Cells with receptors. Medical search. Frequent questions

B cells are able to gather and grab antigens by engaging biochemical modules for receptor clustering, cell spreading, generation of pulling forces, and receptor transport, which eventually culminates in endocytosis and antigen presentation. (wikipedia.org)
B cells' mechanical activity adheres to a pattern of negative and positive feedbacks that regulate the quantity of removed antigen by manipulating the dynamic of BCR-antigen bonds directly. (wikipedia.org)
The BCR for an antigen is a significant sensor that is required for B cell activation, survival, and development. (wikipedia.org)
A B cell is activated by its first encounter with an antigen (its "cognate antigen") that binds to its receptor, resulting in cell proliferation and differentiation to generate a population of antibody-secreting plasma B cells and memory B cells. (wikipedia.org)
The B cell receptor (BCR) has two crucial functions upon interaction with the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The second function is to mediate internalization for subsequent processing of the antigen and presentation of peptides to helper T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Each B cell, produced in the bone marrow, is highly specific to an antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Through this process, the body finds a way of producing multiple different combinations of antigen-recognizing receptor molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Mature B cells can only survive in the peripheral circulation for a limited time when there is no specific antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program developed a new Medical Coverage Determination (MCD) for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) Therapy, outlining coverage details and criteria. (cdc.gov)
DURHAM, N.C. - Researchers at the Duke Cancer Institute who have been studying prostate cancer cells for decades now think they know why PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels reflect cancer progression. (scienceblog.com)
With the help of cryo-electron microscopy, biochemists and structural biologists from Goethe University Frankfurt, in collaboration the University of Oxford and the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, were able to visualize the whole T-cell receptor complex with bound antigen at atomic resolution for the first time. (news-medical.net)
After binding of a suitable antigen to the receptor, a signaling pathway is triggered inside the T cell that 'arms' the cell for the respective task. (news-medical.net)
Researchers led by Lukas Sušac, Christoph Thomas, and Robert Tampé from the Institute of Biochemistry at Goethe University Frankfurt, in collaboration with Simon Davis from the University of Oxford and Gerhard Hummer from the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, have now succeeded for the first time in visualizing the structure of a membrane-bound T-cell receptor complex with bound antigen. (news-medical.net)
A comparison of the antigen-bound structure captured using cryo-electron microscopy with that of a receptor without antigen provides the first clues to the activation mechanism. (news-medical.net)
For the structural analysis, the researchers chose a T-cell receptor used in immunotherapy to treat melanoma and which had been optimized for this purpose in several steps in such a way that it binds its antigen as tightly as possible. (news-medical.net)
A particular challenge on the way to structure determination was to isolate the whole antigen receptor assembly consisting of eleven different subunits from the cell membrane. (news-medical.net)
Once they had successfully achieved this, the researchers used a trick to fish those receptors out of the preparation that had survived the process and were still functional: due to the strong interaction between the receptor complex and the antigen, they were able to 'fish' one of the most medically important immune receptor complexes. (news-medical.net)
The subsequent images collected at the cryo-electron microscope delivered groundbreaking insights into how the T-cell receptor works, as Tampé summarises: 'On the basis of our structural analysis, we were able to show how the T-cell receptor assembles and recognizes antigens and hypothesize how signal transduction is triggered after antigen binding. (news-medical.net)
The remaining question is how antigen binding could instead lead to T-cell activation. (news-medical.net)
The co-receptor CD8 is known to approach the T-cell receptor after antigen binding and to stimulate the transfer of phosphate groups to its intracellular part. (news-medical.net)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a rapidly growing treatment modality. (medscape.com)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic proteins expressed on the surface of T cells. (medscape.com)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Intestinal antigens (IAg) (originating either from pathogenic microorganisms or from food) that enter the portal circulation, are captured by intrahepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to T cell receptor (TCR) recognition and hence the activation of the adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
This partnership validates our approach of using synthesized human T cell repertoires to generate safe and effective libraries to discover antigen specific TCRs at scale," said Elizabeth Wood, Ph.D., Founder & CEO, JURA Bio. (businesswire.com)
T cell receptors recognise virus or bacteria fragments bound to specialised molecule called Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). (medicalxpress.com)
Monash University researchers used the Australian Synchrotron, effectively a giant microscope the size of a football field, to study the binding of this super T cell receptor in complex with the HIV antigen. (medicalxpress.com)
It's called Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy. (fundrazr.com)
Specificity of gold-coated AFM cantilevers towards the targeted receptors was achieved via a bespoke modification scheme, using self-assembled amine-terminated alkanethiol to facilitate attachment of the receptor specific antigen NP. (bham.ac.uk)
However, certain factors such as low junctional diversity, thymic selection, and T-cell proliferation upon antigen exposure can affect TCR sharing among individuals. (biorxiv.org)
Antigen recognition depends on both T-cell specificity and the molecular complex presenting the antigen. (biorxiv.org)
T cells that encounter their specific cognate MHC-presented antigen will bind and proliferate, leading to an immune response. (biorxiv.org)
Successful antigen recognition requires T cells to effectively recognize the body's MHC and coordinate a response. (biorxiv.org)

