Cells that form chondrocytes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Filamin B appears to be important for normal cell growth and division (proliferation) and maturation (differentiation) of chondrocytes and for the ossification of cartilage. (medlineplus.gov)
This abnormal protein appears to have a new, atypical function that interferes with the proliferation or differentiation of chondrocytes, impairing ossification and leading to the signs and symptoms of atelosteogenesis type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
One area of current focus is the epigenetic regulation of growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. (nih.gov)
Given the success of the previous collection, Bone Cell Differentiation in Health and Disease, and the new advances in the field, we are pleased to announce the launch of Volume II. (frontiersin.org)
The actions of these two cell types as well as their differentiation is modulated by osteocytes. (frontiersin.org)
In certain circumstances, other cell types (e.g., smooth muscle cells, cancer cells) also undergo osteoblast-like differentiation to develop pathological calcification. (frontiersin.org)
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) are a promising cell source for variety of tissue engineering applications due to their pluripotency and differentiation capacities. (aiche.org)
Creating an in-vitro microenvironment for cells which can mimic the in-vivo conditions will facilitate the differentiation process. (aiche.org)
Since capsules wall acts as a diffusion barrier for nutrients and growth factors, employing the microcapsules in a perfusion chip will facilitate the cell access to nutrients and growth factors required for MSCs differentiation. (aiche.org)
In this research, the simultaneous effect of microencapsulation and perfusion on the differentiation of MSCs to chondrocytes has been investigated. (aiche.org)
Differentiation of the embryonic mesenchyme to form the primitive TMJ cavity occurs at about the twelfth week of embryonic development. (nih.gov)
Specifically, the type of stem cell, the amount of cells, and the proper combination of growth factors or mechanical stimuli to induce differentiation all remain to be seen. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells are defined as a population of cells that can self-renew through symmetrical mitotic division, form daughter cell lines, and generate a broad range of tissue lineages through terminal differentiation [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Pathway of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into tenocytes. (hindawi.com)
Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes have been reported to present "dedifferentiation" and "phenotypic loss" during the chondrogenic differentiation process in cartilage tissue engineering, and cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) are novel seeding cells for cartilage tissue engineering. (biomedcentral.com)
Owing to its multipotent differentiation potential and high proliferative potential, bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-based cartilage tissue engineering and cartilage regenerative medicine offer a promising strategy for treating cartilage defects [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that although chondrogenically differentiated BMSCs show chondrogenic potential in advance, these cells tend to eventually vascularize or ossify, undergo terminal chondrocyte differentiation and are replaced by osseous tissue, which indicates that the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs represents a transient state only [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These data suggest that failure to form a functional primary cilium affects chondrocyte differentiation and results in delayed chondrocyte hypertrophy within the orpk growth plate. (auckland.ac.nz)
Given the strong epidemiologic data, as well as our findings that fracture healing and chondrocyte differentiation are affected by Pb, we have performed a series of in vitro experiments to elucidate the underlying mechanism of toxicity during chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation. (nih.gov)
Cell lines with chondrogenic potential, such as C3H10T1/2 cells, and primary limb bud mesenchymal cells plated at high density undergo differentiation to form distinct cartilage nodules. (nih.gov)
In vitro studies confirmed that Se/Sr/Zn-HA leaching solution could induce apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, differentiation of MSCs, and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 while showing excellent antibacterial properties. (bvsalud.org)
Multifunctional protein that control proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. (joplink.net)
The phenotypes and multipotent differentiation potential of these cells were also evaluated. (molvis.org)
Vit D has an anabolic effect on the skeletal system and is key in promoting osteoblastic differentiation of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) from bone marrow. (stellalife.com)
MSCs can be also isolated from the immature form of the tooth, the dental bud: Dental Bud Stem Cells (DBSCs) are adult stem cells that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. (stellalife.com)
Vitamin D (Vit D) is crucial for many biological processes, that is, the bone mineralization of vertebrates, the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. (stellalife.com)

