• Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
  • Study of biological processes at the suborganismal level including cell chemistry, metabolism, reproduction, genetics, and complex tissue physiology. (mnsu.edu)
  • Metabolism in eukaryotic cells is tightly regulated in response to nutrient and energy availability as well as growth factor signaling for coordination of metabolism across organs and organism. (unibas.ch)
  • The mTORCs integrate multiple input signals from nutrient levels, cellular energy state and external growth factors for the control of anabolic vs. catabolic metabolism, proliferation and growth as well as cytoskeletal dynamics and cell survival. (unibas.ch)
  • Major downstream targets include fatty acid and lipid metabolism, protein and nucleotide biosynthesis. (unibas.ch)
  • Eukaryotic lipid and fatty acid metabolism remains a critical challenge for studies at the atomic, molecular and cellular scale: In contrast to simple prokaryotic systems, fatty acid metabolism in eukaryotes builds upon large multienzymes, which integrate multiple catalytic activities into giant proteins. (unibas.ch)
  • Later steps of lipid metabolism are occurring in membrane space and rely on membrane-integral or -associated proteins. (unibas.ch)
  • Combining experimental structural studies with functional analysis, we elucidate fundamental principles of multienzyme architecture & regulation and the role of protein assemblies for spatial organization of metabolism. (unibas.ch)
  • It is required for collagen biosynthesis, and involved in protein metabolism. (prsync.com)
  • Using Western blotting and/or radioimmunoprecipitation analysis, the biosynthesis and metabolism of viral surface protein may be studied. (zeptometrix.com)
  • The transcription factor FOSL1 (also known as Fra-1), which is found in basal-like breast cancers but not in the luminal subtype, stimulated the transcription of miR-221/222, and the abundance of these miRNAs decreased with inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or MEK (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase), placing miR-221/222 downstream of the RAS pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Our lab seeks to understand how the protein kinase family organises complex intracellular communication networks. (edu.au)
  • We employ a multidisciplinary approach including kinase biochemistry and biology, structural biology (X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy), assay development, high-throughput screening, proteomics, imaging and chemical biology to gain high-resolution insights into kinase/pseudokinase signaling proteins. (edu.au)
  • Two key focus areas of our research with outstanding relevance for human health are the mTOR kinase, the central regulator of cellular growth and proliferation, and fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis. (unibas.ch)
  • We use a number of model systems (pituitary cells, cell lines, transgenic animals) to study signal pathways for a hypothalamic peptide hormone, TRH, which acts via a G protein coupled receptor to increase cytoplasmic calcium and protein kinase C activity. (rochester.edu)
  • Paroxetine is a direct inhibitor of g protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and increases myocardial contractility. (rochester.edu)
  • This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • By targeting electron transport chain complex 1 and independently of AMP-activated protein kinase. (lu.se)
  • By targeting electron transport chain complex 1 and independently of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or NF-κB, metformin blocked LPS-induced and ATP-dependent mitochondrial (mt) DNA synthesis and generation of oxidized mtDNA, an NLRP3 ligand. (lu.se)
  • Variant MobA proteins were characterized for their ability to support the synthesis of active molybdenum enzymes, to bind MPT and MGD, to interact with the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis proteins MobB and MoeA. (rcsb.org)
  • As loss of RPL5/RPL11 abrogates ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis to the same extent as loss of other essential 60S RPs, we reasoned the loss of RPL5 and RPL11 would induce a p53-independent cell cycle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
  • The work in PNAS provides new insights on exactly how cells control synthesis of heparin. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers at UC San Diego reasoned that heparin synthesis must be under the control of certain gene regulators (called transcription factors), whose tissue-specific occurrence might give mast cells the unique ability to produce heparin. (eurekalert.org)
  • Membrane proteins in translational control: characterisation of membrane-bound protein complexes associated with eIF2B, which regulates protein synthesis, and is important in neurological disease. (shu.ac.uk)
  • Another alternative is to use cell-free protein biosynthesis systems , like the EasyXpress Protein Synthesis Kit . (qiagen.com)
  • Increasing evidence from our lab and others supports that ribosomal proteins play a critical role in development1 and diseases including bone marrow disease 2 in addition to its essential role in protein synthesis. (dtic.mil)
  • While the functionalization of methionine, threonine, and isoleucine synthesis was unsuccessful, restoration of valine synthesis rendered mammalian cells partially independent of exogenous valine. (elifesciences.org)
  • Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
  • Hgh treatment caused anabolic effects mainly by diversion of energy to protein synthesis. (wada-ama.org)
  • some compounds in this group may also inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis (fluometuron) or synthesis of anthocyanin, RNA, and proteins (propanil), as well as effects on the plasmalemma (propanil) (Devine et al. (weedscience.org)
  • Benzofuranes (WSSA Group 16), chlorocarbonic acids (Group 26), phosphorodithioates (Group 8), and thiocarbamates (Group 8) are examples of herbicides that are known inhibitors of several plant processes including: 1) biosynthesis of fatty acids and lipids which may account for reported reductions in cuticular wax deposition, 2) biosynthesis of proteins, isoprenoids (including gibberellins), and flavonoids (including anthocyanins), and 3) gibberellin synthesis inhibition which may result from the inhibition of kaurene synthesis. (weedscience.org)
  • A particular challenge is the synthesis of oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs), which catalyze the attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here, we address this challenge by establishing a bacterial cell-free protein synthesis platform that enables rapid production of a variety of OSTs in their active conformations. (biorxiv.org)
  • Mutations in the MOCS1 , MOCS2 , or GPHN gene reduce or eliminate the function of the associated protein, which impairs molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein Regulates Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Chromoplast Development in Monkeyflowers ( Mimulus ). (bvsalud.org)
  • By specifically silencing or overexpressing CD38 and CD73, we demonstrated that endogenous CD73 enables, whereas CD38 impairs, the conversion of extracellular NMN to NR as a precursor for intracellular NAD(+) biosynthesis in human cells. (truniagen.com)
  • This is necessary because most host iron is bound to intracellular and extracellular proteins. (medscape.com)
  • The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) protein is an intracellular Ca 2+ -activated non-selective cation channel, which is impermeable to Ca 2+ . (frontiersin.org)
  • Humans have evolved elaborate mechanisms to activate p53 in response to insults that lead to cancer, including the binding and inhibition of Hdm2 by the 60S ribosomal proteins (RPs) RPL5 and RPL11. (nih.gov)
  • NAD(+) is mainly synthesized in human cells via the "salvage" pathways starting from nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide riboside (NR). The inhibition with FK866 of the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), catalyzing the first reaction in the "salvage" pathway from nicotinamide, showed potent antitumor activity in several preclinical models of solid and hematologic cancers. (truniagen.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that low micromolar concentrations of extracellular NAD(+) or NAD(+) precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and NR, can reverse the FK866-induced cell death, this representing a plausible explanation for the failure of NAMPT inhibition as an anti-cancer therapy. (truniagen.com)
  • Moreover, cell viability in FK866-treated cells supplemented with extracellular NMN was strongly reduced in tumor cells, upon pharmacological inhibition or specific down-regulation of CD73. (truniagen.com)
  • Inhibition of ergosterol, protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis altered titan cell formation, as did serum, phospholipids and anti-capsular antibodies in our settings. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • In secondary carnitine deficiency, which is caused by other metabolic disorders (eg, fatty acid oxidation disorders, organic acidemias), carnitine depletion may be secondary to the formation of acylcarnitine adducts and the inhibition of carnitine transport in renal cells by acylcarnitines. (medscape.com)
  • Fe 2+ may also be toxic to organisms, since it can promote the generation of highly reactive oxygen species that are capable of causing severe damage to proteins and nucleic acids. (lu.se)
  • Genes for non-apoptotic cell death and regulation of osmotic pressure were down-regulated. (wada-ama.org)
  • We identified the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222) as basal-like subtype-specific miRNAs and showed that expression of miR-221/222 decreased expression of epithelial-specific genes and increased expression of mesenchymal-specific genes, and increased cell migration and invasion in a manner characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nih.gov)
  • Lysosomal function is critical for organismal homeostasis-mutations in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause severe human disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases, and lysosome dysfunction is implicated in age-associated diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
  • We designed codon-optimized biosynthesis pathways based on genes mined from Escherichia coli . (elifesciences.org)
  • Using H99-derivative strains with natural genetic differences, we showed that titan cell formation was dependent on LMP1 and SGF29 genes. (broadinstitute.org)
  • By screening a gene deletion collection, we also confirmed that GPR4/5-RIM101, and CAC1 genes were required to generate titan cells and that the PKR1, TSP2, USV101 genes negatively regulated titan cell formation. (broadinstitute.org)