The BCR can be found in a number of identical copies of membrane proteins that are exposed at the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
Heterodimers may exist in the B cells as either an association or combination with another pre B cell-specific proteins or alone, thereby replacing the mIgM molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Heterotrimeric G proteins are essential mediators of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signalling to intracellular effectors. (nih.gov)
Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins play essential roles in mediating insulin/IGF signaling by recruiting a series of downstream effectors 23 . (nature.com)
2013) The molecular basis for Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cell recognition of MR1 proteins. (scirp.org)
This product category contains extracellular proteins of human, murine or rat sequence that, for the most part, initiate or otherwise affect signaling through cell surface receptors. (peprotech.com)

GABA B receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and through coupling to different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms they mediate slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
His experience from research into another type of receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, supports his belief that there are significant similarities between these two groups. (ki.se)
Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) is a cation selective, DAG-regulated, Ca 2+ -permeable channel activated by the agonists of G q -protein-coupled heptahelical receptors. (mdpi.com)
Context: Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-G1 (ADGRG1) is the most abundant GPCR in human pancreatic islets, but its role in islet function is unclear. (lu.se)

The receptors in the fundic mucosa that mediate gastrin stimulation of acid secretion have been studied. (jci.org)
Canine parietal cells have specific receptors for gastrin that mediate stimulation of parietal cell function. (jci.org)
Detailed molecular analyzes showed that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors mediate their BCR pathway antagonistic effects via recruitment of prohibitin-2 (PHB2) thereby impairing its role in signal transduction downstream the IGHV-mutant IgM-BCR. (nature.com)
Metabotropic GABA B receptors mediate slow inhibitory effects presynaptically and postsynaptically through the modulation of different effector signalling pathways. (springer.com)
IL-17a-producing gammadeltaT cells and NKG2D signaling mediate bacterial endotoxin-induced neonatal lung injury: implications for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (jax.org)

Overexpression of SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 in IGHV mutated CLL cell models resulted in reduced proliferation and impaired responses to BCR ligation, whereas the knockout of both receptors showed opposing effects and increased sensitivity toward inhibition of components of the BCR pathway. (nature.com)
B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a critical role in driving proliferation and survival of the malignant clone in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), supported by the clinical activity of inhibitors targeted toward BCR-associated kinases [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
Sex steroid receptors (SSRs), which are involved in BC etiology and progression, promote BCSC proliferation, dedifferentiation and migration. (wjgnet.com)
Comparing HESC controls with HESCs deficient in SRC-3, gene enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed gene set revealed an overrepresentation of genes involved in chromatin remodeling, cell proliferation/motility, and programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
Combined with simple proliferative responses, the identified nucleotides are also shown to have functional consequences by inducing T cell proliferation for CD4/V β 20-1 + T cells, while failing to induce proliferation in other T cell isolates. (scirp.org)
Additionally, approximately 66% of melanomas harbour the BRAFV600E mutation, which represents a constitutive signal of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that is known to phosphorylate a range of substrates, resulting in the regulation involved in hyper-proliferation and survival of transformed cells. (bl.uk)
We speculate that BRAFV600E has altered VDR gene targeting by inducing VDR translocation into the cytosol and/or its association capacity with its target molecules that usually results in the abrogation of cell proliferation, including β-catenin for its cytosolic re-distribution and ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 with which VDR corporately induce the degradation of genes involves in cell cycle arrest like c-myc. (bl.uk)
Design: Genes associated with the ADGRG1 in human islets was probed by RNA-sequencing of human pancreatic islet isolated from cadaveric donors, followed by functional studies on β-cell proliferation, apoptosis, and insulin secretion in human and mouse islets and in INS-1 cells. (lu.se)
Beneficial effects of collagen type III on β-cell function via activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, suppression of RhoA and caspase-3 activity, increased β-cell viability, and proliferation were abolished when ADGRG1 was downregulated in β-cells. (lu.se)
T cells , MDSCs , and macrophages in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry , and the proliferation and immune cell infiltration of lung metastases were observed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence . (bvsalud.org)

The requirement for tumor angiogenesis has been therapeutically exploited in the clinical setting mainly by means of inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of ligands and receptors. (lu.se)

Komatsu, T., Moriya, N. and Shiohara, T. (1996) T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and function of human epidermal T cells: Restricted TCR V alpha-V beta genes are utilized by T cells residing in the lesional epidermis in fixed drug eruption. (scirp.org)
Although a number of studies have shown that patients with activating mutations in exons 18-21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene respond particularly well to gefitinib and erlotinib, a prospective, randomised study was needed to differentiate between the prognostic and predictive value of EGFR mutations. (ersjournals.com)
Clinically relevant improvements in survival have been attained by administering targeted therapy to the appropriate patient population: for example, the addition of trastuzumab to standard first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer 3 . (ersjournals.com)
This review considers the current evidence linking biomarker profile to efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the clinical implications of recent findings. (ersjournals.com)
Incidence of Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. (iasp-pain.org)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are routinely used in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. (iasp-pain.org)
Airway epithelial epidermal growth factor receptor mediates hogbarn dust-induced cytokine release but not Ca2+ response. (cdc.gov)
Because several other inhaled agents induce airway epithelial cell responses through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, we hypothesized that HDE would activate EGFRs and that EGFRs would be required for some of the responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)

Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.com)
While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.com)
Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.com)
Researchers there, along with the lab of Illinois biochemistry professor David Kranz, verified the strong affinity between the virus and the decoy receptor, rivaling the best antibodies identified to date, Procko said. (scitechdaily.com)
Using a novel approach of co-immunoprecipitation with antibodies to E2 for capture, we identified binding of E2:ERα complexes to FOXP3 protein in CxCa-derived Treg cells. (ncbs.res.in)

SARS-CoV-2 , the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, binds to a receptor called ACE2, which plays a number of roles in regulating blood pressure, blood volume, and inflammation. (scitechdaily.com)
Although ACE2 binds to SARS-CoV-2, it is not optimized for that purpose, which means that subtle mutations to the receptor could make it bind more strongly. (scitechdaily.com)
Furthermore, they found that the decoy receptor not only binds to the virus in live tissue cultures, it effectively neutralizes it, preventing cells from becoming infected. (scitechdaily.com)
Oestrogen Receptor-α binds the FOXP3 promoter and modulates regulatory T-cell function in human cervical cancer. (ncbs.res.in)
The leptin receptor is turned on (activated) by a hormone called leptin that attaches (binds) to the receptor, fitting into it like a key into a lock. (medlineplus.gov)

The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. (wikipedia.org)
The former forms a type 1 transmembrane receptor protein, and is typically located on the outer surface of these lymphocyte cells. (wikipedia.org)
In order for membrane mIgM molecules to transport to the surface of the cell, there must be a combination of Ig-α and Ig-β with the mIgM molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Pre-B cells that do not generate any Ig molecule normally carry both Ig-α and Ig-β to the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
BCRs have distinctive binding sites that rely on the complementarity of the surface of the epitope and the surface of the receptor, which often occurs by non-covalent forces. (wikipedia.org)
Stanford, CA - Plant biologists have discovered the last major element of the series of chemical signals that one class of plant hormones, called brassinosteroids, send from a protein on the surface of a plant cell to the cell's nucleus. (scienceblog.com)
Cell-surface receptors are the targets for more than 60% of current drugs. (nih.gov)
On their surface, these special white blood cells carry a receptor that recognizes antigens . (news-medical.net)
They carry a special receptor called the T-cell receptor on their surface that recognizes antigens - small protein fragments of bacteria, viruses and infected or cancerous body cells - which are presented by specialized immune complexes. (news-medical.net)
Many surface receptors relay signals into the interior of the cell by changing their spatial structure after ligand binding. (news-medical.net)
it recognizes a specific protein on the surface of malignant cells (eg, CD19 on B-cells). (medscape.com)
To understand the cellular dialogue taking place on the cell surface - that is Gunnar Schulte's ambition. (ki.se)
These killer CD4+ T cells could recognise very low amounts of HIV thanks to the expression of "super" T cell receptors on their surface. (medicalxpress.com)
The other half of the small diameter DRG cells (35% of total DRG cells) possess cell surface glycoconjugates that can be identified by binding of the lectin Isolectin B4 from Griffonia simplicifolia (IB4) ( Silverman and Kruger, 1990 ). (jneurosci.org)
To infect a human cell, a virus must first bind to a receptor protein on the surface of the cell. (scitechdaily.com)

A B-cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction moiety. (wikipedia.org)
One function is signal transduction, involving changes in receptor oligomerization. (wikipedia.org)