To further investigate the effects of 15-LO-1 on chondrocyte functions, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, the release of matrix-degrading enzymes, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell proliferation and apoptosis, we decreased or increased 15-LO-1 expression in chondrocytes by means of transfecting with siRNA targeting 15-LO-1 and plasmid encoding 15-LO-1, respectively. (nature.com)
This cell proliferation and cell hypertrophy, combined with extracellular matrix secretion, result in chondrogenesis, that is, the production of more and more cartilage. (nih.gov)
A team led by Drs. Farshid Guilak and Charles Gersbach at Duke University set out to create an artificial scaffold that could direct stem cells within to differentiate and form extracellular matrix. (nih.gov)
Without any extra prompting, the cells created a cartilage-like extracellular matrix within 4 weeks. (nih.gov)
The disorder is caused by mutations in the cartilage oligometric matrix protein (COMP), which is found in the intricate lattice of proteins and other molecules that forms in the spaces between cells (extracellular matrix). (nih.gov)
In addition, cell fate and function in-vitro are greatly affected by the composition of the extracellular matrix in which for cartilage is made of different type of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (aiche.org)
Interestingly, the mandibular condyles develop as secondary cartilage from a proliferative layer of progenitor cells that turn into extracellular matrix producing chondrocytes that are eventually replaced by osteoblasts. (nih.gov)
It is composed of a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) with a sparse distribution of highly specialized cells called chondrocytes. (vivu.tv)
Chondrocytes are exposed to an inflammatory micro-environment in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage in joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (biomedcentral.com)
Chondrocytes produce large amounts of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers, proteoglycan, and elastin fibers. (educationcares.com)
Connective tissues consist of cells and an extracellular matrix. (lecturio.com)
Synthesize extracellular matrix Extracellular matrix A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. (lecturio.com)
Objective: Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) associated with extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte necrosis in the articular and growth plate cartilage. (uthscsa.edu)
It consists primarily of three layers: an outer layer of epithelium, a middle stromal layer of collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) interspersed with keratocytes and an inner layer of endothelial cells. (molvis.org)

Overexpression of 15-LO-1 could inhibit chondrocyte proliferation and induce chondrocyte apoptosis. (nature.com)
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a secreted glycoprotein synthesized by chondrocytes, regulates proliferation and type II collagen assembly. (nih.gov)
The proliferative zone, which contains chondrocytes arrayed in columns, is the site of rapid cell proliferation (Fig. 1) (2). (nih.gov)
GAG content, Cell proliferation and total collagen content were analyzed by using dimethyl methylene blue, Hoechst and hydroxyproline assays, respectively. (aiche.org)
One major mechanism by which FGFs regulate endochondral bone growth is through their inhibitory effect on chondrocyte proliferation. (silverchair.com)
Because mice with targeted mutations of the retinoblastoma (Rb)-related proteins p107 and p130 present severe endochondral bone defects with excessive chondrocyte proliferation, we have investigated the role of the Rb family of cell cycle regulators in the FGF response. (silverchair.com)
In the current study, we explored the feasibility of combining cartilage progenitor cells with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) to produce tissue-engineered cartilage and compared the proliferation ability and chondrogenic characteristics of cartilage progenitor cells with those of bone marrow-derived stem cells and chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. (lecturio.com)

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI, ATC code M09AX02 (WHO)) is a biomedical treatment that repairs damages in articular cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
During the implantation, chondrocytes are applied on the damaged area in combination with a membrane (tibial periosteum or biomembrane) or pre-seeded in a scaffold matrix. (wikipedia.org)
MACI is a third-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation product. (medscape.com)
Surgical management of large talar osteochondral defects using autologous chondrocyte implantation. (uams.edu)
The chondrocyte-PHBV constructs and CPC-PHBV constructs became an ivory-whitish cartilage-like tissue, while the BMSC-PHBV constructs became vascularized 6 weeks after the subcutaneous implantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Data was collected at baseline (immediately before cell implantation) and then at 2-, 12- and 15-months post implantation and consisted of activity data (the Human Activity Profile), knee function data (the Lysholm Knee Scoring System) and affect data (the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). (orthopaedic-institute.org)