  • In the first phase of the project cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/monocyte, IM-9/T lymphocyte, H9/B lymphocyte), PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively will be treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate genes influenced by hghapplication. (wada-ama.org)
  • Whole genome cDNA microarrays as well as oligonucleotide microarrays including leukocyte-relevant genes will be used to characterize potential hgh-specific genes by comparing gene expression profiles of treated and untreated cells. (wada-ama.org)
  • To this purpose cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/ monocyte, IM-9/ B- lymphocyte, H9/ T-lymphocyte) and PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively were treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate hgh-sensitive genes. (wada-ama.org)
  • Genes clustering in the categories fatty acid beta oxidation, cell adhesion, DNA replication and polyamine biosynthesis were up-regulated indicating increased lipolysis, cell attachment, proliferation and growth. (wada-ama.org)
  • Genes of groups similar to those detected as repressed in H9 cells were also down-regulated in the RA-1 cell line along with genes responsible for muscle development. (wada-ama.org)
  • With this method, it can be determined which genes play a role for the production of a cell. (tum.de)
  • MOCS1 gene mutations cause type A, MOCS2 gene mutations cause type B, and GPHN gene mutations cause type C. The proteins produced from each of these genes are involved in the formation (biosynthesis) of a molecule called molybdenum cofactor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The book's 10 chapters describe the biochemical and molecular features of prions and the normal prion protein, various laboratory methods for studying prions, and advances in the pathogenesis and immunology of prion diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding the detailed biochemical properties of the cellular prion protein will help show the molecular basis of its interaction with, and conversion to, the pathogenic prions. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, we use biochemical and genetic approaches to identify proteins that interact with the receptor during biosynthesis, signaling and desensitization. (rochester.edu)
  • I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Two tightly regulated biochemical processes, metallation of porphyrin at the last stage of heme biosynthesis and the generation of iron-sulphur clusters (ISC), take place inside the mitochondrial matrix and utilise around 80% of the iron acquired by organisms. (lu.se)
  • Thus, our study suggests that genetic or pharmacologic interventions interfering with CD73 activity may prove useful to increase cancer cell sensitivity to NAMPT inhibitors. (truniagen.com)
  • Gene expression" refers to the process by which a DNA sequence (i.e. a gene) is used to make a specific RNA or protein, while "epigenetics" refers to the ways phenotypes are impacted by factors other than genetic sequence (e.g. gene repression by chromatin packing). (umassmed.edu)
  • The idea would be to control this regulator in industrial cell lines using genetic engineering, paving the way for safe industrial production of heparin in well-controlled cell culture. (eurekalert.org)
  • Recent evidence indicates that altered degradation rate of mutant proteins represents a pathogenic mechanism underlying genetic diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Titan cells formation in Cryptococcus neoformans is finely tuned by environmental conditions and modulated by positive and negative genetic regulators. (broadinstitute.org)
  • We explored genetic factors important for titan cell formation using three approaches. (broadinstitute.org)
  • In both genetic and diet-induced models of insulin resistance, CHOP deficiency improved β cell ultrastructure and promoted cell survival. (jci.org)
  • ERK1/2 and AKT pathways may involve in the piperine-mediated stimulation of Leydig cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Major genomic deletions in independent eukaryotic lineages have led to repeated ancestral loss of biosynthesis pathways for nine of the twenty canonical amino acids. (elifesciences.org)
  • Previous studies have highlighted that EAA biosynthesis tends to be more energetically costly, raising the possibility that these pathways were lost from organisms with access to abundant EAAs. (elifesciences.org)
  • These pathways were de novo synthesized in 3 kilobase chunks, assembled in yeasto and genomically integrated into a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this report, the authors devised synthetic genomic strategies to introduce essential amino-acid biosynthetic pathways into mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Whole genome sequencing across the tree of life has revealed the surprising observation that nine essential amino acid (EAA) biosynthesis pathways are missing from the metazoan lineage ( Payne and Loomis, 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Through development of a standardized and robust in vitro assay, our results provide new insights into titan cell biogenesis with the identification of multiple important factors/pathways. (broadinstitute.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition, disruption of GPI bionsynthesis is detrimental to fungal cells as GPI anchor maturation impairment disrupts proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum causing potentially lethal cellular stress. (nature.com)
