• Changes in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) are known to influence a variety of events in developing neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • The MitoXpress Intra nanoparticle probe is taken up by cells during an overnight loading period and responds in real-time to any changes in intracellular oxygen concentration in both 2D cultures as well as a wide range of 3D systems, including Matrigel, RAFT™, microtissues, Alvetex ® , Mimetix ®, and other scaffolds. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Here, we studied changes in intracellular environment of PD patients' brain cells and how they modulate aSYN protein aggregation, using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and biochemical methods combined with infrared spectroscopy technique. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) may be part of the signaling pathway by which both local environmental factors and cell autonomous developmental programs influence corticogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cellular respiration can reduce the levels of intracellular oxygen concentration, creating a local oxygen gradient. (bmglabtech.com)
  • However, when the environmental O 2 concentration is reduced to ~6% using an ACU, the intracellular [O 2 ] falls to ~4.5% for metabolically less active cells and is close to anoxia for metabolically active cells. (bmglabtech.com)
  • As the real oxygen concentration experienced by cells in culture is a function of environmental O 2 concentration, cell metabolism, and seeding density, MitoXpress Intra provides the ideal tool to intelligently modulate these parameters to achieve a desired and specific intra-cellular oxygen concentration. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Optimization of antibody staining concentration is essential to obtain good quality data in antibody-based applications such as surface and intracellular staining using TotalSeq™ antibodies. (biolegend.com)
  • 1. In this study we have investigated δ and μ opioid receptor-mediated elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ](i)) in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. (edu.au)
  • An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) recruits a multitude of endothelial Ca2+-dependent pathways, such as Ca2+/Calmodulin endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). (fupress.net)
  • It has long been known that histamine receptor 1 (H1R) mediates the effects of histamine on human pulmonary fibroblasts through an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), but the underlying signaling mechanisms are still unknown. (unipv.it)
  • Histamine elicited complex intracellular Ca2+ signatures in WI-38 fibroblasts throughout a concentration range spanning between 1 µM and 1 mM. (unipv.it)
  • Flow cytometric analysis of Raw264.7 cells (blue) and A20 cells (green) using CD19 (Intracellular Domain) (D4V4B) XP ® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor ® 488 Conjugate) (solid lines) or a concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP ® Isotype Control (Alexa Fluor ® 488 Conjugate) #2975 (dashed lines). (cellsignal.jp)
  • The resulting intracellular accumulation and increased localised concentration of L68Q cystatin C might be an important event in the molecular pathophysiology of amyloid formation and brain haemorrhage in patients with HCCAA. (lu.se)
  • Overview of Disorders of Potassium Concentration Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation, but only about 2% of total body potassium is extracellular. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Increasing intracellular pH will cause stimulation of glycolysis, in turn producing phosphate-containing intermediates, driving phosphorous intracellularly and lowering the extracellular concentration. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on your experimental set up, you may find abundant intracellular targets such as cytokines. (biolegend.com)
  • Phosphate is the most abundant intracellular anion and is essential for membrane structure, energy storage, and transport in all cells. (medscape.com)
  • Cell shrinkage is a hallmark of apoptosis. (uzh.ch)
  • Potassium efflux, which is involved in cell shrinkage, has been previously described as an essential event of apoptosis. (uzh.ch)
  • We initiated apoptosis in HL-60 cells in hypertonic medium consisting of either high concentrations of NaCl, mannitol or KCl. (uzh.ch)
  • Apoptosis was initiated in hypertonic conditions consisting of high intracellular K+. (uzh.ch)
  • We previously demonstrated an approach (Antibody-antigen Interaction Dependent Apoptosis (AIDA)) whereby a single anti-β-galactosidase intracellular single chain Fv antibody fragment, fused to inactive procaspase-3, induced auto-activation of caspase-3 after binding to the tetrameric β-galactosidase protein. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Complix has generated pre-clinical proof of concept data, which demonstrates that CPABs can penetrate cancer cells and act on targets within the cytosolic space to induce a therapeutic effect (induce apoptosis and death of the cancer cells). (complix.com)
  • To establish the mechanism of cell death, we transfected COS-1 cells with vectors expressing amyloidogenic hIAPP or nonamyloidogenic rat IAPP and mutant hIAPP constructs and assayed them for markers characteristic of apoptosis and necrosis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hiddinga, HJ & Eberhardt, NL 1999, ' Intracellular amyloidogenesis by human islet amyloid polypeptide induces apoptosis in COS-1 cells ', American Journal of Pathology , vol. 154, no. 4, pp. 1077-1088. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Reduced β cells mass is often seen in T2D individuals, caused by enhanced β cells apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • It is now understood that several components drive β cells dysfunction and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • The analysis of intracellular inorganic phosphate in aqueous homogenates of Papaver somniferum cell suspensions results in an overestimation of intracellular inorganic phosphate (P i ) levels by as much as 300% due to protein interference and apparent phosphatase activity. (psu.edu)