After the recombination of the D and J regions, the cell is now referred to as a "late pro-B" cell and the short DJ region can now be recombined with a longer segment of the VH gene. (wikipedia.org)
The TWiVsters describe a new animal model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome, produced by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the mouse gene encoding an ortholog of the virus receptor. (virology.ws)
In approved products, a patient's own T lymphocytes are collected by apheresis and transduced with a gene that encodes for a CAR to direct the T cells against cancer cells. (medscape.com)
By leveraging machine learning to rewrite the gene synthesis process from the ground up, we can produce extraordinarily high-quality immune receptors libraries to discover and train probabilistic machine learning models to ensure a faster development process that identifies TCRs recognizing the most challenging therapeutic targets. (businesswire.com)
These mice have a unique T-cell receptor (TCR) gene in all cells, as opposed to the mixture present from normal TCR gene rearrangement occurring during immune system development. (ca.gov)
Recombination of the TCRα chain includes only V and J gene segments, resulting in fewer possible rearrangements and making the TCRβ chain a more suitable target for identifying unique T cells, and thus the focus of this paper. (biorxiv.org)
Leptin receptor deficiency is caused by mutations in the LEPR gene. (medlineplus.gov)
This gene provides instructions for making a protein called the leptin receptor, which is involved in the regulation of body weight. (medlineplus.gov)
LEPR gene mutations that cause leptin receptor deficiency prevent the receptor from responding to leptin, leading to the excessive hunger and weight gain associated with this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Because hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occurs in leptin receptor deficiency, researchers suggest that leptin receptor signaling is also involved in regulating the body's response to hormones that control sexual development, and that this response is affected by LEPR gene mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
Andiran N, Celik N, Andiran F. Homozygosity for two missense mutations in the leptin receptor gene (P316:W646C) in a Turkmenian girl with severe early-onset obesity. (medlineplus.gov)
We compared the power of gene expression measurements with that of conventional prognostic markers, i.e., clinical, histo- pathological, and cell biological parameters, for predicting distant metastases in breast cancer patients using both established prognostic indices (e.g., the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI)) and novel combinations of conventional markers. (lu.se)

The hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D3), has shown to induce anti-cancerous effects through its cognate vitamin D receptor (VDR), in part through inducing the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signalling. (bl.uk)

Oestrogen controls Foxp3 expression in regulatory T cells (Treg cells) via a mechanism thought to involve oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα), but the molecular basis and functional impact of ERα signalling in Treg cells remain unclear. (ncbs.res.in)
When analysing separately subgroups, according to the oestrogen receptor (ER) status both approaches could predict clinical outcome more easily for the ER-positive than for the ER-negative cohort. (lu.se)

The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)

There was a close correlation between agonist the receptor occupation and the receptor activation. (acs.org)
When stimulated by agonists of the histamine H1 receptor (H1R), TRPC6 activity decays to the baseline despite the continuous presence of the agonist. (mdpi.com)
One dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist, tirzepatide (Mounjaro), is also approved. (medscape.com)

The B-cell receptor is composed of two parts: A membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule of one isotype (IgD, IgM, IgA, IgG, or IgE). (wikipedia.org)
as well as how a signal from outside the cell is interpreted by a receptor in the cell membrane and translated to a different biochemical signal inside the cell," Gunnar Schulte explains. (ki.se)
The cell membrane receptors by which HDE initiates these responses have not been identified. (cdc.gov)

We found that the expression level of Ki-67 protein in lung metastatic tumor tissues of mice treated with JFK was significantly reduced, while the infiltration level of CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells was significantly increased. (bvsalud.org)

There are a number of genes that encode each of these regions in the genome and can be joined in various ways to generate a wide range of receptor molecules. (wikipedia.org)
After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
The conversion of mature somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, both by nuclear transfer and transduction with specific 'reprogramming' genes, represents a major advance in regenerative medicine. (ca.gov)
These mice have prerearranged T-cell receptor (TCR) genes in all cells. (ca.gov)
Surprisingly, approximately 50% of mice with prerearranged TCR genes develop spontaneous T cell lymphomas, which originate in the thymus. (ca.gov)
Results: ADGRG1 is the most abundant GPCR mRNA in both human and mouse islets, and its expression inhumanislets strongly correlates with genes important for β-cell function and T2 Drisk. (lu.se)
The vast diversity of possible T-cell receptors (TCR) is generated by the random recombination of genes in the third complimentary determining regions (CDR3) within a TCR's α and β chains. (biorxiv.org)
Computational analysis unveiled a hitherto unknown role for ACVRL1 in relation to genes modulating the functionality of the immune cell compartment. (lu.se)

Its pharmacology and cell biology are largely unknown, and no known natural cell lines or tissues possess sufficient numbers of fBB 4 -R's to allow either of these to be determined. (acs.org)
However, stable fBB 4 -R cell lines were obtained in CHO-K1 cells which were shown to faithfully demonstrate the correct pharmacology of the related Bn receptor, the GRP receptor, when expressed in these cells. (acs.org)
On 1 February 2017, Gunnar Schulte was appointed Professor of Receptor Pharmacology at Karolinska Institutet. (ki.se)

Merging computational and simple cell assays, this work establishes a role of nucleotides in T cells found to contain this TCR subtype. (scirp.org)
The sigma-2 receptor (σR2) subtype has been identified pharmacologically [ 7 ], but has yet to be cloned. (molvis.org)

DPhe 6 ,βAla 11 ,Phe 13 ,Nle 14 ]Bn(6−14) was found to have high affinity ( K i = 0.4 nM) for the fBB 4 receptor and 125 I-[DTyr 6 ,βala 11 ,Phe 13 ,Nle 14 ]Bn(6−14) to be an excellent ligand for this receptor. (acs.org)
The sigma-1 receptor (σR1), a ligand-operated chaperone, has been inferred to be neuroprotective in previous studies using σR1 ligands. (molvis.org)
Objective: Investigate how ADGRG1 expression and activation by its ligand, collagen III, impacts β-cell function in normal and type 2 diabetic (T2D) islets. (lu.se)
We report that ERα ligand oestradiol (E2) is significantly increased in human cervical cancer (CxCa) tissues and tumour-infiltrating Treg cells (CD4+CD25hiCD127low), whereas blocking ERα with the antagonist ICI 182,780 abolishes FOXP3 expression and impairs the function of CxCa infiltrating Treg cells. (ncbs.res.in)

