• Recent research demonstrated that the potential to induce apoptosis through endoplasmic reticular (ER) stresses can be a target for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • The addition of Protein G enhances the ability of DX2 to induce apoptosis, presumably by cross-linking the Fas receptor. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • These biochemical modifications impair the activities, and possibly also the stability, of caspase 8 and 3 and thereby weaken the capacity of these enzymes to induce apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Signaling pathways that regulate cell survival and proliferation are altered within the operation of carcinogenesis. (cetp-signal.com)
  • The Ras Raf Mek Erk pathway interacts with other mitogenic pathways to find out cell fate after extracellular stimuli. (cetp-signal.com)
  • 10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • The induction of ATF-3 expression was mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in GS-002-treated cells. (hindawi.com)
  • These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis by the propolis derivative, GS-002, is partially mediated through ER stress and ATF-3-dependent pathways, and GS-002 has the potential for development as an antitumor drug. (hindawi.com)
  • Discover pathways on apoptosis induction, caspase activation and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (abcam.com)
  • View our webinar focusing on the pathways of necroptotic cell death. (abcam.com)
  • Therefore, many genetically programmed cell suicide pathways have evolved to promote long-term survival of species from yeast to humans. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Infected cells can undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). (medscape.com)
  • Apoptosis is a mechanism of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. (abcam.com)
  • Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
  • Of particular interest to our group are the mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins and other factors regulate programmed cell death, particularly in the nervous system, in cancer and in virus infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • If DNA damage or abnormalities in spindle formation are detected at these checkpoints, the cell is forced to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis . (britannica.com)
  • This signal transduction cascade regulates fundamental cellular processes which includes cell proliferation and survival, differentiation, Romidepsin and apoptosis. (cetp-signal.com)
  • This allows organelles redistribution during oocyte differentiation, leading to about 20% of the foetal germ cells differentiating into primary oocytes with enriched cytoplasmic content. (wikipedia.org)
  • MicroRNAs are a kind of small noncoding RNAs, which are involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by binding the translation section and lead to either mRNA degradation or translational inhibition and have been found to regulate crucial biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [ 10 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Like cell division and differentiation, cell death is also critical for normal development and maintenance of healthy tissues. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • With succeeding generations of tumor cells, differentiation is typically lost, growth becomes less regulated, and tumors become less responsive to most chemotherapeutic agents. (wikidoc.org)
  • There is clonal proliferation of malignant hematopoietic stem cells, dysregulated cellular differentiation, and compromised tissue function. (standardofcare.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • To investigate this, Yang and her team, including postdoctoral fellow Woo-Yong Park, Ph.D., and graduate student Justin Grey, focused on cells that die through a process known as apoptosis. (cancer.gov)
  • An introductionto the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death and apoptosis assays and markers. (abcam.com)
  • Relative cell viability was assessed using MTT assays. (wjgnet.com)
  • In vitro neurosphere assays revealed striking increases in the number of neurosphere forming cells from p107 −/− brains that exhibited enhanced capacity for self-renewal. (rupress.org)
  • Role of PDL-1 in NSCLC chemoresistance was assessed using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown and various functional assays including MTT, cell invasion, sphere formation, and cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • In the mouse, germ cell nest breakdown occurs just after birth, and in humans, this breakdown occurs during the second trimester of gestation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanisms that regulate the ability of epithelia to maintain their integrity in contexts involving large numbers of eliminated cells remain poorly understood, despite the fact that this situation occurs regularly during embryogenesis or the maintenance of adult tissues. (pasteur.fr)
  • This occurs frequently in animal development: in human fetuses, for example, cells in the hand are directed to die to remove webbing between the fingers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
  • This mainly occurs in the primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow for B cells and thymus for T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • During the process of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation occurs following the activation of endonucleases. (rndsystems.com)
  • The mutation occurs in hematopoetic stem cells capable of self renewal and additional mutations are associated with clonal progression may occur in progenitor cells conferring a self renewal capability. (standardofcare.com)