  • TCA extraction is shown to be a superior method for the analysis of intracellular P i , especially in phosphate‐depleted plant cells. (psu.edu)
  • These microbes all enjoy at least part of their lives shielded from the onslaught of white blood cells, antibodies, and other immune defenses that the body launches against pathogens that live outside of host cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • The following protocol describes combined surface and intracellular protein staining with TotalSeq™-B antibodies, with or without TotalSeq™-B hashtag antibodies using the Single Cell 3' v3.1 Feature Barcoding technology from 10x Genomics. (biolegend.com)
  • This protocol has been validated solely for the detection of surface or intracellular protein expression with the corresponding TotalSeq™-B antibodies. (biolegend.com)
  • This includes TotalSeq™ antibodies targeting intracellular proteins of interest. (biolegend.com)
  • AIDA can be generally applicable for any target protein inside cells by involving appropriate pairs of antigen-specific intracellular antibodies. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • CPABs act with great precision and high affinity on intracellular targets through combining the advantages of antibodies with the cell penetrating ability of small chemicals. (complix.com)
  • Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
  • Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)
  • The details of how proteins are moved around within a cell are being deciphered with high-powered microscopy combined with sophisticated techniques for labeling individual molecules, including fluorescent or "quantum dot" tags and antibodies tailored to adhere to a protein in a particular state of activation. (alzforum.org)
  • Traditional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are the product of normal B cell development and genetic recombination. (cellsignal.jp)
  • While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.jp)
  • Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.jp)
  • Colocalisation studies in cells were performed by double staining with antibodies against human cystatin C and marker proteins for lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, or the endoplasmic reticulum, and evaluated by confocal microscopy. (lu.se)
  • Of particular interest is the manner of appearance of the fluorescent material in the vicinity of the nuclear membrane of the fat cells. (rupress.org)
  • These compounds work by altering membrane permeability in infected cells, leading to the release of immature viral particles, a mechanism distinct from current HBV treatments. (news-medical.net)
  • The pHi plays a critical role in membrane transport and other intracellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells adjust their pHi accordingly upon an increase in acidity or basicity, usually with the help of CO2 or HCO3- sensors present in the membrane of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • These sensors can permit H+ to pass through the cell membrane accordingly, allowing for pHi to be interrelated with extracellular pH in this respect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, using a microelectrode may be challenging in situations where the cells are too small, or the intactness of the cell membrane should remain undisturbed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The microelectrode method for measuring pHi consists of placing a very small electrode into the cell's cytosol by making a very small hole in the plasma membrane of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The tubules are all made of the same water-repellant fatty membrane that surrounds the cell, separating their interior from the watery cytoplasm. (alzforum.org)
  • There is also traffic in the opposite direction: molecules are transported into the cell from outside, including worn-out or excess receptor and channel proteins from the outside of the cell membrane. (alzforum.org)
  • Many are taken in by endocytosis, sinking into pits in the membrane that pinch off to form vesicles that drop into the cell, where they are known as early endosomes. (alzforum.org)
  • Next, we found that Ach-induced NO production was hindered by L-NAME, a selective NOS inhibitor, and BAPTA, a membrane permeable intracellular Ca2+ buffer. (fupress.net)
  • The National Institutes of Health recently awarded an additional $1.6 million to researchers at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) to continue a 14-year effort aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the fundamental principles governing intracellular membrane traffic - a crucial process occurring in every human cell. (uams.edu)
  • By unraveling the intricate workings of intracellular membrane traffic, researchers aim to uncover novel therapeutic targets and strategies to combat these debilitating illnesses. (uams.edu)
  • We have pioneered the functional analysis of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG), an evolutionarily conserved protein complex critical for membrane trafficking and protein modifications in the Golgi apparatus," he said, describing the Golgi as "the central hub for protein modification and sorting within cells. (uams.edu)
  • Additionally, Lupashin highlighted that the COG complex, a critical component of intracellular membrane traffic, can be exploited by various pathogens such as viruses, pathogenic bacteria, and toxins. (uams.edu)
  • Moreover, removing the membrane-bound CD59 did not affect insulin secretion, suggesting that intracellular CD59 is involved in this function. (lu.se)
  • Rather, it was produced by a tiny intracellular bacterium known as Legionella pneumophila , the pathogen behind a serious lung infection called Legionnaire's disease. (the-scientist.com)
  • It is a facultative intracellular bacterium that multiplies within macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • To implement this screening approach, cells from wastewater sludge samples were stained with 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to target cells with high polyphosphate (polyP) accumulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, methods to analyze accumulation of specific compounds in individual living cells from a community, followed by recovery and isolation, are still limited. (frontiersin.org)