We also found that SRC-3 depletion in cultured HESCs results in a significant attenuation in the induction of a wide-range of established biomarkers of decidualization, despite exposure of these cells to a deciduogenic stimulus and normal progesterone receptor expression. (frontiersin.org)
ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) parameters [1]. (lu.se)

However, recent developments have highlighted the fact that drugs can interact with binding sites on the receptor molecule that are distinct from the orthosteric site, known as allosteric sites. (nih.gov)
Identification of NKp80, a novel triggering molecule expressed by human NK cells. (nih.gov)
We identified a subset of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients with high Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptor-related signaling that showed an indolent clinical course. (nature.com)
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptors are a group of nine type I transmembrane receptors that are mainly expressed on a variety of immune cells. (nature.com)

Three of the five classes of Bn receptor antagonists that interacted with higher affinity with the fBB 4 -R functioned as fBB 4 -R antagonists and two as partial agonists. (acs.org)
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are revolutionizing blood sugar control in diabetes, and their popularity as a weight loss treatment in the general population has skyrocketed in recent years. (medscape.com)
Agonists targeting their receptors are well established for the treatment of type 2 diabetes . (medscape.com)

Boston) - Researchers from the Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) have demonstrated that commensal species of the genus Neisseriae are low inducers of human airway epithelial cell responses as compared to the pathogenic species. (scienceblog.com)
An aqueous extract of dust from these facilities (hogbarn dust extract [HDE]) induces IL-6 and IL-8 release and several other responses in isolated airway epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
Thus, HDE activates EGFRs and their downstream signaling, and EGFR activation is required for some but not all airway epithelial cell responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)

The first checkpoint in the development of a B cell is the production of a functional pre-BCR, which is composed of two surrogate light chains and two immunoglobulin heavy chains, which are normally linked to Ig-α (or CD79A) and Ig-β (or CD79B) signaling molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Since the SLAMF low signature was strongly associated with an unmutated CLL immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) status in large datasets, we investigated the impact of SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 on the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling axis. (nature.com)
Statistical comparison of all inhibitory and activating killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) between controls, survivors, and persons who died of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, 2015-2017. (cdc.gov)
A human T cell-specific cDNA clone encodes a protein having extensive homology to immunoglobulin chains. (jax.org)

Since SLAMF receptors play a role in NK cell biology, we reasoned that these receptors may impact NK cell-mediated CLL immunity. (nature.com)
With the most emerging development in molecular imprinting, MIP-mediated cell recognition has now shown great promise in cell biology research, theranostics and regenerative medicine. (rsc.org)
BOSTON--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- JURA Bio , a biotechnology company developing immune-based therapeutics using machine learning and synthetic biology, announced today a research collaboration with Syena, a cell therapy product company and subsidiary of Replay, a genome writing company, to develop T cell receptor (TCR) based therapies. (businesswire.com)

Overall, our work gives a molecular insight into ERα signalling and highlights a fundamental role of E2 in controlling human Treg cell physiology. (ncbs.res.in)

NKp80 is a marker of natural killer (NK) cell maturity in secondary lymphoid tissues and supports NK cell development through a stage 4a intermediate with ILC3-associated features. (nih.gov)
Western blot analysis of extracts from various tissues using CB1 Receptor (D5N5C) Rabbit mAb (upper) and β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). (cellsignal.com)
These results suggest that JFK may upregulate the proportion of CD4+ T, CD8+ T and NKT cells in peripheral blood , reverse the TCR changes caused by tumor metastasis , and promote the infiltration of CD8+ T and NK cells in tumor tissues , thereby inhibiting the growth of tumors and ultimately reducing the burden of lung cancer metastasis . (bvsalud.org)

Similar alterations within the VDR signalling pathway are known to occur in the context of colon cancer, in which a diminished response of 1,25D3 signal is associated with increased expression of the epithelial mesenchymal transcription factor (EMT) SNAIL1, which can directly inhibit the activities of VDR and E-cadherin, resulting in epithelial cells to lose their polarity. (bl.uk)
Similar EGFR phosphorylation and requirement of EGFRs for maximal IL-6 and IL-8 release were found with primary isolates of human bronchial epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)

