• TGF-β1 acts predominantly through phosphorylation of the C-terminal MH2 domains of SMAD2 and SMAD3 via activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), of which activity is located at the C-terminal part of TGFBR1. (springer.com)
  • Stimulation of A1.Rs with 10 µM CPA increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B at ser473, which was abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (20 µM), thereby confirming that PI3K activity is upregulated in response to A1.R stimulation by CPA in ARVM. (kingston.ac.uk)
  • AQP5 plasma membrane large quantity in transfected HEK293 cells is definitely rapidly and reversibly Chlorpheniramine maleate controlled by at least three self-employed mechanisms including phosphorylation at Ser156, protein kinase A activity and extracellular tonicity. (idplink.net)
  • The best-characterised example of this type of rules is definitely that of human being AQP2 in the kidney: AQP2 large quantity in the apical membrane is dependent on vasopressin-activated phosphorylation of a carboxy-terminal serine residue (Ser 256) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) [7]. (idplink.net)
  • Furthermore, EPO-induced neuroprotection as well as phosphorylation of the proapoptotic Bcl family member Bad was reduced by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. (jneurosci.org)
  • LKB1 is a serine/threonine kinase mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), implicated in many cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell polarization and cell cycle arrest and has also been shown to play an essential role as a tumor suppressor gene by negatively regulating the mTOR pathway. (scirp.org)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • Phosphorylation of PINK1 is not only required for the PINK1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin but also induces its kinase activity toward Parkin. (sdbonline.org)
  • Akt (protein kinase B) is a cellular serine/threonine protein kinase that has been implicated in cellular growth and survival. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase involved in diverse cellular processes, including protein translation, mRNA turnover, and protein stability, mediates, at least in part, some of the biological actions of Akt. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • An in vitro immunocomplex kinase assay indicated that the rpS3 protein acts as a substrate for Lyn, which phosphorylates the Y167 residue of rpS3. (bmbreports.org)
  • Furthermore, by adding various kinase inhibitors, we confirmed that the phosphorylation status of rpS3 was regulated by both Lyn and doxorubicin, and the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Lyn increased drug resistance in cells by upregulating p-glycoprotein translation. (bmbreports.org)
  • In human cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is activated but phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and total shutoff of protein synthesis is observed only in cells infected with gamma(1)z34.5- mutants. (scienceopen.com)
  • Cardiac contractility is regulated by dynamic phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins by kinases such as cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Efficient phosphorylation requires that PKA be anchored close to its targets by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ubiquitin, once it reaches its destination, ends up being attached by an isopeptide bond to a lysine residue, which is part of the target protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • E3 ubiquitin ligases catalyze polyubiquitination events much in the same way as the single ubiquitylation mechanism, using instead a lysine residue from a ubiquitin molecule currently attached to substrate protein to attack the C-terminus of a new ubiquitin molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon phosphorylation, R-SMADs recruit the co-SMAD SMAD-4 to form protein complexes that translocate into the nucleus and exhibit transcriptional activity. (springer.com)
  • Pharmacological increase of protein O -GlcNAcylation by Thiamet G (TG) has been shown to decrease tau phosphorylation and neurotoxicity, and proposed as a therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). (mcw.edu)
  • Longman, Michael R. , Ranieri, Antonella , Avkiran, Metin and Snabaitis, Andrew K. (2014) Regulation of PP2AC carboxylmethylation and cellular localisation by inhibitory Class G-Protein coupled receptors in cardiomyocytes. (kingston.ac.uk)
  • The enzymatic activity of the type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) holoenzyme, a major serine/threonine phosphatase in the heart, is conferred by its catalytic subunit (PP2AC). (kingston.ac.uk)
  • AQP5 translocation offers been shown to be affected by cAMP inside a PKA-dependent manner, with exposure to elevated intracellular cAMP levels causing a short-term (moments) decrease in AQP5 membrane large quantity whereas long-term (8 hours) exposure increased total AQP5 protein [15]. (idplink.net)
  • Neurons from patients with fAD and patients with sAD showed increased phosphorylation of TAU protein at all investigated phosphorylation sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • Ribosomal protein S3 is a protein component of the ribosome, which is a cellular structure that plays a central role in protein synthesis. (bmbreports.org)
  • Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C (cMyBPC) and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-causing sarcomeric proteins which regulate contractility in response to PKA phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Some members of the serpin family may be substrates rather than inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES, and some serpins occur in plants where their function is not known. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cellular proliferation and growth following exposure to mTOR inhibitors or radiation were assessed using biochemical methods. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Functionally, the mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and RAD001 (500 pM-5 nM), induced G1 growth arrest within 24 hours, an effect associated with reduced cellular proliferation. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • These data may support a possible therapeutic role for mTOR inhibitors in limiting the cellular proliferation and radioresistance of pituitary adenoma cells. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Many cellular proteins, including nuclear pore, oncogene, cytoskeletal, heat shock, viral and transcription regulatory proteins contain single O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residues attached to serine or threonine residues. (abcam.cn)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • However, since these kinases regulate a broad range of cellular responses, their compartmentalization in close proximity to their sarcomeric targets is required to facilitate control over which proteins are phosphorylated in response to second messenger signalling [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • We suggest that collectively these pathways regulate cellular water circulation. (idplink.net)
  • These functions are important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and are regulated through several pathways. (bmbreports.org)
  • Among the complexes, cellular holoenzyme and minimal recombinant enzyme monomeric for TERT had catalytic activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • OPCs are pesticides that are most actively used all over the world, therefore their residues and metabolites are widespread in the environmental objects, worsening total burden of the negative effect of chemical factors on human health and ecological systems [2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13]. (kiev.ua)
  • Objective: analysis and summary of the literature data and own studies on the possibility of using biomarkers of exposure and effect of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), determination of immunological biomarkers of the effect under exposure to OPCs that cause delayed neurotoxicity (DN). (kiev.ua)
  • O-linked conjugation of ß-N-acetyl-glucosamine ( O -GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues is a post-translational modification process that senses nutrient availability and cellular stress and regulates diverse biological processes that are involved in neurodegenerative diseases and provide potential targets for therapeutics development. (mcw.edu)
  • In a preferred embodiment, a GEF-H1 polypeptide is provided that lacks the amino acid region between residues 162 and 354 of SEQ ID NO. 2. (justia.com)
  • In another embodiment, serine-67 is present in a peptide of less than 30 amino acids that comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO. 4. (justia.com)
  • the cardiac isoform differs from its skeletal counterparts by containing an extra immunoglobulin-like (IgI) domain (C0) at the amino terminal, a charged residue-rich insertion in domain C5 and three phosphorylation sites in a motif between the second and third IgI domains (C1-C2), known as the MyBPC motif or m-domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces: the (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. (uci.edu)
  • These predictive bioanalytic results were confirmed by the demonstration that SRC-3 is required for the expansion, migratory and invasive activities of the HESC population, cellular properties that are required in vivo in the formation or functioning of the decidua. (frontiersin.org)
  • This triggered an increase in paracellular permeability via cellular redistribution of claudin 3 (CLDN3) from TJs into cell nuclei followed by disruption of epithelial integrity and formation of epithelial lesions. (springer.com)
  • exposure to hypotonic conditions resulted in rapid recruitment to the cell surface via a mechanism dependent on transient receptor potential channels, extracellular calcium influx, calmodulin, and the phosphorylation of two threonine residues (Thr 157 and Thr 239) of AQP1 [13]. (idplink.net)
  • 5 , 6 Taurine is involved in a number of metabolic processes, including osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, modulation of cellular calcium level, and detoxification. (jomes.org)
  • Accordingly, pregnancy success rates currently achieved by natural or assisted conception for women at high-risk for EPL or RPL can only be increased by an improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control endometrial function during the periimplantation period. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also found that SRC-3 depletion in cultured HESCs results in a significant attenuation in the induction of a wide-range of established biomarkers of decidualization, despite exposure of these cells to a deciduogenic stimulus and normal progesterone receptor expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
  • Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that autophosphorylation of PINK1 is essential for the mitochondrial translocation of Parkin and for subsequent phosphorylation and activation of Parkin. (sdbonline.org)
  • Therefore, maintenance of mitochondria activity is necessary for the proper cellular function and survival. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, the subcellular distribution of mitochondria can affect the cellular transcriptome and transcription rates. (hindawi.com)
  • The maintenance of "healthy" and fully functional mitochondria is thus essential for cellular homeodynamics. (hindawi.com)
  • However, this does not account for the dynamic control of AQPs that may be necessary to rapidly alter membrane water permeability in response to environmental or cellular signals. (idplink.net)
  • Although all diabetic cells are exposed to elevated levels of plasma glucose, hyperglycemic damage is limited to those cell types that are unable to down regulate glucose transport into the cell (e.g., endothelial cells), leading to intra-cellular hyperglycemia ( Brownlee, 2001 ). (scialert.net)
  • The addition of N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues ( O -GlcNAc) by the O -GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is a PTM implicated in numerous biological processes and disease states but with limited techniques for its study. (mcw.edu)