  • C3 was required to maintain autophagy activity in β cells, as evidenced by the massive accumulation of LC3-II puncta, indicating that in the absence of C3 autophagosomes do not fuse with lysosomes. (lu.se)
  • In general, clones expressing the gene encoding L68Q cystatin C secreted slightly lower amounts of the protein than clones expressing wild-type human cystatin C. Both immunofluorescence cytochemistry and western blotting experiments showed an increased accumulation of cystatin C in cells expressing the gene encoding L68Q cystatin C compared with cells expressing the gene for the wild-type protein. (lu.se)
  • It was the early 2000s, and Mukherjee was working in Dennis Shields's lab at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, studying how cells organize the internal transport of proteins and other cargo. (the-scientist.com)
  • Thus, users are advised to fully validate their application if they desire to obtain high quality data that includes surface proteins, intracellular proteins, and RNA expression data. (biolegend.com)
  • Many tumour causing proteins, such as those expressed after chromosomal translocations or from point mutations, are intracellular and are not enzymes per se amenable to conventional drug targeting. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • CPABs are a revolutionary class of small proteins that can enter tumor cells and selectively modulate intracellular protein-to-protein interactions, which play a key role in the initiation and progression of a broad range of cancers. (complix.com)
  • As the control center of the cell, the nucleus contains multiple regulatory proteins which are essential to cancer growth and so represents a rich repository of important targets for Complix' CPABs. (complix.com)
  • Major intracellular buffer systems include those involving proteins or phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the proteins have acidic and basic regions, they can serve as both proton donors or acceptors in order to maintain a relatively stable intracellular pH. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the Ipsen Foundation's 23rd Colloquium on Alzheimer's Disease, held 28 April 2008 in Paris, the focus shifted from the rogue proteins that characterize these diseases to the regulation of their movements around the cell. (alzforum.org)
  • Intracellular traffic plays a pivotal role in the transportation of proteins and other macromolecules to diverse cellular locations, both within and outside the cell. (uams.edu)
  • Using a workflow combining laser microdissection and single-cell mass spectrometry, the researchers identified more than 1,700 proteins per liver cell. (genomeweb.com)
  • Mechanistically, we found that the HSC stimulating effect of CPX was directly mediated by chelation of the intracellular iron pool, which in turn affected iron-dependent proteins and enzymes mediating cellular metabolism and respiration. (lu.se)
  • The goal of specific molecular targets in cancer therapy is to create a "magic bullet" that selectively kills cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • The goal of gene therapy is to introduce new genetic material into cancer cells that selectively kills them without causing toxicity to the surrounding cells. (medscape.com)
  • This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • Histamine-evoked intracellular Ca2+ signals were abolished by pyrilamine, which selectively blocks H1R, and significantly reduced by ranitidine, which selectively inhibits H2R. (unipv.it)
  • In contrast, selectively isolating microorganisms that accumulate desirable intracellular compounds, such as high-valued organic chemicals or environmental pollutants (such as heavy metals), can be challenging, as these organisms may not grow rapidly or may not grow in a unique environment that can be utilized as a selection parameter or selective pressure. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that the antifungal agent ciclopirox ethanolamine (CPX) selectively supported immature CD34+CD90+ cells during culture and enhanced their long-term in vivo repopulation capacity. (lu.se)
  • Although spontaneous changes of [Ca 2+ ] i have been examined in immature cortical neurons, the calcium dynamics of cortical precursor cells have received less attention. (jneurosci.org)
  • Monitoring Intracellular Calcium Ion Dynamics in Hair Cell Populations with Fluo-4 AM" PLOS ONE Vol. 7 Iss. (bepress.com)
  • BAPTA-AM (intracellular calcium chelator) markedly lowered fluoride-induced increase of [Ca²? (fluoridealert.org)
  • release from the site of intracellular calcium storage causes the elevation of ROS contributing to the cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Apoptotic activity was evaluated based on the DNA content of the cells, annexin-V staining and calcium content. (uzh.ch)
  • This review discusses the similarities and differences between the morphology of astrocytes and astrocytoma cells, and the role that dysregulation in glutamate and calcium signaling plays in the aberrant morphology of astrocytoma cells. (mdpi.com)
  • As illustrated in recent publications, the level of available oxygen in the cell significantly influences cell physiology, signal transduction, and cellular response to drug treatment. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to intracellular signal transduction involved in positive regulation of cell growth. (planteome.org)
  • The latter indicated the presence of an intracellular urocortin-induced signal transduction pathway that is unique to keratinocytes. (biologists.com)
  • Herein, we exploited single-cell Ca2+ imaging to assess the signal transduction pathways whereby histamine generates intracellular Ca2+ signals in the human fetal lung fibroblast cell line, WI-38. (unipv.it)