  • Apoptosis can be induced in response to hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • The severity of hypoxia determines whether cells become apoptotic or adapt to hypoxia and survive. (bmj.com)
  • The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
  • During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
  • Mammalian cells have developed a range of adaptations to survive acute and even prolonged hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • Hypoxia reduces the ability of a cell to maintain its energy level, because less ATP will be obtained from glycolysis than from oxidative phosphorylation. (bmj.com)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate whether astaxanthin confers a neuroprotective effect against glutamate stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia-induced apoptotic or necrotic cell death in primary cultures of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (molvis.org)
  • Our results suggest that astaxanthin has a neuroprotective effect against RGC death induced by glutamate stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, which induce apoptotic and necrotic cell death. (molvis.org)
  • Apoptosis protects the body by removing genetically damaged cells that could lead to cancer, and it plays an important role in the development of the embryo and the maintenance of adult tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apoptosis is a genetically controlled cell death that was initially recognized for its role in development. (jneurosci.org)
  • Due to random genetic recombinations, immune cells genetically express receptors for the specific self and foreign antigens in the central lymphoid organs. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Notably, PTP inhibition enhanced Cr induced forward Cyclovirobuxine D mutations at the HPRT locus in two mammalian cell lines, which was coincident with enhanced clonogenic survival, suggesting regulators of tyrosine phosphorylation might figure out cell survival death as an initial event just after Cr insult. (cetp-signal.com)
  • Mammalian cells have multiple responses to low or zero oxygen concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we show a novel function for Retinoblastoma family member, p107 in controlling stem cell expansion in the mammalian brain. (rupress.org)
  • Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Hoechst 33342 staining, and quantified by flow cytometry. (wjgnet.com)
  • Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although not infected by an ebolavirus, lymphocytes undergo apoptosis resulting in decreased lymphocyte counts. (cdc.gov)
  • It is the developmental stage within the large cycle of lymphocyte maturation and it is going to make sure that these lymphocytes can distinguish self and non-self-cells which is very important to prevent auto-immune diseases. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The epithelial cells and these other stromal tissues of the thymus influence the selection and maturation of the T lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • In the normal thymus, bone marrow-derived precursor cells destined to become thymocytes (or T lymphocytes) enter the thymus at the corticomedullary junction and differentiate as they pass through the thymus. (medscape.com)
  • The lymphocytes' selection process and developmental progression are influenced by direct contact between the TCR-CD3 complex on the thymocyte and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-antigen complex on thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
  • The lab also is using the telomerase null mice to explore the essential role of telomerase stem cell viability. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and lipid peroxidation was assayed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The number of live RGCs was then counted using a cell viability assay. (molvis.org)
  • Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)
  • How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
  • Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • In fruit flies, apoptosis is activated by proteins known as Grim, Hid and Reaper. (elifesciences.org)
  • created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptosis regulatory proteins are delicately balanced. (bmj.com)
  • We have reported that many insults can trigger cells to activate a cellular death pathway (Nature, 361:739-742, 1993), that several viruses encode proteins to block attempted cell suicide (Proc. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The proteins that play a role in stimulating cell division can be classified into four groups- growth factors , growth factor receptors , signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins ( transcription factors ). (britannica.com)
  • Cells use special proteins and checkpoint signaling systems to ensure that the cell cycle progresses properly. (britannica.com)
  • However, the cell cycle and its checkpoint systems can be sabotaged by defective proteins or genes that cause malignant transformation of the cell, which can lead to cancer . (britannica.com)
  • Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were also used to determine apoptosis and the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • r\nThat's what took the team down the road of targeting BCL-2 family of proteins, also called B-cell lymphoma two, a pro survival protein that keeps a cell alive. (abbvie.com)
  • Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • Several main apoptotic indicators were found in GS-002-treated cells, such as the cleaved forms of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
  • Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as bax or bak are clearly required to initiate cytochrome c/apaf-1/caspase-9 mediated cell death during oxygen deprivation. (nih.gov)
  • Our results revealed that H2O2 increased the rate of apoptosis by stimulating various pro-apoptotic processes, such as the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Rictor, an essential component of mTOR complex 2, undergoes caspase-mediated cleavage during apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli. (nih.gov)
  • and are recycled by a type of white blood cell called a macrophage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We concluded that anionic PLs- are important mediators of the macrophage response to environmental agents and that they undergo a highly regulated metabolism during macrophage apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • At higher doses, cells undergo mitochondrial destabilization due to calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and die. (wellnessresources.com)
  • Herein, we address the complex crosstalk that involves mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial destabilization accompanied by mitophagy, and cell death. (wellnessresources.com)
  • Interestingly, cell death regulators also regulate many other cellular processes prior to a death stimulus, including neuronal activity, mitochondrial dynamics and energetics. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
  • A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
  • In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)
  • The interconnected oogonia are surrounded by somatic cells called granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Later on in development, the germ cell nests break down through invasion of granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The result is individual oogonia surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Germ cell nest breakdown involves the degeneration of many germ cell nuclei and the invasion of pre-granulosa cells into the nests. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the granulosa cells have fully surrounded the remaining nuclei, a basement membrane is laid down and completely encompasses each newly formed primordial follicle. (wikipedia.org)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Granulosa Cells, Cumulus MH - Coronary Sinus UI - D054326 MN - A07.231.908.194.500 MS - A short vein that collects about two thirds of the venous blood from the MYOCARDIUM and drains into the RIGHT ATRIUM. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the past decade, induction of apoptosis has become the major strategy to combat cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Results in the induction of death or apoptosis in some cells that carry potentially active TCRs or BCRs. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • T and B cells need induction of costimulatory activation apart from the MHC-induced activation. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The p38 survival signal was transiently lost during both spontaneous and Fas-induced apoptosis, favoured induction of the apoptotic process. (lu.se)
  • They underwent ovulation induction and on a random and blind basis, patients were assigned to receive silymarin (70 mg × 3/day) or placebo from the beginning of the induction cycle. (who.int)
  • Ces patientes ont été soumises à une induction d'ovulation et ont reçu, sur la base d'une répartition aléatoire et en aveugle, de la silymarine (70 mg × 3 fois par jour) ou un placebo, dès le début du cycle d'induction. (who.int)
  • Germ cell nests emerge following consecutive divisions of progenitor cells resulting from cleavage furrows arresting and forming intercellular bridges. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. (who.int)
  • This prospective study was conducted with 96 spent CM from patients undergoing IVF cycle, in order to determine relationships of Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM with embryo cleavage quality on day 3. (who.int)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • Research on vitamin D regulation of thymocyte selection, Th1 and Th17 cells, T-cell programed cell death, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is summarized and integrated into model mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we review what is currently known oxygen deprivation induced cell death and speculate about initiating mechanisms resulting in the activation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. (nih.gov)
  • However, Dad-lacZ expression within the germline is present only in GSCs and to a lower level in CBs, suggesting there are mechanisms that actively restrict Dpp signaling in germ cells. (biologists.com)
  • The scientists' observations confirm that tissues need to develop mechanisms preventing the elimination of neighboring groups of cells. (pasteur.fr)
  • Drugs affect "younger" tumors (i.e. more differentiated) more effectively, because mechanisms regulating cell growth are usually still preserved. (wikidoc.org)
  • Some of the mechanisms for peripheral tolerance involve the T regulatory cells (subsets of CD4 and CD8). (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Neutrophil apoptosis can be modulated by several factors in the local environment, such as the Fas ligand (FasL), but the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. (lu.se)
  • In this dissertation thesis, I describe and elucidate intracellular signalling mechanisms that are involved in regulation of spontaneous and Fas-induced apoptosis in human neutrophils. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