  • Routes of exposure to OPCs (adapted from WHO, 2001) [13]. (kiev.ua)
  • The article analyses and concludes current literary data on the justified use of biomarkers of exposure and effect of OPCs that are widespread in the environmental objects and are one of the reasons of acute and chronic poisoning in the population. (kiev.ua)
  • We've reviewed aspects of the necessity for implementation of scientifically justified approach to the development and assessment of biomarkers and creation of the unified diagnostic complex that includes biomarkers of exposure, specific and non-specific action, with wider diagnostic abilities compared with determination of isolated parameters that is the basis for diagnostics, efficient treatment and prediction of consequences of poisoning with OPCs. (kiev.ua)
  • In this study, L-selectin was found to be phosphorylated in lymphoblastoid cell lines, and phosphorylation was enhanced by phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)) treatment. (upenn.edu)
  • A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Using LC-MS/MS analysis, Serine 346 was identified as the sole autophosphorylation site of Drosophila PINK1 and it was found that substitution of Serine 346 to Alanine completely abolishes the PINK1 autophosphorylation. (sdbonline.org)
  • And while MPs have been found in human tissues, the health effects at environmental exposure levels are unclear. (cdc.gov)
  • We demonstrate that TGF-β1 activates TGF-β1 receptors TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 resulting in ALK5-mediated phosphorylation of SMAD2. (springer.com)
  • We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
  • 2 3 11 ] Based on our recent demonstration that basal Akt activation increased cellular growth in pituitary adenoma, we herein tested the hypothesis that mTOR activation, downstream from Akt signaling, may increase the growth and survival of pituitary adenoma cells. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • In contrast, the etiology of the remaining 95% cases of late-onset AD, often referred to as sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD), requires further investigation owing to the various factors involved in the pathology, including genetic and environmental exposures [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MPs have been demonstrated to harm animals through environmental exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • In this review, we discuss the functional cross talk of proteostasis and mitostasis in cellular homeodynamics and the impairment of mitochondrial quality control during ageing, cancer, and neurodegeneration. (hindawi.com)
  • Perilipin 5 S155 phosphorylation by PKA is required for the control of hepatic lipid metabolism and glycemic control. (uci.edu)
  • PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of PINK1 and Parkin is essential for mitochondrial quality control. (sdbonline.org)
  • These molecular findings are supported at the cellular level by the inability of HESCs to morphologically transform from a stromal fibroblastoid cell to an epithelioid decidual cell when endogenous SRC-3 levels are markedly reduced. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cellular studies of NTD and CTD oligomerization interface mutants demonstrate the importance of each interface in matrix assembly. (uci.edu)
  • RESULTS: Our analysis focused on 34 published studies on occupational health effects from MP exposure with half involving exposure to PVC and the other half a variety of other MPs to compare. (cdc.gov)
  • The PVC worker data summarized here can be useful in assisting clinicians evaluating exposure histories from PVC exposure and designing future cell, animal, and population exposure-effect research studies. (cdc.gov)
  • We show here that, like SRC-2, SRC-3 is expressed in the epithelial and stromal cellular compartments of the human endometrium during the proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle as well as in cultured HESCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we show that NEMO phosphorylation by GSK-3β leads to NEMO localization into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (mdpi.com)
  • In contrast, phosphorylation of Parkin by PINK1 is dispensable for its translocation but required for its activation. (sdbonline.org)
  • Collectively the data suggest that EBNA3C interacts with Gadd34, activating the upstream component of the UPR (eIF2α phosphorylation) while preventing downstream UPR events (XBP1 activation and ATF6 cleavage). (scienceopen.com)
  • This review summarizes the cellular function and pathophysiology of LRRK2 ROCO domain mutations in PD and the perspective of therapeutic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PP2AC activity and subcellular localisation can be regulated by reversible carboxylmethylation of its C-terminal leucine309 (leu309) residue. (kingston.ac.uk)
  • Dimerization was suppressed by removing a TERT domain linker with atypical sequence bias, which did not inhibit cellular or minimal enzyme assembly or activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both rapamycin and RAD001 decreased the phosphorylation of mTOR at the serine 2448, a key determinant of mTOR activity. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Inhibition of mTOR also radiosensitized GH3 cells such that 2.5 Gy in combination with 500 pM rapamycin or RAD001 reduced cellular viability more effectively than 2.5 or 10 Gy alone. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (pacherbs.com)
  • In the conserved first step, an E1 cysteine residue attacks the ATP-activated C-terminal glycine on ubiquitin, resulting in a thioester Ub-S-E1 complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Constructions of gated AQPs have exposed the molecular details of AQP gating by phosphorylation, pH and Ca2+ for the spinach aquaporin SoPIP2;1 [4] and mechanosensitivity for the candida aquaporin AQY1 [5]. (idplink.net)
  • This review comprehends literatures on leptin and leptin resistance and especially discusses what STAT3 phosphorylation would contribute to central leptin resistance. (biomedcentral.com)