  • This compound stimulates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK) activity in CHO cells that overexpress human insulin receptors by binding to the β-subunit of the insulin receptor ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • By contrast, obligate intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycobacterium leprae do, and this trait makes them a challenge to culture and study in the lab. (the-scientist.com)
  • Obligate intracellular pathogens will often have reduced genomes compared to the facultative variety, a genetic tendency that is reflective of their more limited lifestyle. (the-scientist.com)
  • It is an obligate intracellular parasite that can't be cultivated on artificial medium. (cdc.gov)
  • So-called facultative intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella pneumophila do not need to be inside a host cell to reproduce. (the-scientist.com)
  • Scientists studying pathogens such as Chlamydia , Legionella , and Listeria get a master class in how to control the internal workings of mammalian cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • Roy's team had found that "this protein called AnkX, when microinjected into cells-even at picomole levels-could cause the entire Golgi to fragment in, like, five minutes," Mukherjee says. (the-scientist.com)
  • Addgene: Imaging Intracellular pH in Live Cells with a Genetically Encoded Red Fluorescent Protein Sensor. (addgene.org)
  • δ and μ Opioids did not appear to mobilize intracellular Ca 2+ by modulating the activity of protein kinases. (edu.au)
  • Recent studies suggest that brain cell type specific intracellular environments may play important roles in the generation of structurally different protein aggregates that define neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and biochemical and vibrational spectroscopy techniques, we studied whether Parkinson's disease (PD) patient genomes could modulate alpha-synuclein (aSYN) protein aggregates formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Importantly, we discovered that aSYN protein aggregation is modulated by patient brain cells' intracellular milieus at the primary nucleation phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy define alpha-synucleinopathies, a group of ND characterized by intracellular aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSYN) protein [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, there is no data that indicates if and how patient-specific brain cells' intracellular milieus modulate protein aggregation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similar data were obtained with Erk 44/42-P and p-38-P. Pax6 and glucagon gene and protein expression were higher in cells cultured with palmitate. (unict.it)
  • In these cells cultured, specifics MAPKs inhibitors were able to reduce both Pax6 and glucagon gene and protein expression. (unict.it)
  • Each cell produces thousands of different protein and lipid molecules. (alzforum.org)
  • In late August, the Boston-based firm announced a five-year partnership with Google Cloud worth at least $289 million to develop large language models (LLMs) for genomics, protein function, and cell engineering. (genomeweb.com)
  • And she gained a new appreciation for the myriad other types of intracellular bacteria, a diverse group that includes many medically significant pathogens such as Salmonella , Listeria, and Chlamydia , as well as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy. (the-scientist.com)
  • By then it was known that Listeria infects cells such as macrophages-motile human immune cells that engulf pathogens and cellular debris-by being taken up into vacuoles and breaking out of those vacuoles into the cytoplasm. (the-scientist.com)
  • Lipid droplet hijacking by intracellular pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
  • Various intracellular pathogens, including viruses , bacteria , and parasites , specifically target host lipid droplets during their life cycle . (bvsalud.org)
  • The possible use of lipid droplets by intracellular pathogens, as part of an anti- immunity strategy, is an intriguing question meriting further investigation in the near future . (bvsalud.org)
  • abstract = "Dendritic cells can initiate antimicrobial responses by CD1-mediated presentation of pathogen-derived glycolipids. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The grant will allow Complix to further develop its CPAB platform, which can generate CPABs based therapeutics with the unique ability to act on targets located inside the cytosol and the nucleus of human cancer cells. (complix.com)
  • The grant will specifically focus on the development of CPABs addressing targets within the nucleus of cancer cells. (complix.com)
  • Complix is a biopharmaceutical company developing a pipeline of transformative Cell Penetrating Alphabody TM (CPAB) based therapeutics against a number of cutting-edge and challenging intracellular targets, that play an important role in oncology. (complix.com)
  • Complix is able to design and generate CPABs that can address targets both in the cytosol and the nucleus of the cancer cell. (complix.com)
  • Complix has an ongoing strategic collaboration with Merck & Co to develop novel CPAB based therapeutics against two selected intracellular cancer targets. (complix.com)
  • Complix is a biopharmaceutical company developing a pipeline of transformative Cell Penetrating Alphabody (CPAB) based biotherapeutics active against cutting-edge and challenging intracellular targets that play a key role in life threatening diseases, including cancer. (complix.com)
  • Ideal targets should be both specific to cancer cells and commonly found in cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • These effects are specific to intracellular Ag because C1q deficiency does not affect negative selection by extracellular self Ag or increase the positive selection of naive B cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A rise of extracellular (e.g., serum) partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) above 45 mmHg leads to formation of carbonic acid, which causes a decrease of pHi as it dissociates: H2O + CO2 ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3- Since biological cells contain fluid that can act as a buffer, pHi can be maintained fairly well within a certain range. (wikipedia.org)