Artistic rendering of human stem cells on the polymer scaffold. (nih.gov)
Researchers developed a 3-D scaffold that guides the development of stem cells into specialized cartilage-producing cells. (nih.gov)
Stem cells have required extensive treatment in the lab with growth factors in order to develop (or differentiate) into suitable specialized cells. (nih.gov)
The team used human mesenchymal stem cells, which are found in adult bone marrow. (nih.gov)
TGF-β3 drives stem cells to become chondrocytes. (nih.gov)
After the viruses were attached to the structure, it was seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells and incubated in culture media. (nih.gov)
The technique could also be applied to other kinds of tissues using other stem cells-or even a patient's own cells. (nih.gov)
Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into one of the three cell types: osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes. (frontiersin.org)
The cartilage rings are formed by aggregating marrow-derived-stem cells in ring-shaped wells. (news-medical.net)
Polymer microspheres containing a protein that induces the stem cells to become 'chondrocytes,' or cells that form cartilage, are also incorporated into the cell aggregates. (news-medical.net)
The prevascular rings are comprised of both these marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial cells, the thin layer of cells that line the interior of blood vessels. (news-medical.net)
Stem cells are an attractive option in developing cell-based therapies to improve tendon healing. (hindawi.com)
However, several questions remain to be answered before stem cells can be used clinically. (hindawi.com)
This paper outlines the current literature on the use of stem cells for tendon augmentation. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells have great promise in enhancing the biologic healing process since they provide a self-renewing population of pluripotent cells. (hindawi.com)
However, several questions still remain before stem cells can be used clinically for augmenting tendon healing. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells can be derived from a number of sources, and thus different stem cell categories exist. (hindawi.com)
These categories include embryonic, peri-natal (obtained from the umbilical cord or from amniotic tissue), somatic adult, or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (hindawi.com)
While there is some overlap, the most common categories of adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells which are both defined based upon specific stem cell surface markers [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
iPSCs are not adult stem cells in origin but mature adult cells that are modified resulting in cell pluripotency and the characteristics of embryonic cells [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
In view of ethical concerns and current regulatory issues associated with embryonic or perinatal stem cells, orthopaedic stem cell research has predominantly focused upon MSCs. (hindawi.com)
Additionally, Dr. Koch explains, 'This is also great news for U of G and the Ontario Veterinary College because it recognizes that the horse is the premier animal model for studying the potential of using stem cells to repair cartilage injuries. (cellmedicine.com)
Together Drs. Thomas Koch and Dean Betts of the University of Western Ontario have established a protocol for isolating adult mesenchymal stem cells from equine umbilical cord blood, which they have already differentiated into a number of cell types, most notably chondrocytes, from which cartilage is formed. (cellmedicine.com)
To date, Vet-Stem's procedure has been used to treat more than 2,000 dogs and 3,000 horses in the U.S., with autologous adult stem cells derived from each animal's own adipose (fat) tissue. (cellmedicine.com)
Recently, chondrogenic stem/progenitor stem cells derived from cartilage tissue were isolated and identified. (biomedcentral.com)
We employed combined methodology that we recently developed for investigating the surfaceome in stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) restore renal function, but their potential for attenuating cardiac injury after reversal of RVH has not been explored. (biomedcentral.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are undifferentiated nonembryonic stem cells with the ability to migrate and transdifferentiate into distinct phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
In the second part of this study, research was carried out to characterise the relationship between activity levels and knee function, in a cohort of patients undergoing cell therapy treatment for AC lesions as part of the Autologous Chondrocytes, Stem Cells or the Two (ASCOT) trial. (orthopaedic-institute.org)
This technology includes a method for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into stable chondrocytes, capable of producing cartilage, and their use in cartilage repair in human injury and degenerative diseases. (nih.gov)
These include the use of stem cells and autologous chondrocytes for treating cartilage and bone defects. (prptreatments.org)
The adult corneal epithelium is continuously regenerated from stem cells (SC) located at the basal layer of the limbal epithelium. (molvis.org)
moreover they can differentiate from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). (stellalife.com)
Adult stem cells are pluripotent cells capable of regenerating different tissues. (stellalife.com)

However, simultaneously, blood vessels, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts invade the hypertrophic zone and remodel the newly formed cartilage into bone. (nih.gov)
Bones are composed of various types of cells, including osteoblasts (cells that form bone), osteoclasts (cells that break down bone), and chondrocytes (cells that form cartilage), among others. (healthline.com)
This is a type of bone cancer that develops from osteoblasts, which are the cells that form new bone tissue. (healthline.com)
Some of these cells will differentiate into capillaries, while others will become osteogenic cells and then osteoblasts. (lumenlearning.com)
As osteoblasts transform into osteocytes, osteogenic cells in the surrounding connective tissue differentiate into new osteoblasts. (lumenlearning.com)
Prior studies have also suggested that skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) localize to the surrounding periosteum and serve as a major source of marrow associated SSPCs, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and adipocytes during skeletal development. (elifesciences.org)
Our data demonstrate that hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo a process of dedifferentiation to generate marrow associated SSPCs that serve as a primary source of osteoblasts during skeletal development. (elifesciences.org)
The Sp7 mRNA was expressed in human foetal osteoblasts and craniofacial osteoblasts, chondrocytes and the osteosarcoma cell lines HOS and MG63, but was not detected in adult femoral osteoblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
Sp7 expression in humans is largely confined to osteoblasts and chondrocytes, both of which differentiate from the mesenchymal lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
In Sp7/Osterix null mice these Runx2/Cbfa1 positive preosteoblast cells do not deposit bone matrix and still express chondrocyte marker genes suggesting that they have the potential to develop into chondrocyte or osteoblasts. (biomedcentral.com)

