the colon and rectum and to examine the localisation of COM-1 protein within the tissues. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • These are long RNA transcripts that share many characteristics of mRNAs, with the key difference that they do not contain any recognizable Open Reading Frame (ORF), and thus are unlikely to encode protein 4 . (nature.com)
  • While their expression tends to be lower than protein-coding mRNAs, lncRNAs are thought to be highly expressed in a subset of cells in a population 6 . (nature.com)
  • They can bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in order to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally with no sequence specificity but by potential electrostatic interactions with the phosphate backbone of RNA 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
  • Alternative processing of nascent mRNAs is widespread in eukaryotic organisms and greatly impacts the output of gene expression. (stanford.edu)
  • AceView: gene:dpy-21, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView. (nih.gov)
  • This diagram shows in true scale the gene on the genome, the mRNAs and the cDNA clones. (nih.gov)
  • Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technologies and microarray techniques enable scientists to conduct comprehensive analyses on the abundance, composition, expression profile and molecular function of circRNAs [ 16 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Beyond the variety of molecular implementations of such patterns, we emphasize the unitary principles associated with them, across scales in space and time, within a general mechanochemical framework. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Our goal is to convey a picture of pattern formation that draws attention to the principles rather than solely to specific molecular mechanisms. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Effects that genetic variants have on cellular or molecular traits. (ashg.org)
  • High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a representative damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), acts as a mediator of inflammation or an intercellular messenger according to its cellular localization. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the cellular byproducts of damage, are known to play an essential role in this inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • More specifically, DAMPs include pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and "alarmins," endogenous molecules that signal tissue and cellular damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Drosophila is thus a powerful model to gain disease-relevant insight into cellular and molecular phenotypes observed when expression levels of splicing factors, spliceosome components and splicing dynamics are altered. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Macrophages are important immune cells that participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses, such as phagocytosis, recognition of molecular patterns, and activation of the immune response. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our team is interested in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control muscle development in vertebrate embryos. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • It provides insights into the complex interplay between cellular and molecular components and how they contribute to the overall function and behavior of living organisms. (abocdn.com)
  • 4] Glucocorticoids are involved in almost every cellular, molecular, and physiologic network of the organism and play a pivotal role in critical biologic processes, such as growth, reproduction, intermediary metabolism, immune and inflammatory reactions, and central nervous system and cardiovascular functions. (medscape.com)
  • Knockouts or loss of function mutations to these family members cause complete or partial deafness in humans and mice that is then inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whole genome sequencing makes it possible to comprehensively discover the mutations, and the mutated genes, that are responsible for tumour formation. (nature.com)
  • The absence of whole-genome maps of somatic mutations has meant that searches for new cancer-related lncRNAs have relied on conventional transcriptomic approaches that reveal changes in their expression levels that accompany cancer. (nature.com)
  • Considering the spatial proximity of cells within a tissue sample alongside differential expression analysis offers a more comprehensive picture of disease development, key driver mutations, and possible therapeutic targets. (biochain.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of β-catenin and cyclin D1 using immunohistochemistry and searched for mutations in exon 3 of the β-catenin gene and Axin gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in β-catenin or axin genes are not responsible for this abnormal localization of β-catenin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This list continues to expand, and, as of this writing, specific mutations listed on OMIM are known for 7 autosomal dominant LGMDs and 23 autosomal recessive LGMDs. (medscape.com)