  • If using cells isolated with a different procedure, users may need to verify the antibody staining pattern using alternative methods. (biolegend.com)
  • define NK cell differentiation states based on their education via NKG2a and expression of CD16 (FcγRIII), an activating Fc receptor that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 8 , and demonstrate that nonpathogenic SIVagm infection in African green monkeys (AGMs) imprints the maturation of NK cells inducing terminally differentiated NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells, which express high levels of interleukin (IL)−21R. (nature.com)
  • After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.jp)
  • Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.jp)
  • Basal forebrain neurons control intracortical arterioles by releasing acetylcholine (Ach), which stimulates endothelial cells (ECs) to produce the vasodilating gasotransmitter, nitric oxide (NO). Surprisingly, the mechanism by which Ach induces NO synthesis in brain ECs is still unknown. (fupress.net)
  • Ach stimulates bEnd5 cells by inducing a burst of intracellular Ca2+ spikes which is patterned by the interplay between ER-dependent Ca2+ mobilization and SOCE. (fupress.net)
  • In Staphylococcus aureus, rsbU down-regulates agr and stimulates production of staphyloxanthin (STX), an antioxidant that may contribute to intracellular survival after phagocytosis. (illinois.edu)
  • Respiratory alkalosis moves phosphate into cells by activating phosphofructokinase, which stimulates intracellular glycolysis. (medscape.com)
  • The B1-derived IgM autoantibody binds to the intracellular Ag when it is expressed on dying cells, leading to fixation of C1q and clearance of cells by phagocytosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • moreover, the exposure of peritoneal macrophages (in vitro) to temperatures of 4, 10, 24, and 37°C for 1 hour suggested a close inverse association between incubation temperature and the number of cells capable of phagocytosis. (researchgate.net)
  • Thus, rsbU is important for uptake and for STX biosynthesis and is critical for intracellular multiplication of S. aureus. (illinois.edu)
  • 3.5 mmol/L) caused by a deficit in total body potassium stores or abnormal movement of potassium into cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because most intracellular potassium is contained within muscle cells, total. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The transcellular shift of potassium into cells may also cause hypokalemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by transient episodes of profound hypokalemia thought to be due to sudden abnormal shifts of potassium into cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As in the case of other intracellular ions (eg, potassium, magnesium), a decrease in the level of serum phosphate (hypophosphatemia) should be distinguished from a decrease in total body storage of phosphate (phosphate deficiency). (medscape.com)
  • These data demonstrate that African green monkey-like natural killer cell differentiation profiles can be rescued in rhesus macaques to promote viral clearance in tissues. (nature.com)
  • The impact of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on Clusters of differentiation 4+ (CD4+ ) Thymus cells (T cells) viz. (news-medical.net)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Since robust localisation of IRIS-1 in the nucleus is observed only in some nuclei, it can suggest that IRIS-1 is localising in the nucleus depending on the differentiation state of the cells or in a subset of cells with different functional relevance. (lu.se)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • To facilitate the quantification of cellular oxygenation Agilent Technologies has developed the MitoXpress Intra - Intracellular Oxygen Assay kit, based on a proprietary O 2 -sensitive cell-penetrating nanoparticle probe. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Notably, we performed a Thioflavin T (ThT)-based fluorescence assay to examine the effect of patient genome-induced changes in brain cells intracellular milieu on aggregation of recombinant p.A53T aSYN monomers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researchers came up with a single-cell DNA sequencing and immunophenotyping assay for identifying and characterizing AML clones that persist after treatment. (genomeweb.com)
  • Clones expressing human wild-type and L68Q cystatin C were compared with respect to secreted cystatin C by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for intracellular cystatin C by western blotting and immunofluorescence cytochemistry. (lu.se)
  • To elucidate regulatory mechanisms governing the maintenance and propagation of human HSCs ex vivo, we screened libraries of annotated small molecules in human cord blood (CB) cells using an optimized assay for detection of functional HSCs during culture. (lu.se)
  • For Mukherjee, the paper was a revelation: not only did it identify the fastest way yet to target Golgi biology, it suggested that scientists could use intracellular bacteria "as a lens to understand basic processes inside the cell. (the-scientist.com)
  • Research on how intracellular bacteria take control of their hosts is not only informing scientists about how these microbes cause disease, but revealing secrets of mammalian biology, says Mukherjee, who now heads up a lab at the University of California (UC), San Francisco. (the-scientist.com)
  • Intracellular bacteria vary considerably in how dependent they are on their hosts. (the-scientist.com)
  • Screening for bacteria with abilities to accumulate valuable intracellular compounds from an environmental community is difficult and requires strategic methods. (frontiersin.org)
  • For example, ex vivo IL-21 treatment expanded CD16 + NK cells 9 , antagonized the IL-15-dependent expansion of resting NK cells 10 , and reverses hypo-responsiveness via the STAT1 and PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathways 11 . (nature.com)