It is secreted by articular chondrocytes and may play a role in either cartilage matrix organization, or cell-matrix adhesion. (rndsystems.com)
To capture these alterations, we used proteomics to characterize the surfaceome of primary articular chondrocytes exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study was to characterize the surfaceome of primary equine articular chondrocytes exposed to a pro-inflammatory micro-environment with a PM protein isolation technique using aminooxy-biotinylation (AOB), providing better enrichment than alternative methods such as Triton X-114 isolation [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by analyzing the cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol, caspase-9 and 3 activities, and the apoptosis rate of KBD articular chondrocytes. (uthscsa.edu)
Results: Activities of complexes II, III, IV and V were reduced in KBD articular chondrocytes compared with cells from normal controls. (uthscsa.edu)
The dysfunction of the mitochondria may play an important role in KBD articular chondrocytes apoptosis. (uthscsa.edu)

Cartilage forms from specialized cells called chondrocytes. (educationcares.com)

At one edge of the proliferative zone, the cells stop dividing and become enlarged to form hypertrophic chondrocytes (Fig. 1). (nih.gov)
These hypertrophic chondrocyte derived SSPCs commit to a CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cell phenotype during skeletal development and demonstrate unique abilities to recruit vasculature and promote bone marrow establishment, while also contributing to the adipogenic lineage. (elifesciences.org)
Cell density at the articular surface and in the hypertrophic zone was significantly altered, suggesting defects in both appositional and endochondral growth. (auckland.ac.nz)
In addition, orpk hypertrophic chondrocytes showed re-organization of the F-actin network into stress fibres and failed to fully undergo hypertrophy, while there was a marked reduction in type X collagen sequestration. (auckland.ac.nz)

To investigate the feasibility of cartilaginous implants containing bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) derived from chondrocytes in biological resurfacing procedures for repairing articular cartilage defect. (unboundmedicine.com)
MSCs derived from chondrocytes were obtained with high initial cell density subculture. (unboundmedicine.com)
MSCs derived from chondrocytes improve repair of large full-thickness defect in articular cartilage. (unboundmedicine.com)
The ability of MSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes has also made them the foremost option in cartilage repair studies. (aiche.org)
MSCs (also referred to as mesenchymal stromal cells) are defined by their ability to self-renew and their multipotentiality [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
MSCs are defined by three characteristics: (i) an ability to adhere to plastic, (ii) presentation of stem cell specific antigens, and (iii) the potential to form multipotent mesenchymal cells which can differentiate into a number of cell lines interesting to musculoskeletal medicine such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Induction of MSCs into specific cell lineages such as tenocytes is determined by culturing processes as well as growth and media conditions (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
We assessed the influence of Pb on chondrogenesis in murine limb bud mesenchymal cells (MSCs) using nodule formation assays and gene analyses. (nih.gov)
When healing does occur, either as a result of a full thickness defect or microfracture surgery designed to mimic this event, mesenchymal cells from the bone marrow BM-MSCs produce disorganized collagen, with a pronounced bias toward collagen I COL I in lieu of collagen II COL II. (dtic.mil)
Addition of LPA to cultures of human chondrocytes and BM-MSCs substantially increased expression of COL I at the expense of COL II this outcome could be reversed by small molecule or genetic inhibition of ATX activity. (dtic.mil)
These CFU-Fs cells are called MSCs. (stellalife.com)

Similarly, obese adipocytes, high-cholesterol and diabetic situations disturb bone cell functions and bone health. (frontiersin.org)
Appropriate induction medium was used to differentiate these cells into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. (molvis.org)
Early passaged cells when induced were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. (molvis.org)

As the matrix surrounds and isolates chondroblasts, they are called chondrocytes. (lumenlearning.com)

COMP is situated near cells known as chondrocytes, which play a key role in bone formation. (nih.gov)
The biopsy contains millions of healthy cartilage cells also known as chondrocytes. (towerorthopaedics.com)