The TWiV team discusses eye infections caused by Zika virus, failure of Culex mosquitoes to transmit the virus, and replication of norovirus in stem cell derived enteroids. (virology.ws)
Current knowledge about the most aggressive forms of BC points to the role of specific cells with stem properties located within BC, the so-called "BC stem cells" (BCSCs). (wjgnet.com)
Traditionally, the treatment of hematological malignancies is administrated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. (hindawi.com)
In addition, the isolation and storage of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells have been used to rebuild the immune system for the treatment of hematological malignancies and might be promising for the dynamic equilibrium expansion of functional T cells [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Reprogramming is a promising treatment, which redifferentiates T-induced pluripotent stem cells (T-IPSCs) into naïve and cytotoxic T cells or dedifferentiates within their own lineage [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Frizzleds are involved in regulating stem cells and cell division, among other things. (ki.se)
The engineered TCR-NK technology in Syena is based on the scientific discoveries of Katy Rezvani, M.D., Ph.D., professor of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy at MD Anderson. (businesswire.com)
Pluripotent stem cell lines can now be generated from an individual's own cells, facilitating the generation of stem cell-based therapeutics that do not trigger immune rejection. (ca.gov)
Pluripotent stem cell lines can now be generated from an individual's own cells, facilitating the generation of immunologically acceptable stem cell-based therapeutics. (ca.gov)
She subsequently went through the second strongest form of chemo in order to then receive a stem cell transplant in September of 2022. (fundrazr.com)

Proglumide inhibited gastrin binding and selectively inhibited gastrin stimulation of parietal cell function. (jci.org)
Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)
In this study, we examined whether H1R desensitization contributes to regulating the decay rate of TRPC6 activity upon receptor stimulation. (mdpi.com)

The trk receptors in general are expressed in a nonoverlapping manner by sensory neurons in combination with the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 ( Wright and Snider, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)
To elucidate the role of affinity in regulating these processes, a technique for measuring B cell receptor affinity maturation in GCs in situ was developed. (bham.ac.uk)
Subsequently, the developed AFM technique was applied in interrogation of B cells and hybridomas - expressing receptors of varying affinity towards NP - and two GCs in tissue sections (Chapter 6). (bham.ac.uk)
T cells mature in the thymus, where their affinity to MHC molecules is tested prior to subsequent release into the periphery. (biorxiv.org)
Therefore, in healthy individuals self-immunogenic T cells are targeted for apoptosis, while those yielding mild affinity to the MHC are released into the periphery for circulation ( 5 ). (biorxiv.org)

The interaction between the GM and intrahepatic immune microenvironment is regulated and stabilized by a complex network of factors including IAg, immune cells, and cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
In the liver, cell types such as hepatocytes, immune cells, and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) interact with each other. (frontiersin.org)
Monash researchers, together with colleagues from the Pasteur Institute in Paris, have discovered a unique set of "super" receptors on immune cells capable of killing HIV across genetically diverse populations, making them a potential candidate for immunotherapy treatments. (medicalxpress.com)

The R73 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes the αβ T-cell Receptor (TCR) found on most peripheral T lymphocytes, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and thymocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)

Moreover, IRS-1 was found to form high-molecular-mass complexes in different types of cells 30 . (nature.com)
These molecular findings are supported at the cellular level by the inability of HESCs to morphologically transform from a stromal fibroblastoid cell to an epithelioid decidual cell when endogenous SRC-3 levels are markedly reduced. (frontiersin.org)
A more molecular-pharmacological angle of attack will, I believe, help focus more attention on the similarities between these types of receptors," he says. (ki.se)
The latest decade has witnessed a great advance in MIPs from simple molecular extraction to efficient cell recognition, implying that MIP-based synthetic receptors are approaching to be perfectly functioning replicates of their natural counterparts. (rsc.org)

Here we show that these neurons express the receptor components for glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling (RET, GFRα-1, and GFRα-2). (jneurosci.org)
Li Q, Cao Z, Zhao S. The Emerging Portrait of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha (GFRα) in Cancers. (medsci.org)
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)

Through biochemical signaling and by physically acquiring antigens from the immune synapses, the BCR controls the activation of the B cell. (wikipedia.org)
Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that increased age is correlated with decreased overall TCRβ clone sharing, indicating that the pattern of private TCRβ clonal expansion is a general feature of the T-cell response to other infectious antigens. (biorxiv.org)
Engineered TCR-modified T cells (TCR-T cells) are reprogrammed to express a TCR that can recognize specific antigens only present on tumor cells, thereby enabling a precise and potent immune response to attack a patient's tumor. (pressetext.com)

In the work presented here, we provide compelling data that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors may not only enhance immune control of CLL but also negatively regulate BCR signaling and thereby impact sensitivity towards BTK inhibition in the substantial fraction of patients with SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 expressing M-CLL. (nature.com)
another ER chaperone), and becomes available to regulate inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor-mediated Ca 2+ release to maintain mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis. (molvis.org)

The intracellular domains ensure intracellular signaling necessary to activate the effector functions of the CAR T cell. (medscape.com)
Removing senescent T cells from the physiological cycle to maintain the homeostasis of memory and effector T cells is the way of replacement. (hindawi.com)
To understand the spatial relationship of GABA B receptors with two key effector ion channels, the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channel and the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel, biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were performed. (springer.com)
These data provide a better framework for understanding the different roles played by GABA B receptors and their effector ion channels in the cerebellar network. (springer.com)