  • Scientists from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and Institut Curie, France have jointly uncovered a new mechanism of the human MCM2-7 complex in regulating replication initiation, which can be used as a novel and effective anticancer strategy with the potential for selective killing of cancer cells. (sflorg.com)
  • The scientists observed that when the mechanism is deactivated, the simultaneous elimination of several neighboring cells compromises tissue integrity. (pasteur.fr)
  • The scientists' research also shows that inhibiting this protective mechanism has a drastic effect on epithelial tissue: cell elimination becomes random and neighboring cells can be eliminated simultaneously, leading to repeated losses of connectivity. (pasteur.fr)
  • By using a new optogenetic tool that can control cell death in time and space and bypass the protective mechanism, the scientists confirmed that epithelial integrity was compromised when neighboring cells were eliminated simultaneously. (pasteur.fr)
  • The same protective mechanism based on local EGFR-ERK activation was discovered independently in human cell lines by the research group led by Olivier Pertz at the University of Bern in Switzerland (the results are published in the same journal 2 ). (pasteur.fr)
  • AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • The miR-217 inhibitor and mimics were transfected into human podocyte cells to investigate the pathological mechanism of miR-217 in this disease. (hindawi.com)
  • This mechanism produces the less reactive auto receptors with a moderate affinity for self-antigens that would lead to disease allowing the cells to survive. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Here the mechanism involves selecting self-recognizing cells that can protect which relies on a subset of T cells, Treg cells that inhibit immune responses against self-antigens and foreign antigens. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Apoptosis was the likely mechanism for the observed effect. (researchgate.net)
  • Another major part of the research work performed in my laboratory has to do with cancer and the understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis. (csuohio.edu)
  • Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
  • A research group at the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) has discovered molecular events that determine whether cancer cells live or die. (medicalxpress.com)
  • These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (wellnessresources.com)
  • Criteria for diagnosis of MDS consist of anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia that persist for six months or longer, dysplasia greater than 10% in at least one bone marrow cell lineage, and MDS associated clonal cytogenetic abnormalities or molecular markers. (standardofcare.com)
  • To enable tissue renewal, human tissues constantly eliminate millions of cells, without jeopardizing tissue integrity, form and connectivity. (pasteur.fr)
  • The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, apoptosis has been traditionally regarded as a silent process that does not affect surrounding tissues. (elifesciences.org)
  • A Non-Aggressive, Highly Efficient, Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Human Brain-Tumors and Brain-Tissues to Viable Single-Cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Dendritic cells and macrophages found in large quantities at the corticomedullary junction arise from mesodermal tissues (bone marrow). (medscape.com)
  • Here we report that hiPSC can, in a highly autonomous manner, recapitulate spatiotemporally each of the main steps of retinal development observed in vivo and form three-dimensional retinal cups that contain all major retinal cell types arranged in their proper layers. (nature.com)
  • In the present study, we evaluated the role of the intrinsic pathway in neuronal apoptosis at different stages of rat brain development and during maturation of primary cortical neurons in vivo as well as in response to brain injury. (jneurosci.org)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants present in natural products protect cells by reducing H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, one pitfall observed throughout the years in in vitro and in in a multitude of human trials in vivo , is the resistance of cancer cell lines to hTRAIL-induced apoptosis. (csuohio.edu)
  • In vivo experiments were conducted using a co-implantation xenograft mouse model with live cell imaging and immunohistochemistry. (cdc.gov)
  • During this process macrophages are activated to release inflammatory mediators and undergo apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • None of the tested forms induced a pro-inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells or in macrophages either. (springer.com)
  • Inflammatory mediators trigger an inflammatory cycle that further stimulates the chondrocytes and synovial lining cells, eventually breaking down the cartilage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The human neutrophil is the most abundant granulocyte and the major type of cell involved in an acute inflammatory response. (lu.se)
  • Micronuclei-bearing cells frequently underwent apoptosis but not multipolar mitosis. (figshare.com)
