• Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, we are interested in post-translational modifications, changes to a protein after it's produced, which add an incredible level of diversity to the underlying proteins within a cell and can control a diverse array of processes, including protein stability, interactions, and activity. (upenn.edu)
  • Thus, altered or deregulated platelet function underpins many diseases, and platelet proteins are potential targets for novel therapeutic agents. (hindawi.com)
  • Previous proteomic studies of intact platelets have collectively identified hundreds of proteins using a variety of fractionation strategies including 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), multidimensional chromatographic separations, membrane prefractionation techniques, and adsorption to combinatorial hexapeptide ligand libraries [ 1 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Following activation by agonists such as thrombin, platelets release storage granules and membrane vesicles that contain prothrombotic (e.g., fibrinogen), mitogenic (e.g., platelet derived growth factor), immunomodulatory (e.g., neutrophil-activating peptide 2), and adhesive (e.g., platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule) proteins. (hindawi.com)
  • These proteins may modulate the interaction of platelets with their local cellular environment. (hindawi.com)
  • For instance, a number of studies have used 1D SDS-PAGE to separate proteins by molecular weight prior to MS analysis [ 12 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic mechanism where proteins and organelles are digested and recycled to provide an alternative source of building blocks and energy to cells. (nature.com)
  • In this thesis, rational design principles have been used for development of fusion proteins that can interact with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) for potential medical applications. (kth.se)
  • The most relevant proteins involved in the mitochondrial fusion process are three GTPase dynamin-like proteins: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and 2 (MFN2), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), in the inner membrane. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • In the second step, fusion of the inner membranes requires a motor-like process driven by OPA1 and coordinated by various other proteins, including the prohibitins. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • We sought to determine whether immune reactivity occurs between anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein antibodies and human tissue antigens, and whether molecular mimicry between COVID-19 viral proteins and human tissues could be the cause. (frontiersin.org)
  • We believe the answer is probable, since some of the systemic disease clinical manifestations of COVID-19 cannot be explained solely by the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with cell membranes of tissues that exhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (frontiersin.org)
  • We specialize in structure and function of membrane proteins, with a special focus on the transport mechanisms mediating uptake of lipids, vitamins, sugars and ions. (au.dk)
  • Sterols are integrated into the lysosomal membrane by the Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) system and then reshuffled to other cellular membranes by vesicular and non-vesicular processes using e.g. cytosolic Lipid Transfer Proteins. (au.dk)
  • The NPC proteins are a highly valuable group of targets to address a range of important human maladies, as well as to improve fundamental understanding of essential sterol uptake pathways for which the molecular mechanism remains almost completely unknown. (au.dk)
  • Very little is known about the molecular interactions of NPC proteins with substrates and interaction partners, including whether NPC membrane proteins mediate any kind of active transport of sterols. (au.dk)
  • The long-term objective of the lab is to understand the molecular mechanism of energy-independent transport of sugar in the Sugar Porter family and the GLUTs by determining structures of proteins in the SP family and, and use this information to guide our biochemical studies of mechanism. (au.dk)
  • Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • At the sub-cellular scale, maps document the spatial organization of proteins, RNA, DNA, and metabolites with nanometer precision and temporal acuity on the order of seconds. (stanford.edu)
  • By capturing the evolutionary dynamics of target biological systems, the comparative modeling framework is empowered to (i) identify the functional roles of poorly characterized proteins and interactions and (ii) further decipher the underlying regulatory mechanisms of complicated cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As for many essential biological processes, intracellular membrane fusion is mediated by interactions among a series of evolutionarily conserved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The long-term objective of the lab is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC-dependent sterol transport through a combination of crystallography and electron microscopy. (au.dk)
  • 2] In a last example, we use model membranes carrying glycosaminoglycans, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms modulating attachment and release of the herpes simplex virus. (lu.se)
  • In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie Ehrlichia host cellular reprogramming strategies that enable intracellular survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, E. chaffeensis is an excellent model organism to study host-pathogen interactions and to understand the molecular pathobiology of obligately intracellular microbes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In all other cells, DMT1 is found in intracellular membranes where it promotes the exit of endocytosed Fe 2+ from endosomes into the cytoplasm 9 . (nature.com)
  • Physiologic functions (eg, contraction, secretion) are usually regulated by multiple receptor-mediated mechanisms, and several steps (eg, receptor-coupling, multiple intracellular 2nd messenger substances) may be interposed between the initial molecular drug-receptor interaction and ultimate tissue or organ response. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We investigated a novel antagonist of the prolactin receptor in vitro and found that it could block signaling through the receptor as well as cellular invasiveness. (kth.se)