Procko then made a soluble version of the engineered receptor. (scitechdaily.com)
Detached from cells, the soluble receptor is suspended in solution and free to interact with the virus as a decoy receptor. (scitechdaily.com)

1998) Comparative sequence analysis of the human T cell receptor beta chain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondylarthropathies: Evidence for antigenic selection of T cells in the synovium. (scirp.org)

Exposure of Beas-2B cells to HDE caused EGFR phosphorylation and downstream ERK activation, and both responses were blocked by the EGFR-selective kinase inhibitor AG1478. (cdc.gov)

2007) Structural basis of T-cell specificity and activation by the bacterial superantigen TSST-1. (scirp.org)
Although these receptors are structurally similar, they determine specificity for four ligands-GDNF, Neurturin (NRTN), Artemin (ARTN) and Persephin (PSPN). (medsci.org)

This study investigated the link between GM and the intrahepatic T cell receptor (TCR) immune repertoire (IR), and whether GM modulates the intrahepatic immune microenvironment via TCR IR during liver fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
1994) T cell receptor V alpha repertoire of infiltrating T cells in labial salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. (scirp.org)
1992) T cell receptor repertoire of infiltrating T cells in lips of Sjogren's syndrome patients. (scirp.org)
The T-cell repertoire derives this high diversity through somatic recombination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) locus, a random process that results in repertoires that are largely private to each individual. (biorxiv.org)
All of these factors contribute to shaping the TCRβ repertoire, and understanding their interplay has important implications for the use of T cells for therapeutics and diagnostics. (biorxiv.org)

We previously demonstrated the critical involvement of SRC-2 in murine embryo implantation as well as in human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization, a cellular transformation process required for trophoblast invasion and ultimately placentation. (frontiersin.org)
Figure 1 Illustration demonstrating a hypothetical summary of the potential effect of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor activation on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell function. (wjgnet.com)
MSC: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell. (wjgnet.com)

125I-[Leu15]-G17 binding correlated positively with the parietal cell (r = 0.98) and negatively with chief cell content (r = -0.96). (jci.org)

T cells play a crucial role in this context. (news-medical.net)
2011) Shared and restricted T-cell receptor use is crucial for carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (scirp.org)

Prevention of Pancreatic β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes. (lu.se)
These gut peptides modulate glucose metabolism by stimulating insulin release after eating and by inhibiting the release of glucagon by pancreatic cells. (medscape.com)

Wucherpfennig, K.W. and Hafler, D.A. (1995) A review of T-cell receptors in multiple sclerosis: Clonal expansion and persistence of human T-cells specific for an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide. (scirp.org)

Several types of adoptive cell transfer are under investigation, but CAR T-cell therapy is the first to enter clinical practice. (medscape.com)
Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. (hindawi.com)
Clinical and cell-based studies as well as investigations on mice have demonstrated pivotal roles for each SRC in numerous physiological and pathophysiological contexts, underscoring their functional pleiotropy. (frontiersin.org)
The principle of preferentially selecting patients most likely to benefit from therapy according to their genetic profile has led to substantial clinical benefit in some tumour types, and has potential to considerably refine treatment in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (ersjournals.com)
Mainz/Martinsried/Munich, Germany, 21 February 2022 - BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX, "BioNTech") and Medigene AG (FSE: MDG1, Prime Standard, "Medigene"), a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company focusing on the development of T cell immunotherapies, today announced that they have entered a multi-target research collaboration to develop T cell receptor (TCR) based immunotherapies against cancer. (pressetext.com)

Indeed, our experiments showed significantly decreased degranulation capacity of primary NK cells from CLL patients expressing low levels of SLAMF1 and SLAMF7. (nature.com)
A previous study demonstrated that SLAMF1, SLAMF2, and SLAMF7 receptors are rather downregulated on CLL cells as compared to their normal B cell counterpart [ 12 ], suggesting that high expression of these molecules may have detrimental (e.g., antiproliferative) effects in the CLL context. (nature.com)

However, how this signaling pathway is activated has remained a mystery until now - despite the fact that the T-cell receptor is one of the most extensively studied receptor protein complexes. (news-medical.net)
When GFLs bind with GFRα, they form complexes and associate with the RET receptor, subsequently activating downstream signaling. (medsci.org)