  • Besides this function, it has been proposed that germ-line cysts may also facilitate the onset of meiosis, facilitate organelle biogenesis through enriching mitochondria, inhibit mitosis to restrict the number of germ cells entering meiosis, and restrict the motility of germ cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Broadly, most chemotherapeutic drugs work by impairing mitosis ( cell division ), effectively targeting fast-dividing cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • Most of our understanding of germ cell nests come from Drosophila (fruit flies). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the Drosophila model, germ cell nests arise from incomplete cell division (cytokinesis), forming bridges between the daughter cells called ring canals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The available experimental data support the hypothesis that the cap cells(CpCs) at the anterior tip of the germarium form an environmental niche for germline stem cells (GSCs) of the Drosophila ovary. (biologists.com)
  • This process plays a major role in development and tissue homeostasis, and abnormal regulation of apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases ( Fuchs and Steller, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The clonal outgrowth of mutant stem cells favors and abnormal hematopoietic stem cell niche. (standardofcare.com)
  • A generalized marrow dysfunction with an abnormal bone marrow stroma (in terms of its ability to support and maintain hematopoiesis) is thought to be present in addition to a stem cell defect. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
  • This theory has its origins in the concept of "Wirkungssphäre" or "sphere of influence" proposed by Strassburger (1893) , in which he argued that a nucleus can only support a discrete volume of cytoplasm, thus defining the upper limits to cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • The germ cells that donate their cytoplasm undergo apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This disease has been reported to contribute to an immune response to the self-antigens expressed on the podocyte cell and is similar to many immune diseases [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This selection removes the T or B cell clones before they attain maturation if they possess receptors that recognize self-antigens and bind to them with strong affinity. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • V region which is specific to antigens in developing B cells usually undergoes receptor editing. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • TREG cells recognize specific self-antigens and foreign antigens through the TCR interactions. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • In addition to testing the substance on a cellular level and studying cells in a petri dish in the lab, his team also fed it orally to mice with tumours. (uwindsor.ca)
  • When cancer cells die, they leave behind signals that spur the growth of the cells they've left behind, according to a new study led by Li Yang, Ph.D. , Senior Investigator in the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics . (cancer.gov)
  • Collaborating with Steven D. Cappell, Ph.D. , Stadtman Investigator in the Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, who applies state-of-the-art live-cell imaging approaches in his cell cycle research, they saw the nuclei of dying cells swell dramatically and then burst, spewing their DNA and other contents into their surroundings. (cancer.gov)
  • How do genes control the growth and division of cells? (medlineplus.gov)
  • A variety of genes are involved in the control of cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The cell cycle has checkpoints (also called restriction points), which allow certain genes to check for problems and halt the cycle for repairs if something goes wrong. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cells will adapt by activating the expression of genes involved in metabolic adaptation, such as those involved in glycolysis. (bmj.com)
  • Finally, transcription factors within the nucleus must initiate the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation. (britannica.com)
  • The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
  • T cells with moderate affinity for self-antigen generate T regulatory cells or Treg cells during negative selection with an upregulation of transcription factor FOXP3 and enter the periphery where they inhibit or down-regulate the proliferation of self-reactive T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • MIM 601231) are components of a protein complex that integrates nutrient- and growth factor-derived signals to regulate cell growth (Sarbassov et al. (nih.gov)
  • The bi-stable switch would enable T cells to integrate signals from pathogens, hormones, cell-cell interactions, and soluble mediators and respond in a biologically appropriate manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • TUNEL based assay for high throughput quantitative detection of apoptosis. (rndsystems.com)
  • The TiterTACS Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection Kit is a TUNEL based assay utilizing specific in situ labeling technology that enables a 96 well microplate format for high throughput quantitative detection of apoptosis. (rndsystems.com)
  • Tight regulation of this process ensures that a dividing cell's DNA is copied properly, any errors in the DNA are repaired, and each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Disruption of normal regulation of the cell cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Using protein-sensitive fluorescent markers, the research team revealed that when a cell dies, the EGFR-ERK pathway - a cell activation signaling pathway known for its involvement in the regulation of cell survival - is temporarily activated in the neighboring cells. (pasteur.fr)