They found that the drugs successfully lessened the damage to chondrocyte cells in the growth plate, but each drug resulted in significant side effects, including skeletal defects and early death. (nih.gov)
In addition, mutations in this gene can cause the autosomal recessive form of Robinow syndrome, which is characterized by skeletal dysplasia with generalized limb bone shortening, segmental defects of the spine, brachydactyly, and a dysmorphic facial appearance. (antibodies-online.com)
CO.DON AG develops, produces and distributes autologous cell therapies for the minimally invasive repair of cartilage defects. (pharmiweb.com)
The resection of malignant osteosarcoma often results in large segmental bone defects, and the residual cells can facilitate recurrence. (bvsalud.org)

In a long bone, for example, at about 6 to 8 weeks after conception, some of the mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes (cartilage cells) that form the cartilaginous skeletal precursor of the bones (Figure 2a). (lumenlearning.com)

GFAP has also been found to be expressed in glomeruli and peritubular fibroblasts, Leydig cells of the testis, keratinocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes and stellate cells of the pancreas and liver. (biolegend.com)

This was carried out using an in vitro model of the osteochondral unit, in which bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) were used to represent the SB, and chondrocytes were used to represent the AC. (orthopaedic-institute.org)
In bone marrow stromal cells from COX-2 knockout mice Osterix expression is reduced compared to wild-type mice and can be recovered by the addition of prostaglandin E 2 , indicating that COX-2 mediated skeletal repair involves Sp7/Osterix [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The presence of multipotent human limbal stromal cells resembling mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) provides new insights to the characteristic of these cells and its therapeutic potential. (molvis.org)
We studied the expression of SSEA-4 surface protein and the various ESC and MSC markers in the ex vivo cultured limbal stromal cells. (molvis.org)
Limbal stromal cells were derived from corneoscleral rims. (molvis.org)
The SSEA-4 + and SSEA-4 - limbal stromal cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cells sorting (FACS). (molvis.org)
Expanded limbal stromal cells expressed the majority of mesenchymal markers. (molvis.org)
The expanded limbal stromal cells showed features of multipotent MSC. (molvis.org)
Our study confirmed the expression of SSEA-4 by a subpopulation of cultured limbal stromal cells. (molvis.org)

2. Epithelial cell apoptosis by fas ligand-positive myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis. (nih.gov)
5. Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis promotes hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice by enhancing maturation of dendritic cells. (nih.gov)
Qu Y, Shen Y, Teng L, Huang Y, Yang Y, Jian X, Fan S, Wu P, Fu Q. Chicoric acid attenuates tumor necrosis factor-a-induced inflammation and apoptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/AKT and NF-?B signaling pathways in C28/I2 cells and ameliorates the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model. (uams.edu)
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate mitochondrial function to understand the mitochondria-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis in adult KBD chondrocytes. (uthscsa.edu)

An implant was constructed by dispersing the chondrocytes in a acid soluble type I collagen gel(5 x 10(6) cells/ml, final cell concentration). (unboundmedicine.com)
Unlike earlier generations, MACI uses a scaffold formed of porcine collagen on which autologous chondrocytes are seeded. (medscape.com)
The cells and collagen structure are held in place in the lesion with fibrin glue. (medscape.com)
Hyaline cartilage, the most widely distributed form, has a pearl-gray semitranslucent matrix containing randomly oriented collagen fibrils but relatively little elastin. (vivu.tv)
Biochemical, histological and gene expression analyses of these constructs, after three weeks of culture, demonstrated that the co-culture of chondrocytes with 'unhealthy' BMSCs led to the decreased expression of genes encoding cartilage-specific proteins (collagen type 2 and aggrecan) and an associated decrease in the production of glycosaminoglycan, compared to those cultured with 'healthy' BMSCs. (orthopaedic-institute.org)

The scientists coated a 3-D woven scaffold with a compound that can secure viruses to a surface but still allow them to transfer genes into target cells. (nih.gov)
Cells within the artificial scaffold successfully differentiated into chondrocytes within 2 weeks. (nih.gov)
Difficulties have included uniformly seeding cells on the scaffolding, recreating the multiple different tissue types found in the native trachea, tailoring the scaffolding degradation rate to equal the rate of new tissue formation, and recreating important contacts between cells because of the intervening scaffold. (news-medical.net)
designed a cholesterol-modified stereocomplex thermogel scaffold in order to create a microenvironment that fosters cartilage-producing chondrocytes. (advancedsciencenews.com)