  • Overlap exists with Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) as several gene mutations can cause both a LGMD and CMD phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • These diseases are discussed here in part because mutations in 2 genes can present with either an LGMD or a myofibrillar myopathy phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • Better understanding of new mutations and the wide range of possible phenotypes led to the development of a new nomenclature proposal, based on the gene and inheritance pattern. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] However, the gene mutations responsible for the different forms of CMT1 are clearly myelin genes. (medscape.com)
  • We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • However, the underlying mechanisms and cellular functions triggered by internalized sGAG-derivatives are still not well understood. (degruyter.com)
  • Empirical and theoretical research on the patterns and determinants of genetic variation within and between populations, especially as they relate to major mechanisms of evolution and their effect on phenotypes. (ashg.org)
  • Blencowe's research team studies the mechanisms by which genes are regulated and coordinated to provide critical functions in mammalian cells. (unibas.ch)
  • Because it is very difficult to clone a GFP-fused protein into its native location in the genome, however, this method often cannot be used to measure endogenous regulatory mechanisms (GFP-fusions are therefore most often expressed on extra-genomic DNA such as an expression vector ). (wikidoc.org)
  • This review describes OR expression in various types of cancer and the association of these receptors with various types of signaling mechanisms. (bmbreports.org)
  • We demonstrate that the gene expression profile associated with the LE is conserved across different cancers while the TC is tissue specific, highlighting common mechanisms underlying tumor progression and invasion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Taken together, these data identify Nanos as primordial genes with highly conserved functions for both, the migration of the germinal cells and their maintenance in adults. (nature.com)
  • The RNA-binding protein RBM24 displays highly conserved expression pattern in vertebrate embryos. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Respecting the preferentially intracellular localization of sGAG in vesicle-like structures, also the interaction data indicate sGAG-specific modulation of vesicle-based transport processes. (degruyter.com)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • We have presented a first catalogue of mutated lncRNA genes driving cancer, which will grow and improve with the application of ExInAtor to future tumour genome projects. (nature.com)
  • Studies of human genome demonstrate that protein-coding genes only occupy less than 2% of the entire genome [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • The two successive nanos gene duplications may result from the second and third whole genome duplication events at the basis of Vertebrates and Teleosts respectively. (nature.com)
  • In teleostean fish, two nanos1 genes were generated, probably during the Teleost specific whole genome duplication (3R). (nature.com)
  • The genome of P. falciparum contains hundreds of genes that show CVGE, such that individual parasites within an isogenic population express these genes at very different levels, often fully active or completely silenced [15] . (plos.org)
  • Recent advances in microarray technology allow for the quantification, on a single array, of transcript levels for every known gene in the human genome. (wikidoc.org)
  • In addition, OR expression pattern in various cancers were analyzed based on RNA-sequencing data reported in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the associations between patient survival outcomes and OR levels were analyzed to determine the clinical relevance and significances of OR expression in tumors. (bmbreports.org)
  • The team identified six chemical cocktails that can restore a youthful genome-wide transcript profile and reverse transcriptomic age in less than a week without compromising cellular identity to a similar extent as OSK overexpression. (news-medical.net)
  • Genome-wide association analysis implicates dysregulation of immunity genes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. (cancerindex.org)
  • The gene encoding PvTRAMP was identified through an extensive search of the databases hosting the genome sequence of P. vivax . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on phylogenetic and synteny analyses, this study reveals that nanos1 gene has undergone multiple duplications and gene copies losses in Vertebrates. (nature.com)
  • The expression of the soluble type of ELR1 (sELR1) by ELR1-IN was verified by Traditional western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing (to analyze transcriptomic profiles), signature association, transcriptomic clock, and iPSC profiling analyses were performed. (news-medical.net)