  • Area A will delineate the diagnostic potential of TSPO imaging by means of positron emission tomography (PET) in brain tumors in vivo and will enable the complementary characterization of brain tissue in vitro to delineate the neurobiological characteristics underlying TSPO PET labeling in the human brain. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • This is combined with biochemical characterization of the molecular mechanism in vitro and in vivo. (au.dk)
  • Using in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces: the (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. (uci.edu)
  • The assessment of potential drug-drug interactions by in vitro methods has become an indispensable part of the preclinical development process of new drug candidates. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our research strategy widely relies of the use of artificial lipid bilayers to mimic in vitro the basic molecular architecture of the cell membrane. (lu.se)
  • We demand to characterize the hazard potential of the considerable develop these ideas by introducing the concept of cellular dose number of nanomaterials that have been or will be produced is in vitro as an important dose metric and by integrating aspects of material science, solution physics, and kinetics to present the 1 factors and processes affecting the cellular dose for particles. (cdc.gov)
  • The ISB will catalyze novel advances in the areas of structural biology, provide access to expertise and technology to support cryo-EM, Xray crystallography, NMR, molecular dynamics simulations and more, and promote collaborative studies across the biomedical community. (upenn.edu)
  • In addition, the heterogeneous dynamics of CD8 T-cells during their interaction with lymphocytes have been investigated 13 . (nature.com)
  • While these disorders can still be considered rare, defective mitochondrial dynamics seem to play a significant role in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of more common neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • This review provides an overview of the basic molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial fusion and focuses on the alteration in mitochondrial DNA amount resulting from impairment of mitochondrial dynamics. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Mitochondrial fusion and fission are fundamental processes underlying cellular dynamics [1]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Integrating the dynamics across species is particularly important in modeling cellular processes through protein interaction networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Area B will provide information on the structure and function of the TSPO molecule in response to TSPO ligands and within its multimeric complex by biophysical methods in order to unravel further molecular mechanisms of TSPO signaling and to give further input for TSPO ligand drug development. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • However, the mechanisms governing these interactions have not yet been fully determined. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of FLI1 in these solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1] In a second example, I concentrate on the role of Influenza's matrix protein in virus budding and search for mechanisms by which the protein can induce membrane deformations. (lu.se)
  • Fusion of the outer mitochondrial membrane depends on two GTPase family members: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2). (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Within the cell, TSPO is predominantly located in mitochondria, specifically in the outer mitochondrial membrane. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Accordingly, understanding the underlying mechanism of cellular uptake is an important step toward understanding the biological fate of nanoparticles, both the favorable and adverse aspects [1] . (materialstoday.com)
  • In addition to parameters such as size and shape, chemical functionalities on the surface seem to play a critical role in binding to cell membrane and subsequent cellular uptake [2] and [3] . (materialstoday.com)
  • The uptake of nanoparticles by cells can be viewed as a two-step process: binding to the cell membrane and internalization. (materialstoday.com)
  • Consequently, the widespread theory that the preferential cellular uptake of positively charged nanoparticles over neutral or negatively charged nanoparticles is due to favorable electrostatic interactions with cell membrane seems simplistic and reductive. (materialstoday.com)
  • We still know surprisingly little about the molecular details of the processes that goes on during the uptake of many basic metabolites, and an improved understanding of metabolite uptake has tremendous potential for improving general public health. (au.dk)
  • It has been demonstrated that size of the nanoparticle plays an active role in immunological response and toxicity upon cellular uptake by macrophages and dendritic cells(Manolova et al. (freedissertation.com)
  • 2008). While size and surface composition influences uptake, surface charge plays a major role in immune activation as well as membrane and uptake activities(Frohlich, 2012). (freedissertation.com)
  • In this project, we use different microscopy techniques in a rodent model of epilepsy to visualise glymphatic system disturbance in epilepsy and to understand the molecular changes that affect this. (dcu.ie)
  • They were all found to be able to induce signaling over the plasma membrane in a model cell line. (kth.se)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • Our hope is that through our work, we will not only provide insight into the processes underlying disease, but also provide new therapeutic strategies which can be used in a clinical setting to ultimately improve patient outcomes. (upenn.edu)
  • Nanoscopic astrocytic processes contacting synapses and blood vessels contain the molecular machinery for microRNAs. (dcu.ie)
  • Network motifs, recurring subnetwork patterns, provide significant insight into the biological networks which are believed to govern cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular processes are governed by complex molecular interaction networks where the molecular components and the interactions between them are represented by nodes and edges, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The experimental approach of network motif identification is extensively applied for modeling specific cellular processes [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of the biological processes mediated by protein interaction networks are highly evolutionarily conserved or related across species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We applied the framework to study SM-SNARE-mediated exocytic membrane fusion processes in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We focus on the interplay between the membrane's physico-chemical properties and the virus attachment process and study how cellular and viral molecules act in concert to modulate the processes through multivalency. (lu.se)