Filamin B also links actin to many other proteins to perform various functions within the cell, including the cell signaling that helps determine how the cytoskeleton will change as tissues grow and take shape during development. (medlineplus.gov)
It also links actin to many other proteins to perform various functions within the cell, including the cell signaling that helps determine how the cytoskeleton will change as tissues grow and take shape during development. (nih.gov)
It is now clear that hormones and growth factors produced by cells of other tissues are able to modulate bone modeling and remodeling by altering osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocyte functions. (frontiersin.org)
Autoimmune diseases are systemic and organ-specific inflammatory conditions involving a cell-mediated immune response against self tissues. (intechopen.com)
IA is a chronic disease, persisting as it often does for a long time, and some forms of the condition are systemic affecting many tissues and organs other than the joint and skin. (intechopen.com)
All human tissues were obtained with approval of the Institutional Review Board of K-Stem Cell (Seoul, Korea). (wjgnet.com)
The subchondral bone (SB) is intrinsically linked with the AC in the human knee, with the tissues forming an osteochondral unit, which has a well-established common biomechanical function. (orthopaedic-institute.org)

Cartilage progenitor cells may undergo chondrogenesis without chondrogenic induction and are better at chondrogenesis than BMSCs but worse than chondrocytes in the application of cartilage tissue engineering. (biomedcentral.com)

There are multiple treatments for cartilage repair including microfracture, osteochondral grafts transplantation and autologous chondrocytes transplantation. (aiche.org)
in combination with a PDGFRa H2B-GFP transgenic line, single cell RNA-sequencing, bulk RNA-sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, and cell transplantation assays. (elifesciences.org)

Beside their high rate of success, these methods still possess multiple drawbacks including formation of fibrous tissue which lack the structure of the native tissue and the damage to the healthy cartilage due to biopsies that is required for isolation of autologous chondrocytes. (aiche.org)

Periosteal osteosarcoma is a predominantly cartilaginous form of a surface osteosarcoma that may have the Codman triangle at its upper limits. (medscape.com)

Proteoglycans, made of proteins and sugars, form strands that interweave with collagens to form a mesh-like structure. (nih.gov)
3,4 The swelling that generally occurs in early OA is the result of an increased production of proteoglycans which reflects the chondrocytes' (cartilage cells) efforts to repair articular cartilage damage. (health.mil)

The unique approach we are taking to this problem of trachea damage or loss is forming tissue modules using a patient's cells and assembling them like childhood toy Legos into a more complex tissue,' said Alsberg, who is leading the research. (news-medical.net)
The patient's own skin cells may be grown in culture, then returned to a burned patient to help cover extensive burns. (msdmanuals.com)

These cells are grown in vitro in a specialised laboratory for approximately four to six weeks, until there are enough cells to reimplant on the damaged area of the articular cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
After irradiation, histological staining, immunohistochemical staining, and gene expression analysis were conducted following 1 or 14 days of in vitro culture (DIV). Our data indicated a significant loss of proliferating chondrocytes at 1 DIV, which was followed by regeneration attempts through chondrocytic cluster formation at 14 DIV. Accelerated levels of mineralization were observed, which correlated with increased proteoglycan production and secretion into the pericellular matrix. (mdpi.com)
In our previous study, cartilage progenitor cells from different subtypes of cartilage tissue were isolated and identified in vitro, but the study on in vivo chondrogenic characteristics of cartilage progenitor cells remained rarely. (biomedcentral.com)
These three cells combined with PHBV were cultured in vitro for 1 week without chondrogenic induction and then transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice for 6 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
Although this work was performed in vitro, there are clear implications for cartilage repair by cell-based tissue engineering, in which the health of the SB underlying the repair site may influence the composition, and therefore properties of the repair tissue. (orthopaedic-institute.org)

Negative stem cell markers indicate other cell lineages such as hematopoietic and endothelial cells and include CD 14, 31, 34, and 45 [ 14 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were able to grow on the inner wall of the hollow fibers and form a lumen similar to those found in natural blood vessels. (advancedsciencenews.com)

The fate of the frontonasal mass is to form the premaxilla, nasal septum and facial midline. (ubc.ca)

The BMSCs used in the model were isolated from donor-matched regions of the SB that were deemed as 'healthy' or 'unhealthy' based on macroscopic and histological characteristics, to determine the differential effect of SB health on chondrocyte behaviour in the model. (orthopaedic-institute.org)