  • This study investigated in a pancreatic alpha-cell line the effects of chronic exposure to palmitate on the insulin and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and intracellular insulin pathways. (unict.it)
  • With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck , these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. (medscape.com)
  • These experiments provide direct evidence that intracellular hIAPP amyloid causes cell death by triggering apoptotic pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cellular morphology, time-lapse imaging, and nuclear staining demonstrated that this activity occurred in mitotically active cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our studies revealed novel functions of intracellular complement components in β cells, presenting a new link between complement and diabetes development. (lu.se)
  • IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine which detrimentally affects β-cell function. (lu.se)
  • L-783,281, an antidiabetic fungal metabolite that has previously been shown to activate insulin signaling in CHO cells, was tested for its effect on intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and insulin secretion in single mouse pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here, we show that insulin secretion is reduced in individuals harboring the risk allele of EIF2AK4 and that maintenance of GCN2-deficient mice on a high-fat diet results in a loss of pancreatic β cell mass. (jci.org)
  • Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic islet β cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterised by defective insulin exocytosis from the pancreatic β cells, accompanied by insulin resistance. (lu.se)
  • We found that C3 is upregulated in pancreatic islets during T2D as a factor against β cells dysfunction caused by attenuated autophagy. (lu.se)
  • C3 was found intracellularly in isolated human pancreatic β cells. (lu.se)
  • We found that IRIS-1 localizes in the nuclei of pancreatic β cells. (lu.se)
  • Our data support the hypothesis that the chronic elevation of fatty acids contribute to alpha-cell dysregulation frequently observed in type 2 diabetes. (unict.it)
  • Using this approach, perturbations in the cellular glutathione redox homeostasis were also monitored as yeast cells were subjected to oxidative stress. (nist.gov)
  • Therefore, pHi is closely regulated in order to ensure proper cellular function, controlled cell growth, and normal cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • It serves as a vital mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis and significantly influences the interactions between cells and their surrounding environment. (uams.edu)
  • PBC may thus enable a more efficient trafficking of these cells from the circulation to the site of initial cellular insult from exercise, potentially accelerating the process of cellular recovery. (researchgate.net)
  • furthermore, in vivo IFNα-induced NK cell cytotoxicity correlates with reductions in HIV-DNA during antiretroviral therapy (ART) 16 . (nature.com)
  • In SIVagm infection, systemic IL-15 was associated with NK cell proliferation in lymph node (LN), while systemic IFNα correlated with NK cell cytotoxicity in LN 17 . (nature.com)
  • Further investigation revealed that intracellular C3 alleviates IL-1β-induced β-cell death, by interaction with and inhibition of Fyn-related kinase (FRK), which is involved in the response of β-cells to cytokines. (lu.se)
  • These are glucose-and lipo-toxicity, ER stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysfunctions in autophagy, and β cells dedifferentiation. (lu.se)
  • This peptide spontaneously aggregates in the form of fibrils, and amyloid deposits are associated with dead or degenerating β cells, a hallmark of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We demonstrated that COS-1 cells transfected with vectors expressing hIAPP exhibited intracellular amyloid deposits that were associated with cell death (O'Brien, Butler, Kreutter, Kane, Eberhardt, Am J Pathol 1995, 147:609-616). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Herein, we review possible mechanisms by which glutamate may act in facilitating the growth of projections in astrocytic cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Vladimir Lupashin, Ph.D., a professor in the UAMS College of Medicine Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the primary investigator, said comprehension of these mechanisms serves as a crucial foundation for developing effective treatments for a wide range of diseases, including cystic fibrosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. (uams.edu)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • In addition to stimulating airway smooth muscle cell constriction and hyperplasia, histamine promotes pulmonary remodeling by inducing fibroblast proliferation, contraction, and migration. (unipv.it)
  • Light blue fluorescent globules accumulate in the cells of the anterior region of the fatbody of Drosophila larvae near the time of pupation. (rupress.org)
  • Follow-up analysis confirmed that these isolates accumulate polyP, indicating that DAPI can be implemented in staining living cells and FACS can effectively and rapidly screen and isolate individual cells from a complex microbial community. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we propose a strategy for the isolation of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) by coupling (i) specific staining of an intracellular accumulate without compromising cell viability, and (ii) rapid detection and sorting of target cells by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), for which wastewater sludge samples were utilized. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we developed a strategy for the isolation of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) by combining (i) nontoxic fluorescence staining of polyphosphate granules in viable microbial cells and (ii) fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for the rapid detection and collection of target cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • L-767,827, an inactive structural analog of the insulin mimetic, had no effect on β-cell [Ca 2+ ] i . (diabetesjournals.org)