  • Activated receptors directly or indirectly regulate cellular biochemical processes (eg, ion conductance, protein phosphorylation, DNA transcription, enzymatic activity). (msdmanuals.com)
  • We conclude that simple surrogates of dose can cause processes are expected to significantly affect the cellular dose. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the planned research group aims to characterize the role of TSPO as a diagnostic and therapeutic target from structural biology over neurology to psychiatry and to delineate the potential of TSPO ligands as a novel therapeutic approach within the nervous system. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • and ion pumps is fundamental to membrane biology. (au.dk)
  • Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, U.K. (silverchair.com)
  • A membrane receptor reagent and assay is disclosed in which liposomes are bound to an evanescent wave emitting surface. (google.com)
  • Using this framework to analyze the SM (Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE ( N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor) system in exocytic membrane fusion in yeast and neurons, we find that the SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overview of Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics (sometimes described as what a drug does to the body) is the study of the biochemical, physiologic, and molecular effects of drugs on the body and involves receptor binding. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A drug's ability to affect a given receptor is related to the drug's affinity (probability of the drug occupying a receptor at any given instant) and intrinsic efficacy (intrinsic activity-degree to which a ligand activates receptors and leads to cellular response). (msdmanuals.com)
  • To achieve these goals, our laboratory has focused on the development of scalable technologies to detect, measure, and manipulate molecules and circuits, both at the sub-cellular level, and at the level of cell populations. (stanford.edu)
  • This paper reports on the molecular details of the reactivity of urease, a nickel-dependent enzyme that catalyses the last step of organic nitrogen mineralization, with thiuram disulphides, a class of molecules known to inactivate the enzyme with high efficacy but for which the mechanism of action had not been yet established. (bvsalud.org)
  • Indeed, platelet releasate has previously been shown to induce endothelial cell permeability, endothelial cell chemotaxis, and corneal epithelial cell proliferation in cellular assays [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This can perform volume imaging on cryogenic samples using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) module without the need for extraneous contrast enhancing reagents, thus preserving the native cellular architecture for biological samples. (upenn.edu)
  • 2011). Major advancements in the fields of physics and chemistry has given rise to many different engineered nanoparticle structures where they can be used in drug delivery and therapeutics, biological sensors, and targeted molecular imaging(Buzea, Pacheco, & Robbie, 2007). (freedissertation.com)
  • We present a comparative network motif experimental approach, which helps to explain complex biological phenomena and increases the understanding of biological functions at the molecular level by exploring evolutionary design principles of network motifs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the classification of cardiomyopathies continues to evolve, based on the rapid evolution of molecular genetics as well as the introduction of recently described diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Sugars are the major cellular source of energy and carbon, and facilitated sugar transport in humans is made possible by sugar transporters called GLUTs that belong to the ubiquitous Sugar Porter (SP) protein family. (au.dk)
  • In a clinical setting, reduction of total IgG level would also reduce the disease causing IgGs, and potentially ameliorate the symptoms of IgG-driven autoimmune diseases. (kth.se)
  • Several reports have shown modulation of Cys-loop receptors by phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids independent of cannabinoid receptors with potential physiological or therapeutic consequences. (researchgate.net)
  • selectivity relates largely to physicochemical binding of the drug to cellular receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1) as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To illustrate the potential of such a biophysical approach, I will, in my presentation, first focus on the interaction between norovirus and glycolipid-containing membranes and investigate the role of ligands mobility and ligand clustering in modulating the affinity of the virus particle to the membrane. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we harnessed a novel CRISPR Cas9-guided promoter immunoprecipitation (CasIP) assay to identify the molecular components that interact with the FLI1 promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, to the best of our knowledge, single-cell-based techniques have been rarely used for studying the interactions of tumor cells with tissues surrounding them, i.e., the stroma. (nature.com)
  • Thus, our results can establish the potential risk for autoimmunity and multi-system disorders with COVID-19 that may come from cross-reactivity between our own human tissues and this dreaded virus, and thus ensure that the badly-needed vaccines and treatments being developed for it are truly safe to use against this disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • We applied both human monoclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (spike protein, nucleoprotein) and rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (envelope protein, membrane protein) to 55 different tissue antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • The multi‑dimensional nature of their roles in cellular homeostasis, cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication at the level of the organism, as well as their actions on the holobiome (intra‑/interspecies interaction), have garnered the interest of a large number of researchers. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Beyond the single cell, we also strive to map cellular ensembles, such as brain tissue. (stanford.edu)
  • We develop tools that can be used to construct cell and tissue atlases, and map the cellular circuits that give rise to function and behavior. (stanford.edu)