In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which SUMOylation pathways regulate skeletal cells in physiological and disease contexts. (mdpi.com)
Chondrocyte-Specific Pathology During Skeletal Growth and Therapeutics in a Murine Model of Pseudoachondroplasia. (nih.gov)
Although there have been tremendous advances concerning the understanding of the cell biology, physiology and molecular genetics of skeletal, and to some extent the orofacial muscles, there is a paucity of information regarding the pathophysiology of orofacial muscles (masticatory and facial muscle). (nih.gov)
During bone development the mineralised cartilage matrix of the endochondral skeletal is invaded by preosteoblasts derived from mesenchymal cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Since the main cause of arthritis is degeneration of cartilage [ 4 ], along with scientific findings showing a significant depletion of levels of mesenchymal cells in osteoarthritis [ 5 ], attention has been directed towards harnessing these cells to prolong the life of an implant. (omicsonline.org)

Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning of a messenger ribonucleic acid encoding transforming growth factor beta 4 from chicken embryo chondrocytes.Jakowlew S.B., Dillard P.J., Sporn M.B., Roberts A.B.Mol. (joplink.net)

To investigate more precisely the role of the individual Rb family proteins in FGF-mediated growth inhibition, we used chondrocyte micromass culture of limb bud cells isolated from mice lacking Rb proteins individually or in combination. (silverchair.com)

5 , 6 , 7 Previous studies demonstrated that articular chondrocyte homeostasis could be disrupted by multiple factors, such as abnormal mechanical loading, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. (nature.com)
By 3 weeks (when most chondrocytes are retaining D469del-COMP), inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage contribute to chondrocyte cell death by necroptosis. (nih.gov)

Bones at the base of the skull and long bones form via endochondral ossification. (lumenlearning.com)
Long bones are formed from a cartilage model precursor by endochondral ossification (see the image below) and can range in size from a phalanx to a femur. (medscape.com)
Unregulated FGF signaling affects endochondral ossification and long bone growth, causing several genetic forms of human dwarfism. (silverchair.com)

In OA, degenerative changes and low-grade inflammation within the joint transform the behaviour and metabolism of chondrocytes, disturb the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation, and alter the osmolality and ionic composition of the micro-environment. (biomedcentral.com)

Autosomal recessive means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (nih.gov)

We have found evidence that senescence occurs because growth plate chondrocytes have a finite proliferative capacity that is gradually exhausted causing growth to slow and finally stop ( Nilsson et al, 2014 ). (nih.gov)

Importantly, drug-based inhibition of ATX activity led to reduced COL I expression and increased the secretion of COL II in a rat model similar to microfracture, thereby improving the quality of neocartilage formed after full-thickness injury. (dtic.mil)

Although these drugs in particular are not viable treatment options, our findings do provide a foundation for the development of a therapy that would reduce inflammation in the growth plate chondrocytes," said Posey. (nih.gov)
10. Fas ligand expression on T cells is sufficient to prevent prolonged airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. (nih.gov)

The net result is that new bone is formed at the bottom of the growth plate, causing the bones to grow longer and the child to grow taller. (nih.gov)
Many of these signals regulate growth plate function both by acting locally on growth plate chondrocytes and also indirectly by modulating other endocrine signals in the network. (nih.gov)
Lentiviruses were chosen to deliver the TGF-β3 (transforming growth factor β3) gene into the cells. (nih.gov)
We also identified an optimal treatment window for children-starting around age 2, when most of the cells in the growth plates are still viable and widespread cell death has not yet occurred. (nih.gov)
Once growth plate chondrocytes have been depleted, treatments likely would have little effect," Posey concluded. (nih.gov)
Specifically, the type of stem cell, the amount of cells, the combination of growth factors and mechanical stimuli, and the ideal delivery vehicle all still need to be determined. (hindawi.com)
Throughout fetal development and into childhood growth and development, bone forms on the cartilaginous matrix. (lumenlearning.com)
The protein may be involved in the early formation of the chondrocytes and may be required for cartilage and growth plate development. (antibodies-online.com)
Expression of a PyLT mutant that efficiently binds pRb, but not p107 and p130, allowed the cells to be growth inhibited by FGF, suggesting that pRb itself is not involved in the FGF response. (silverchair.com)
Although wild-type as well as Rb −/− chondrocytes were similarly growth inhibited by FGF, chondrocytes null for p107 and p130 did not respond to FGF. (silverchair.com)
This study investigated the association between orpk tibial long bone growth and chondrocyte primary cilia expression using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. (auckland.ac.nz)
Wild-type chondrocytes throughout the developing epiphysis and growth plate expressed primary cilia, which showed a specific orientation away from the articular surface in the first 7-10 cell layers. (auckland.ac.nz)