  • Analyses of RBM24 loss of function reveal that it is critically required for cellular differentiation. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Mutational analyses of the exon3 of the β-catenin gene and Axin gene were performed on tumors with nuclear β-catenin expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we identified candidate resistance or susceptibility genes which warrant further gene function analyses, and which could be valuable for resistance breeding, if their role in resistance or susceptibility can be confirmed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fibrosis was assessed using RNA Sequencing, real-time PCR, spatial transcriptomic analyses, Western blot, ELISA and histological analyses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a vast unexplored genetic space that may hold missing drivers of tumourigenesis, but few such "driver lncRNAs" are known. (nature.com)
  • Both known and novel driver lncRNAs are distinguished by elevated gene length, evolutionary conservation and expression. (nature.com)
  • Amongst the most numerous, yet poorly understood of the latter are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). (nature.com)
  • Proto-oncogene lncRNAs include HOTAIR, upregulated in multiple cancers, which recruits the repressive PRC2 chromatin regulatory complex to hundreds of genes 11 . (nature.com)
  • Purpose: GG-H whole transcriptome array analysis suggested involvement of PININ (PNN) in the alternative splicing of multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). (molvis.org)
  • Methods: Total RNA was isolated from PNN knockdown human corneal epithelial (HCET) cells or Pnn-deficient mouse corneas, and subjected to real-time-PCR (RT-PCR) assays, and the alternatively spliced lncRNAs were counted. (molvis.org)
  • Alternatively spliced lncRNAs were detected with in situ hybridization with variant-specific RNA probes on human cornea sections. (molvis.org)
  • Conclusions: The data suggest PNN's role in the alternative splicing of a specific subset of lncRNAs might have a significant impact on the corneal epithelium. (molvis.org)
  • These regions are usually transcribed into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • New sequencing technologies have shown that a large number of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are associated with multiple cancer types and indicated they have emerged as an important class of pervasive genes during the development and progression of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, many lncRNAs dysregulation are associated with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and affect various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including proliferation, survival, migration or genomic stability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors of the present study previously demonstrated that ectopically induced transcription factors, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and Kruppel-like factor 4 ( KLF-4) (collectively known as OSK factors) among mammals can reverse aging by restoring youthful patterns of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, transcriptomic profiles, and tissue functioning without cell identity loss. (news-medical.net)
  • Once target genes were identified, IHC, qPCR and DSP were performed to explore differential expression in BG vs. DGAST tumors. (biochain.com)
  • Experimentally confirmed target genes were identified for the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, from which proliferation genes were selected from CRISPR-Cas9/RNA interference (RNAi) screening assays. (cdc.gov)
  • More importantly, circRNAs serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and crucial regulators of gene expression. (ijbs.com)
  • Over the past few years, emerging numerous bioinformatic tools have been developed to identify candidate disease-causing genes [ 4 ], including microRNA (miRNA) genes. (hindawi.com)
  • MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)
  • (12 ). However, the versatility of the system allows the use of any microRNA of choice, including neuron-specific microRNAs ( 14 ). (lu.se)
  • Gene expression is the process by which the inheritable information in a gene , such as the DNA sequence , is made into a functional gene product , such as protein or RNA . (wikidoc.org)
  • We present single cell RNA sequence data from 1.3m peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 982 healthy human subjects. (iscb.org)
  • The sequence of this gene is defined by 16 cDNA clones and 18 elements defined by RNA-seq, some from mixed (seen 7 times), embryo (5), l2 (once). (nih.gov)
  • The CRISPR/Cas system uses guide RNAs (gRNAs) to direct sequence-specific DNA cleavage. (harvard.edu)
  • Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. (cancerindex.org)
  • Results showed that two genes encoding calcium-transporting ATPase and glutamate receptor3.2 were candidate resistance genes, whereas one gene with unknown function was a candidate susceptibility gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 The study aim was to identify potential gene drivers and unique signaling pathways of DGASTs. (biochain.com)
  • This review describes current knowledge about the expression of distinct ORs in cancers, as well as the canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways induced by these ORs. (bmbreports.org)
  • Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify pathways related to the differences and similarities between chemical therapies, aging signatures, and the OSK(M)-induced iPSCs using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Reactome pathways, and HALLMARK genomic databases. (news-medical.net)
  • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • In this review, we summarize current understanding of how APA is regulated during development and cellular differentiation and how the resulting change in 3'UTR content affects multiple aspects of gene expression. (stanford.edu)
  • In addition, it displays dynamic subcellular localization during cellular differentiation. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Furthermore, we found that RBM24 displays dynamic subcellular localization and post-transcriptional functions during muscle differentiation and regeneration. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • β-catenin is involved in Wnt signaling pathway that regulates cellular differentiation and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No relationship was observed between the expression pattern of β-catenin and cyclin D1 and age, sex, tumor size, stage, differentiation grade, lymph node metastasis, response to chemotherapy, or survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
  • Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
  • One particular gene of interest ( NKX6.3 ) was found by IHC and qPCR to be expressed in DGAST cells but not in normal tissue - suggesting it plays a role in tumorigenesis or precursor events in the tissue prior to tumor formation. (biochain.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • These advances establish a third mechanism of chromatin reconfiguration, raising fundamental questions about the stability of nucleosomes in nonreplicative phases of the cell cycle and the cellular machinery responsible for incorporating histone variants into nucleosomes (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
  • This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Developmentally regulated alternate 3' end cleavage of nascent transcripts controls dynamic changes in protein expression in an adult stem cell lineage. (stanford.edu)
  • We identify over 12,000 m(6)A sites characterized by a typical consensus in the transcripts of more than 7,000 human genes. (scienceopen.com)
  • We further show that splicing mediated by SF1 and Hrb87F is necessary for Z-disc stability and proper myofibril development, and strong knockdown of either gene results in impaired localization of kettin to the Z-disc. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Knockdown of PNN in HCET cells led to specific changes in the inclusion of multiple cassette exons as well as in the use of alternative splice sites in RP11-322M19.1 and RP11-18I14.1, resulting in considerable net changes in the ratio between the splice variants. (molvis.org)
  • Loss of epigenetic information is a characteristic of cellular aging in eukaryotes, resulting in changes in gene expression, loss of cellular identity, mitochondrial malfunction, inflammation, and cellular senescence, which contribute to aging and age-related illnesses. (news-medical.net)
  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant inner RNA modification in eukaryotes. (scienceopen.com)
  • To identify a nuclear marker pathognomonic of astrocytic phenotype, we assessed differential RNA expression by FACS-purified adult astrocytes and, on that basis, evaluated the expression of the transcription factor SOX9 in both mouse and human brain. (jneurosci.org)
  • We show here that SOX9 is an astrocyte-specific nuclear marker in all major areas of the CNS outside of the neurogenic regions. (jneurosci.org)
  • A fraction of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas have abnormal nuclear accumulation of β-catenin accompanied with increased cyclin D1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In thyroid cancers, COM-1 has been found to be overexpressed in papillary and follicular tumours but to a much lower degree in anaplastic tumours, this is together with a change in location of COM-1 expression on immunohistochemical (IHC) staining from nuclear (found in normal tissue and follicular tumours) to cytoplasmic (in papillary and anaplastic tumours) locations ( 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • At the cellular level, the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by a 94-kd protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human (h) GR belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid superfamily of nuclear receptors and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes positively or negatively. (medscape.com)
  • NLS, nuclear localization signal. (medscape.com)
  • conversely, celastrol inhibited these bleomycin-induced changes and blocked nuclear localisation of YAP. (bvsalud.org)
  • The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
  • Present study was designed to establish a causal connection between changes in the cell-cell junction protein expression at the blood-testis barrier and alterations in the adult rat testis histology following an anti-androgen flutamide exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
  • ncRNAs play important roles in controlling gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. (ijbs.com)
  • The research interests include important aspects of post-transcriptional regulations of gene expression during early development. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Our pipeline, ExInAtor, identifies genes with excess load of somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across panels of tumour genomes. (nature.com)