  • In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The MIN6 pancreatic β-cells were used to investigate the cytoprotective effects of C3G on the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Taken together, our results suggest that C3G isolated from mulberry fruit has potential for use as a phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention of diabetes by preventing oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • NO is also involved in cell kil ing but often used as a marker of oxidative Hanahan and Weinberg (2011), i n can also react with superoxide at DNA damage, although other bas- their landmark review "Hallmarks diffusion-limited rates to form per- es are also susceptible to oxidation. (who.int)
  • The National Human Genome Research Institute's Talking Glossary provides information about the cell cycle . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Moreover, it has recently been shown that mouse and human ES cells can develop into a three-dimentional (3D) optic cup in culture that remarkably resembles the embryonic vertebrate eye 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
  • Parvovirus B19 is a small, single-stranded DNA virus that replicates in dividing cells and thus has a remarkable tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, we examined the antitumor effects of GS-002 in human hepatoma Hep3B and HepG2 cells in vitro . (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, the researchers successfully purified the MCM2-7 DH from cultured human cells and determined its structure at 2.59 Å. (sflorg.com)
  • To investigate the effect of gambogic acid (GA) on apoptosis in the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. (wjgnet.com)
  • In this area, our recent research has included studying cutaneous shave biopsies for diagnosing primary colonic adenocarcinoma as well as growth inhibition and apoptosis in human brain tumor cell lines using selenium. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Billions of cells die per day in the human body. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Insufficient cell death underlies human cancer and autoimmune disease, while excessive cell death underlies human neurological disorders and aging. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • HBP-ALL human leukemia cells were left untreated (top left & bottom left panels), treated for 5 hr (top middle & bottom middle panels) or 12 hr (top right & bottom right panels) with anti-human Fas antibody (Clone DX2, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We used VES and FBZ, at low concentrations, singly and in combination, to test their inhibitory effects on proliferation of human and mouse prostate cancer cells in vitro. (researchgate.net)
  • Administered alone, FBZ inhibited proliferation faster than VES in both mouse and human prostate cancer cell lines and a synergistic effect between both was also observed. (researchgate.net)
  • Human ML-1 myeloblastic leukemia cells were treated with 1 µM staurosporine and then harvested, fixed, and labeled according to the protocol in the TiterTACS In Situ Detection Kit (Catalog # 4822-96-K ) prior to colorimetric analysis. (rndsystems.com)
  • The human body has nearly 1013 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • In females, it is suggested that cysts form from dividing progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adult p107-null mice had elevated numbers of proliferating progenitor cells in their lateral ventricles. (rupress.org)
  • The paradox is that the mutation provides advantage at the stem cell level and progenitor cells, with a disadvantage at the level of hematopoietic precursors. (standardofcare.com)
  • In cells, to initiate DNA replication, MCM2-7 complex must be first assembled into a head-to-head double hexamer (DH) encircling duplex DNA at thousands of places along each chromosome. (sflorg.com)
  • Unfortunately, scientists have yet to identify specific features of malignant and immune cells that would make them uniquely targetable (barring some recent examples, such as the Philadelphia chromosome as targeted by imatinib ). (wikidoc.org)
  • ABSTRACT To investigate the effects of silymarin on follicular development, we enrolled 40 healthy women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to male factor infertility in this trial. (who.int)
  • Neuronal apoptosis plays an essential role in early brain development and contributes to secondary neuronal loss after acute brain injury. (jneurosci.org)
  • Recent studies have provided evidence that neuronal susceptibility to apoptosis induced by traumatic or ischemic injury decreases during brain development. (jneurosci.org)
  • As chemotherapy affects cell division, tumors with high growth fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the aggressive lymphomas , including Hodgkin's disease ) are more sensitive to chemotherapy, as a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any time. (wikidoc.org)
  • In mice, Yang's team found that the contents released from burst nuclei triggered growth-promoting signaling in nearby mammary tumor cells and accelerated the growth of metastatic tumors. (cancer.gov)
  • The team suspects apoptotic cells may also help drive the growth of metastatic tumors in humans. (cancer.gov)
  • In an analysis of tumor samples from patients with breast or lung cancer, they found that outcomes tended to be worse when the genetic activity of patients' tumors indicated a high level of apoptosis-induced nuclear expulsion. (cancer.gov)
  • Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This definition excludes other tumors that may affect the thymus, such as lymphoma and germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)
  • This approach set the basis for therapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating aberrantly glycosylated cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Cancer cells that die via apoptosis (larger dark purple structures) expel their nuclear contents (orange and yellow stringy structures) to spur metastasis and growth of living cancer cells (smaller light blue structures). (cancer.gov)