In CAR-T therapy, a T-cell-a specific type of cell-is taken from a patient's blood and changed in the laboratory so it will attack cancer cells. (cdc.gov)
White blood cells are removed from the blood, then T-cells are separated and sent to the laboratory so that the cells can be changed to attack cancer cells. (cdc.gov)
Once infused, the cells continue to expand in number and bind to cancer cells via the engineered receptor, resulting in immunologic cancer cell death. (medscape.com)
Can the T-cells in immune system combat cancer? (themedguru.com)
The goal is to provide the foundation for new treatments of diseases that are linked to these receptors, such as various types of cancer and fibrosis. (ki.se)
Access thousands of knockout cell lysates, generated from commonly used cancer cell lines. (abcam.com)
The human immune system is a powerful source of safe and effective immune receptors, and while one patient might lack a TCR necessary to fight cancer, it may be present in another. (businesswire.com)
T cell therapy has become a disruptive medical innovation in the treatment of patients with cancer. (pressetext.com)
Jinfukang inhibits lung cancer metastasis by regulating T cell receptors. (bvsalud.org)
However, it is still unknown whether JFK plays a role in treating lung cancer metastasis by regulating T-cell receptors (TCRs). (bvsalud.org)
A lung metastasis model was established in C57BL/6J and BALB/c- nude mice by tail vein injection of Lewis lung cancer cells . (bvsalud.org)
Cancer cells sustain their metabolic needs through nutrients and oxygen supplied by the bloodstream. (lu.se)

T cells are our immune system's customized tools for fighting infectious diseases and tumor cells. (news-medical.net)
However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Cross-linked R73 mAb induces T-cell activation and differentiation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Based on whether it cooperates with the second receptor RET, GFRα has also been widely linked to the mechanisms that contribute to cell growth, differentiation and migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)

The TWiVeroos examine a reverse spillover of Newcastle disease virus vaccines into wild birds, and identification of a protein cell receptor for murine noroviruses. (virology.ws)

Functional GABA B receptors are obligate heterodimers composed of GABA B1 and GABA B2 subunits, and they are implicated in a number of disorders, including cognitive impairments, nociception, anxiety, depression and epilepsy (Bettler et al. (springer.com)

These receptors have both extracellular and intracellular components. (medscape.com)
HDE exposure induced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in Beas-2B cells and in primary cell isolates, but this response was neither mimicked by EGF nor inhibited by AG1478. (cdc.gov)

The inventors' work established that CXCL16, a membranebound scavenger receptor, influences the uptake, subcellular localization, and cytokine profile induced by D oligonucleotides. (fda.gov)

In vivo, tumour cells are simultaneously exposed to signals initiated by a variety of oncogenes, cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and it is the integrated signals that determine the cellular phenotype. (europa.eu)
CD4+ T cells, or helper T cells, in HIV controllers can interact with various HLA class II molecules presenting the same "piece" of HIV. (medicalxpress.com)
This revealed another remarkable feature of those killer CD4 T cells: their ability to recognise HIV fragment in genetically diverse individuals (with different HLA molecules). (medicalxpress.com)
The Gras team and their colleagues found that these killer CD4 T cells can bind with HLA molecules shared by a quarter of world population, a figure that is likely to increase as studies progress, according to Associate Professor Gras. (medicalxpress.com)

Upon HIV infection, CD4 T cells, which are an important part of our protective immune system, can be depleted and drop dramatically in numbers, leading to a weak immune system with the progression of the disease to AIDs. (medicalxpress.com)

However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
He also is exploring how the decoy receptor bonds to other coronaviruses with the potential to become future pandemics if they cross from bats to humans. (scitechdaily.com)
In the past biennium, working groups have concluded that there is sufficient evidence to classify infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus 8 as carcinogenic to humans (IARC 0RQRJUDSKV, Vol. 67 and 70). (who.int)

Procko examined more than 2,000 ACE2 mutations and created cells with the mutant receptors on their surfaces. (scitechdaily.com)
By analyzing how these interacted with the coronavirus, he found a combination of three mutations that made a receptor that bound to the virus 50 times more strongly, making it a much more attractive target for the virus. (scitechdaily.com)

CAR-T therapy may result in serious side effects including two potentially dangerous syndromes: Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Immune Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS). (cdc.gov)
KLRF1, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on nearly all natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytoxicity and cytokine release (Kuttruff et al. (nih.gov)

Antigen35

Proteins6

Protein-coupled4

Mediate5

Proliferation10

Ligands and receptors1

Epidermal8

Antibodies5

Binds5

Surface15

Signal transduction2

Gene13

Cognate1

Oestrogen receptor2

Tyrosine kinase1

Agonist3

Membrane3

Metastatic1

Genes8

Pharmacology3

Subtype2

Ligand4

Progesterone receptor2

Molecule4

Agonists3

Airway epithelial3

Immunoglobulin4

Biology3

Physiology1

Tissues3

Epithelial2

Stem10

Stimulation3

Affinity5

Immune cells3

Monoclonal Antibody1

Molecular4

Neurotrophic4

Antigens3

Regulate2

Effector4

Soluble2

19981

EGFR1

Specificity2

Repertoire5

Stromal cell3

Negatively1

Crucial2

Pancreatic2

Clonal1

Clinical5

SLAMF72

Complexes2

Cancer12

Tumor3

Differentiation2

Murine1

Heterodimers1

Intracellular2

Subcellular1

Molecules4

Progression1

Humans3

Mutations2

Cytokine release2