  • L-783,281 also resulted in insulin secretion at single β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • LY294002 (25 μmol/l) significantly reduced the effect of the insulin mimetic on β-cell exocytosis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Basal glucagon secretion was increased and the inhibitory effect of acute insulin exposure reduced in alpha-TC1 cells cultured with palmitate. (unict.it)
  • Similar results were observed with IRS-1-P, PI3K (p85 alpha), and Akt-P. In contrast, with IGF-IR and IRS-2-P, the basal levels (i.e. in the absence of insulin stimulation) were higher in cells cultured with palmitate. (unict.it)
  • These results indicate that alpha-cells exposed to palmitate show insulin resistance of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway that likely controls glucagon secretion. (unict.it)
  • In paper II, we showed that silencing of CD59 expression in rat β cells significantly suppressed insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • Administering carbohydrate lowers serum phosphate by stimulating the release of insulin, which moves phosphate and glucose into cells. (medscape.com)
  • Staining of intracellular molecules can sometimes require specific fixation and permeabilization conditions that are not conducive between all clones. (biolegend.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are "licensed" with functional competence following education with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules 1 . (nature.com)
  • The inside of a cell is a very busy place-a microscopic world of molecules that interact dynamically in groups, in sequences, or in networks. (alzforum.org)
  • To ensure that the correct sets of molecules talk to each other, the intracellular space is highly structured and special signals are employed to move specific molecules from one structure to another. (alzforum.org)
  • This shift comes with the growing realization that neurodegeneration is less a problem of toxic molecules per se but rather of the way these molecules disrupt the basic biological processes of the cell-their effects on the cell as a system. (alzforum.org)
  • But, unlike in the production line of a manufacturing plant, the cell may be making many different molecules at the same time, so labels and locations are needed to separate out these simultaneous processes. (alzforum.org)
  • It inactivates the receptors that respond to the signal, or the transporter molecules that suck up the signal chemical by removing them from the cell surface. (alzforum.org)
  • Inflammation normally occurs when the immune system sends signaling molecules and white blood cells to a site of injury or disease to fight microbial invaders and help with tissue repair. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Intracellular Staining Permeabilization Wash Buffer (10x) (BioLegend, Cat. (biolegend.com)
  • Cell Staining Buffer (BioLegend, Cat. (biolegend.com)
  • When washing cells, it is extremely important that care is taken to thoroughly decant the wash buffer, and, that upon the addition of new wash buffer that the cell pellet is resuspended either with pipette mixing or gentle vortexing. (biolegend.com)
  • In the case of a phosphate buffer, substantial quantities of weak acid and conjugate weak base (H2PO4- and HPO42-) can accept or donate protons accordingly in order to conserve intracellular pH: OH- + H2PO4- ⇌ H2O + HPO42- H+ + HPO42- ⇌ H2PO4- The pH within a particular organelle is tailored for its specific function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer cells hijack normal biological processes, allowing them to multiply. (news-medical.net)
  • No studies have assessed acute PBC exposure on peripheral blood mononuclear cell mobilisation or compared these with cold water immersion (CWI), which may inform how PBC impacts inflammatory processes. (researchgate.net)
  • In agreement with these findings, histamine-induced intracellular Ca2+ signals were initiated by intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors (InsP3R) and sustained by store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs). (unipv.it)
  • A s a grad student in cell biology, Shaeri Mukherjee was always on the lookout for new ways to fiddle with cells' internal structures. (the-scientist.com)
  • As our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC continues to develop, we can target the specific components of cancer cells that are not found in normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Inherited deficiency of early components of the classical complement pathway is strongly associated with the targeting of intracellular self Ags in systemic lupus erythematosus, but the reasons for this association are debated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The critical role phosphate plays in every cell, tissue, and organ explains the systemic nature of injury caused by phosphate deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Pharmacological manipulation indeed revealed that Ach-induced Ca2+ spikes in bEnd5 cells are triggered by the interaction between intracellular Ca2+ release from InsP3 receptors (InsP3Rs) SOCE. (fupress.net)
  • In an environment with the improper pHi, biological cells may have compromised function. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings suggest that the positive selection of autoreactive B1 cells by self Ags may contribute to the IgM and C1q-dependent clearance of dying cells in a feedback loop that limits exposure of conventional B cells to immunogenic self Ags. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We show that exposure of intracellular Ag leads to the activation of conventional B cells, when there is a source of T cell help in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This trial examined the impact of a single PBC exposure on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to CWI or a control. (researchgate.net)
  • This provides the first evidence for the effect of PBC exposure on redistribution of immune cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Autophagy protects the β cells from injuries caused by exposure to stressors, such as lipotoxicity. (lu.se)