It protects blood-forming bone marrow. (educationcares.com)

We therefore hypothesized that chondrocytes adjust their physiology to the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the expression of these transporters and ion channels during or prior to the onset of symptomatic OA. (biomedcentral.com)

The modification of proteins by s mall u biquitin-related mo difier (SUMO) molecules, SUMOylation, is a key post-translational modification involved in a variety of biological processes, such as chromosome organization, DNA replication and repair, transcription, nuclear transport, and cell signaling transduction. (mdpi.com)
This area of research focuses on the crucial roles of enzymes and proteins in relation to the production of various metabolites from cells. (ukm.my)
These include the study of the physiology of cells, gene isolations and expression systems, regulation of pathways implicated in the biosynthesis of the metabolites, protein purification, structure and function as well as the biochemical properties of the proteins. (ukm.my)
Using a chondrocyte cell line, we found that FGF induced a rapid dephosphorylation of all three proteins of the Rb family (pRb, p107, and p130) and a blockade of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (silverchair.com)
This cell cycle block was reversed by inactivation of Rb proteins with viral oncoproteins such as polyoma large T (PyLT) antigen and Adenovirus E1A. (silverchair.com)
Amongst the 431 unique cell surface proteins identified, a high percentage of low-abundance proteins, such as ion channels, receptors and transporter molecules were detected. (biomedcentral.com)
A high number of proteins exhibited different expression patterns following chondrocyte stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results provide, for the first time, a repository for proteomic data on differentially expressed low-abundance membrane proteins on the surface of chondrocytes in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
With the use of high throughput proteomics following enrichment of the cell surface proteins, it is possible to identify chondrocyte plasma membrane (PM) proteins under experimental exposure to pro-inflammatory stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
The differentially expressed cell surface proteins could potentially be exploited as biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets of OA. (biomedcentral.com)
GFAP can polymerize with other type III proteins or with neurofilament protein (NF-L). Interestingly, GFAP and other type III IF proteins cannot assemble with keratins, the type I and II intermediate filaments: in cells that express both proteins, two separate intermediate filament networks form. (biolegend.com)

Lentiviral-based reporter constructs for profiling chondrogenic activity in primary equine cell populations. (uams.edu)
Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the surfaceome of primary equine chondrocytes isolated from healthy joints following exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). (biomedcentral.com)

This cell based articular cartilage repair procedure takes place in three stages. (wikipedia.org)

Since the introduction of the European Union regulation on advanced therapies in 2007, the centralized procedure has become compulsory for advanced-therapy medicinal products such as gene therapy, somatic cell therapy, or tissue-engineered medicines. (medscape.com)

The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles (collarbones) are formed via intramembranous ossification. (lumenlearning.com)
a) Mesenchymal cells group into clusters, and ossification centers form. (lumenlearning.com)

5 However, this process is accompanied by the presence of proinflammatory cytokines which result in the deterioration of chondrocyte metabolism and limit self-regeneration of cartilage. (health.mil)

Anatomy27

Organisms4

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Differentiation26

Extracellular matrix14

Proliferation8

Implantation6

Stem cells34

Osteoblasts10

Articular chondrocytes6

Specialized cells called chondrocytes1

Hypertrophic4

MSCs11

Adipocytes3

Chondroblasts1

Known as chondrocytes2

Defects4

Differentiate into chondrocytes1

Osteocytes and chondrocytes1

Stromal cells9

Apoptosis4

Collagen5

Scaffold4

Tissues7

Undergo1

Transplantation2

METHODS1

Osteosarcoma1

Proteoglycans2

Patient's2

Vitro5

Endothelial cells2

Nasal septum1

BMSCs1

Skeletal4

Osteoarthritis1

Chicken embryo1

Micromass1

Oxidative stress2

Endochondral ossification3

Degradation1

Mutations1

Proliferative1

Full-thickness1

Inflammation2

Growth12

Bone marrow1

Microenvironment1

Proteins11

Primary equine2

Cartilage repair1

Tissue engineered1

Ossification2

Metabolism1