  • A longer residence time can be a potential disadvantage when it prolongs a drug's toxicity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • Chemical synapses release synaptic vesicles (SVs) at specialized presynaptic membranes, so-called active zones (AZs), which are characterized by electron-dense structures, reflecting the presence of extended molecular protein scaffolds. (sdbonline.org)
  • We address these topics using a complementary set of methods founded in macromolecular crystallography and electron microscopy to determine the 3-dimensional atomic structures of key players in these transport systems. (au.dk)
  • We are furthermore engaged in development of methods for low-resolution crystallography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, as it pertains to the challenging field of membrane protein structure. (au.dk)
  • Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were utilized for molecular mapping and functional upstream pathway analyses of highly differentially expressed genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virus entry is a complex dynamic multistep process requiring a series of fine-tuned events mediating virus diffusion through the glycocalyx, its attachment to the cell membrane and lateral diffusion to the point of entry. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, we also illustrate the potential utility of machine learning in developing next-generation antivirals against influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal of our laboratory is to develop, scale up, and broadly disseminate molecular technologies for mapping cells and functional circuits. (stanford.edu)
  • Small recurring subnetworks that perform specific cellular subfunctions (termed network motifs) are largely reused to build the functional modules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This was followed by molecular profiling of the retrieved individual cells, allowing the assessment of the correlation between phenotype distribution of intercellular interactions and their genetic bases. (nature.com)
  • They are an integral part of the later phase of the cellular stress response, i.e. the stress-induced senescence-like phenotype, as well as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • At the cellular level, the disease phenotype is broad, affecting multiple functions, such as endosomal lipid accumulation, calcium dysregulation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid peptide Aβ accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is commonly admitted that nanoparticles physico-chemical features are determining factors in nanoparticle/cell interactions and consequently influence cell behavior. (materialstoday.com)
  • But keep in mind that whole grapes are a potential choking hazard for children aged 5 years and younger. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Firstly, we could confirm that transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) secreted from breast tumor cells is a paracrine mediator of tumor-stroma interaction leading to the activation of autophagy in the stroma component fibroblasts. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, IP-10/CXCL10, a potent IFN-γ-responsive cytokine, was identified as the potential mediator of these early inflammatory abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The external potential, called the zeta potential, is widely used in the literature for the quantification of the nanoparticle charge. (materialstoday.com)
  • Recent studies demonstrating the value of multidisciplinary hand-hygiene promotion programs and the potential role of alcohol-based hand rubs in improving hand-hygiene practices are summarized. (cdc.gov)
  • The investigation of nanoparticle/cell interactions is a crucial issue with regard to two fields: nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. (materialstoday.com)
  • European Medicine Agency, Draft Guideline on the Investigation of Drug Interactions ( http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2010/05/WC500090112.pdf ]. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Nevertheless, the pathogenic hierarchy of these cellular dysfunctions remains unresolved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, it provides specific recommendations to promote improved hand-hygiene practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and personnel in health-care settings. (cdc.gov)
  • The first layer, called the Stern layer, corresponds to the primary electric surface potential or Stern potential (caused by protonation/deprotonation reactions on the surface) and ions from the bulk electrolyte strongly bound to its surface. (materialstoday.com)
  • The second diffuse outer layer is composed of free ions attracted to the primary electric surface potential of the particle. (materialstoday.com)
  • The gene duplication can create a new node which owns identical edges to the original node, but after being duplicated it could lose its functions (corresponding interaction edges are eliminated). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations of a gene sequence can modify the interfaces or domains of its protein product and lead to the emergence of new or loss of existing protein interaction patterns [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comprehending how nanoparticle's physicochemical properties influence cellular interactions leading to an immune response is still an obstacle but critical in the future of nanomedicine and drug delivery. (freedissertation.com)
  • Cell-to-cell interactions may also be studied at a single-cell level. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we designed a biochip system that allows the time-course measurement of cancer cell-stroma interactions at a single-cell level. (nature.com)
  • Before fusion, curving of the outer membranes is promoted by the phospholipase D-dependent hydrolysis of cardiolipin. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • This is followed by entry, involving membrane fusion or membrane deformation into an endocytic vesicle. (lu.se)
  • Sterols are an essential component of membranes in all eukaryotic cells and are also the precursor of multiple indispensable cellular metabolites (e.g. estrogen and testosterone in humans). (au.dk)
  • However, conventional tools used to study cell-to-cell interactions only deliver averaged information from a population of cells and fail to provide information on the distribution of responses reflecting the heterogeneity of individual cells. (nature.com)
  • In study IV, an FcRn interacting affibody molecule was investigated for IgG depletion by blocking the IgG/FcRn interaction. (kth.se)