  • Scanning electron microscopy revealed edematous cornified cells (corneocytes) following acetone exposure, whereas kerosene induced the occurrence of large lacunae in the swollen corneocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • The application of a protective agent (50 percent water, 25 percent glycerin, 10 percent to 15 percent cellulose-methasol gum and 2 percent to 3 percent preservative) prior to solvent exposure substantially reduced the ultrastructural and relief changes of epidermal cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Activated cells can be prepared from in vivo -stimulated tissues or from in vitro -stimulated cultures (e.g. mitogen or LPS stimulation). (biolegend.com)
  • Thus, in SH-SY5Y cells, opioids can mobilize Ca 2+ from intracellular stores but they require ongoing muscarinic receptor activation. (edu.au)
  • The effects were also observed at very low peptide concentrations (10 -13 M) with no apparent linear correlation between peptide dosage and increase of fluorescence intensity,which implied co-expression of different corticotropin releasing factor receptor forms in the same cell. (biologists.com)
  • An increase in circulating leukocyte subsets such as CD8⁺ T cells and CD56loCD16⁺ natural killer cells suggests that PBC may induce a transient mobilisation of lymphocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • Hypophosphatemia may be transient, reflecting intracellular shift with minimal clinical consequences. (medscape.com)
  • In β-cells from IRS-1 -/- mice, 10 μmol/l L-783,281 had no significant effect on [Ca 2+ ] i ( n = 5). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Increased positive selection of B1 cells and reduced B cell tolerance to intracellular antigens in c1q-deficient mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Early induction of a T H 2 response to one specific β-cell autoantigen (βCAA) accelerated epitope spreading of T H 2 responses to other βCAAs and can prevent the development of diabetes in the NOD mice. (nature.com)
  • The initial tissue reaction to infection is a focal, intensely suppurative necrosis consisting largely of accumulations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, followed by invasion of macrophages, epithelioid cells, and lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 ] Early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is treated relatively well with single-modality therapy (either surgery or radiation alone). (medscape.com)
  • Go to Imaging of Nasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Hasselt, December 14, 2017 - Complix, a biopharmaceutical company developing a pipeline of transformative Cell Penetrating Alphabody™ (CPAB) based oncology therapeutics announces that it has been awarded a €0.5 million grant (approximately USD$0.6 million) from the Flanders government through the Flemish Agency for Innovation & Entrepreneurship (VLAIO). (complix.com)
  • As a pioneer in intracellular targeting, Complix aims to develop a collection of first-in-class therapeutics with the potential to cure severe diseases with high unmet medical need. (complix.com)
  • Unlike HIV infection, which progresses to AIDS absent suppressive anti-retroviral therapy, nonpathogenic infections in natural hosts, such African green monkeys, are characterized by a lack of gut microbial translocation and robust secondary lymphoid natural killer cell responses resulting in an absence of chronic inflammation and limited SIV dissemination in lymph node B-cell follicles. (nature.com)
  • Given previous findings on a role of IL-21 and IFNα in regulating NK cell function, and that NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells are generated while expressing high levels of IL-21R in nonpathogenic SIV infection, we sought to determine whether immunotherapy with IL-21 and IFNα rescues AGM-like profiles of NK cell maturation and activity in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). (nature.com)
  • Amprey, JL, Späth, GF & Porcelli, SA 2004, ' Inhibition of CD1 Expression in Human Dendritic Cells during Intracellular Infection with Leishmania donovani ', Infection and immunity , vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 589-592. (elsevierpure.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Here we describe an in-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based method for measuring the intracellular glutathione redox potential by direct and quantitative measurement of isotopically labeled glutathione introduced exogenously into living yeast. (nist.gov)
  • These results demonstrate distinct patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i change in cortical precursor cells and raise the possibility that these dynamics may contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • We now demonstrate that co-expressing an anti-RAS heavy chain single VH domain, that binds to mutant RAS several thousand times more strongly than to wild type RAS, with a complementary light chain VL domain, caused programmed cell death (PCD) in mutant RAS expressing cells when each variable region is fused to procaspase-3. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Intrigued by this powerful little microbe, Mukherjee applied for a postdoc in Roy's lab, where she would study in detail how Legionella attacks human cells from the inside. (the-scientist.com)
  • RESULTS: Concentrations of human cystatin C secreted from transfected NIH/3T3 cells were similar to those secreted from human cells in culture. (lu.se)
  • multicellular interactions, including intracellular and Addresses intercellular biochemical signaling. (lu.se)
  • Hypophosphatemia is caused by the intracellular shift of phosphate from serum, increased urinary excretion of phosphate, decreased intestinal absorption of phosphate, or decreased dietary intake. (medscape.com)
  • Vascular endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors play an important role in endothelial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk and could save cardiomyocytes (CMs) from injury. (mdpi.com)
  • P-selectin (marker for endothelial cell func- instructions. (who.int)