  • Yang says her team's findings highlight the fact that individual cancer cells are part of a community of cells whose members influence one another's behavior - even in their final moments. (cancer.gov)
  • And when a patient undergoes cancer treatment, the number of dying cancer cells in the body rises still further. (cancer.gov)
  • Various stressors that cancer cells naturally encounter in the body can trigger apoptosis. (cancer.gov)
  • The researchers' first step was to watch cancer cells under a microscope as they underwent apoptosis. (cancer.gov)
  • They say it may be possible to block those signals to prevent cells that die during cancer therapy from provoking the growth of any cancer cells that remain. (cancer.gov)
  • After finding treatment possibilities in dandelion root extract, biochemistry professor Siyaram Pandey and the students in his lab have discovered a second natural extract that successfully targets cancer cells. (uwindsor.ca)
  • His latest paper shows that extract from the flowering plant long pepper makes cancer cells undergo apoptosis-essentially committing suicide. (uwindsor.ca)
  • It targets the weakness of the cancer cells, the metabolic vulnerability of cancer cells. (uwindsor.ca)
  • Healthy cells can tolerate the extract but cancer cells cannot tolerate it, they die," says Dr. Pandey. (uwindsor.ca)
  • He wanted a secondary natural extract in case the cancer cells became resistant to dandelion root extract. (uwindsor.ca)
  • This crude mixture has multiple compounds which are targeting cancer cells in multiple ways. (uwindsor.ca)
  • They are targeting the multiple weaknesses of the cancer cells. (uwindsor.ca)
  • Rictor promotes tumor progression of rapamycin-insensitive triple-negative breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • Apoptosis allows cancer cells to multiply and build up, crowding out normal, healthy cells. (abbvie.com)
  • Thus, by using natural non-harmful substances and rhTRAIL, under the conditions established, only cancer cells will undergo apoptosis while normal cells will not be affected. (csuohio.edu)
  • Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Type 1 diabetes, classified as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is caused by the loss of insulin secretion due to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of C3G isolated from mulberry fruit against the H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis of MIN6N pancreatic β-cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In individuals with this condition, pancreatic acinar cells do not develop in utero and are replaced by fatty tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Cytoplasmic bridges between the remaining nuclei are cleaved through protease action of the surrounding somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast to the above model, we find that an enhancer trap inserted near the Dpp target gene, Daughters against Dpp ( Dad ), is expressed in additional somatic cells within the germarium,suggesting that Dpp protein may be distributed throughout the anterior germarium. (biologists.com)
  • Apoptosis is a common process throughout life that helps the body get rid of cells that no longer work or that it doesn't need. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Scientists from the Institut Pasteur and the CNRS today revealed a new process which allows eliminated cells to temporarily protect their neighbors from cell death, thereby maintaining tissue integrity. (pasteur.fr)
  • Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
  • They soon focused on apoptosis, a normal process where aged or damaged cells undergo a programmed death. (abbvie.com)
  • We asked ourselves, 'Could we actually come up with a molecule that could get into that cancer cell and turn that cell death process back on? (abbvie.com)
  • Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
  • There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great potential for the modelling of these diseases or as potential therapeutic agents. (nature.com)
  • A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can undergo an asymmetric self-renewal division to produce one descendant like itself and one descendant whose progeny ultimately differentiate into a defined cell type( Fuchs and Segre, 2000 ). (biologists.com)
  • Telomerase is required for cells that undergo many rounds of divisions, especially tumor cells and some stem cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • People with this disease die of bone marrow failure, likely due to stem cell loss. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Pediatric Brain Tumor Cancer Stem Cells: Cell Cycle Dynamics, DNA Repair, and Etoposide Extrusion. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenias. (standardofcare.com)
  • A heterogenous group of myeloid disorders characterized by somatically mutated hematopoietic stem cells,the presence of variable peripheral cytopenias, and a broad risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (standardofcare.com)
  • The MDS cell of origin is a hematopoetic stem cell that proliferates and escapes apoptosis. (standardofcare.com)
  • RESULTS: We demonstrated that chemotherapy-stimulated CAFs promoted tumorigenic and stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells, which contribute to their chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: Our results show that PDL-1-positive CAFs modulate stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells by secreting elevated HGF, thereby promoting chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)