  • Recent studies have revealed that variants of histone H2A and histone H3 play important roles not only in gene expression but also in the repair of DNA breaks and the assembly of chromosome centromeres. (sdbonline.org)
  • Interestingly, a mouse ortholog of HAS2-AS1, Has2as, clearly exhibited a differential splicing pattern among three major splice variants in the Pnn-deficient mouse cornea. (molvis.org)
  • Notably, circRNAs display cell-type, tissue-type and developmental-stage specific expression patterns in eukaryotic transcriptome, which reveals their significant regulatory functions in gene expression. (ijbs.com)
  • The tissue-specific expression of AQPs suggests an important role in the development and function of the respective organs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DEFB1 expression after transfection with two micro RNAs (miRNAs), hsa-miR-186-5p and hsa-miR-340-5p, provided evidence that DEFB1 expression could be modulated by these miRNAs and hsa-miR-186-5p had a higher binding efficiency with DEFB1. (cdc.gov)
  • From the list of genes that were targeted by the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, DGKE and WDR47 had significant associations with responses to both systemic therapies and radiotherapy in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • A closely related debate around chromatin modifications is about causality: several histone PTMs correlate with specific transcriptional states, but in many cases they are not responsible for a transcriptional outcome but rather are a consequence of it [7] . (plos.org)
  • A role of this gene in Germinal Stem Cells maintenance may be evolutionarily conserved as Nanos2 is specifically expressed both in oogonia and in spermatogonia of adult medaka 11 and in a subpopulation of undifferentiated A spermatogonia in juvenile and spermiating male trout 12 . (nature.com)
  • The evolutionarily conserved RBM24 (RNA-Binding Motif Protein 24) is highly expressed in muscles and head sensory organs of all vertebrate embryos. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Despite the protein's localization to the uterus, ovaries, and breast milk, oral administration of estradiol to menopausal women does not produce a significant change in the level of TMEM211 expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fusing a target protein to a reporter can also change the protein's behavior, including its cellular localization and expression level. (wikidoc.org)
  • In addition to low-throughput methods, transcript levels for many genes at once can be measured with DNA microarray technology or "tag based" technologies like Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) or the more advanced version SuperSAGE, which can provide a relative measure of the cellular concentration of different messenger RNAs . (wikidoc.org)
  • Although biochemical studies indicate that N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) is the most prevalent internal modification in messenger RNA, an in-depth study of its distribution and functions has been impeded by a lack of robust analytical methods. (scienceopen.com)
  • CircRNAs exhibit altered expression under pathological conditions and are strongly associated with the development of various human diseases. (ijbs.com)
  • However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Human genes altered in IBD have been collected from literature, paying particular interest for the immune system alterations prompted by the interaction with the gut microbiome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The resource provides a section devoted to human genes identified as altered in IBD, which can be queried at different biomolecular levels and visualised in gene-centred report pages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The IBDsite is an attempt to group available information regarding human genes and microbial aspects related to IBD, by means of a multilevel mining tool. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A human neonate will imitate a facial expression, such as an outstuck tongue. (amacad.org)
  • The study assessed the genetic expression patterns of chemically treated cells compared to aged human-origin cells and OSK(MYC)-induced murine and human iPSC. (news-medical.net)
  • The team investigated molecules participating in the early stages of human CiPSC generation, including C1 and C6NYSA (C4, CHIR-99021, Y-27632, E-616452, TTNPB, and ABT-869 as basal cocktails for cellular reprogramming. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers discovered that OSK expression in cells, such as murine and human fibroblasts, may significantly repair the epigenetic environment and patterns of gene expression of aged cells. (news-medical.net)
  • This gene encodes a member of the heterogeneous family of basic, proline-rich, human salivary glycoproteins. (cancerindex.org)
  • Due to their importance in the temporal and spatial control of gene expression, a growing number of human diseases are associated with RNAs and RBPs. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
  • Topology of the human and mouse m6A RNA methylomes revealed by m6A-seq. (scienceopen.com)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • 1, 2, 3] Approximately 20% of the genes expressed in human leukocytes are regulated positively or negatively by glucocorticoids. (medscape.com)
  • A) Schematic representation of the structure of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) gene. (medscape.com)
  • Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)
  • However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
  • In addition, spermatocyte-specific isoforms of Syncrip (Syp) are required for expression of CycB protein in mature spermatocytes and normal entry into the meiotic divisions. (stanford.edu)
  • Alternative splicing of the hGR gene in exon 9 generates 2 highly homologous receptor isoforms, termed α and β. (medscape.com)
  • Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, protein distribution by immunohistochemistry, and steroid hormone concentrations by radioimmunoassay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An extensive repertoire of modifications is known to underlie the versatile coding, structural and catalytic functions of RNA, but it remains largely uncharted territory. (scienceopen.com)
  • One such discovery is that normal development, right from the earliest stages, relies on both genes and epigenetic conditions. (amacad.org)
  • The method could detect the consequences of a genetically induced epigenetic reversal of age using lentivirus transduction and gene ontology (GO) analysis. (news-medical.net)
  • It is increasingly clear that DNA viruses exploit cellular epigenetic processes to control their life cycles during infection. (mdpi.com)
  • There are numerous examples of ocular surface diseases in which the corneal-specific epithelial qualities are not maintained and significant anterior eye physiologic perturbations occur resulting in dramatic loss of vision. (molvis.org)
  • For 14 cell types, we identified 26,597 independent cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), and 62,305 trans-eQTL, with the majority showing cell type specific effects on gene expression. (iscb.org)
  • After comparing DEGs to genes identified in previously described quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to SB, nine genes were common and three of them showed differential gene expression between a resistant and a susceptible bulk consisting of five RILs each. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, the debate about the use of the term epigenetics is a terminology issue that affects our understanding of how cellular processes are ultimately controlled. (plos.org)
  • In a PCR array analysis of 84 transcription factors, either overexpressing DEFB1 or siRNA silencing of DEFB1 expression significantly modulated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (cdc.gov)
  • The American Darwin-in-the-schools lobby, for example, has no similar interest in horizontal gene transfer, hybridization, epigenetics, or other ways evolution can happen . (uncommondescent.com)
  • Appropriate content should focus more on the method or approach rather than disease or biology-specific questions. (ashg.org)
  • Appropriate content should focus more on the technique rather than disease- or biology-specific questions. (ashg.org)
  • Due to its relatively independent function accompanying its different cellular localization, a deeper understanding of HMGB1 biology in the cochlea is indispensable for guiding future precise therapeutic interventions. (frontiersin.org)
  • These noncoding regions contain a wealth of regulatory sequences and non-coding RNAs whose role in cancer has been neglected until now 3 . (nature.com)
  • DSP enables "visualization" of spatial context in samples that is otherwise missed by bulk RNA sequencing. (biochain.com)
  • This synthetic genetic interaction is seen at the level of single genes and acts downstream of promoter nucleosome reorganization. (sdbonline.org)
  • RNA sequencing followed by differential expression analysis was used to identify genes with high expression in DGASTs vs. other GI tumors. (biochain.com)
  • According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
  • In the present study, researchers devised high-throughput cellular assays that can differentiate between young, older, and aged cells of the body, including transcriptomic aging clocks and real-time quantitative nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization (NCC) assays, to identify compounds that can reverse the aging process without genomic alterations. (news-medical.net)
  • This gene is associated to a phenotype (DumPY : shorter than wild-type). (nih.gov)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
  • 8] The hGR gene is one locus on the long arm of chromosome 5 (q31.3) and consists of 9 exons. (medscape.com)
  • Further studies indicate that the CCND2 gene is present at chromosome band 12p13 and CCND2 is overexpressed in most GCTs, including CIS. (medscape.com)
  • Thus a set of spermatocyte-specific regulators choreograph the timing of expression of CycB protein during male meiotic prophase. (stanford.edu)
  • Despite the association with hearing and sound perception, neither TMEM211 or any LHFPL family members show a pattern of localization biased to the thalamus, temporal lobe, or auditory cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Vertebrates, Nanos paralogous genes were associated to partial redundancies and specific functional evolutions. (nature.com)
  • No specific treatment is available for any of the LGMD syndromes, though aggressive supportive care is essential to preserve muscle function, maximize functional ability, and prolong life expectancy. (medscape.com)