  • They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)
  • Consistent with increase in serum T, piperine increased Leydig cell number, cell size, and multiple steroidogenic pathway proteins, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, 17α-hydroxylase/20-lyase, and steroidogenic factor 1 expression levels. (frontiersin.org)
  • Piperine in vitro also increased androgen production and stimulated cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and 17α-hydroxylase/20-lyase activities in immature Leydig cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Specifically, by using lipid nanodiscs as cellular membrane mimics, we obtained yields of up to 440 µg/mL for the single-subunit OST enzyme, 'Protein glycosylation B' (PglB) from Campylobacter jejuni , as well as for three additional PglB homologs from Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari , and Desulfovibrio gigas . (biorxiv.org)
  • beta-1,4-Gatactosyltransferase 7 (beta 4GalT7) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans (PGs). (lu.se)
  • Here we examined the molecular mechanism by which multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) induce M1 polarization in vitro, with a focus on the induction of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of LMs. (cdc.gov)
  • It is described as a housekeeping enzyme, being responsible for cell-to-cell signaling, tissue homeostasis, and cytoprotection. (medscape.com)
  • These cells tend to be more metabolically quiescent and rely on mitochondrial oxidation for bioenergetics. (cancer.gov)
  • Here, we report progress on a large-scale synthetic genomics effort to reestablish EAA biosynthetic functionality in mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mammalian cells produce PGs, which are involved in biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation. (lu.se)
  • COX-1 is expressed constitutively and is isolated throughout most cell lines in almost all mammalian tissues. (medscape.com)
  • This inhibits the formation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-C9), which prevents membrane damage and bacterial cell death. (medscape.com)
  • Piperine stimulates pubertal Leydig cell development by increasing Leydig cell number and promoting its maturation while it inhibits spermatogenesis in the rat. (frontiersin.org)
  • Wu C, Roy B, He F, Yan K, Jacobson A. Poly(A)-Binding Protein Regulates the Efficiency of Translation Termination. (umassmed.edu)
  • We found Rpl22 is dispensable for protein biosynthesis but regulates transformation and hematopoiesis 1, 3. (dtic.mil)
  • To study structure-function relationships, we have constructed a number of site-specific mutations of the most highly conserved amino acid residues of the MobA protein family. (rcsb.org)
  • These processes are important in understanding how D-amino acids are kept away from getting incorporated during protein biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, we designed a protein-free dispersion media containing phospholipids and amino acids in an isotonic balanced electrolyte solution, a solution for nasal and olfactory transport (SNOT). (cdc.gov)
  • 1 Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cancer Cell Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. (nih.gov)
  • Recently chemical biology findings have highlighted the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis pathway as a promising novel target pathway to treat life-threatening fungal infections. (nature.com)
  • Chapter 3 describes the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and cell biology of the cellular prion protein by using cell culture systems. (cdc.gov)
  • These are frequently distorted by the devices used, the environment, or the cell biology itself. (tum.de)
  • They are large complexes composed of RNA and protein molecules, and translate the mRNA sequence into a protein sequence. (albany.edu)
  • The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of murine macrophages (J774A.1) with Mitsui-7 MWCNTsincreased the expression of Alox5 mRNA and protein in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • In consequence, protein turnover of WT-TRPM4 and TRPM4 variants overexpressed in HEK293 cells was analyzed using cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein biosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophils, which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, a LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, NS-398, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • The cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophilic cells (differentiated from HL-60), which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not NS-398, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Change in the incubation medium, hypoxia, nutrient starvation and low pH were the main factors that trigger titan cell formation, while quorum sensing factors like the initial inoculum concentration, pantothenic acid, and the quorum sensing peptide Qsp1p also impacted titan cell formation. (broadinstitute.org)
  • One synthetic pathway produced valine at a sufficient level for cell viability and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
  • 13 C-tracing verified de novo biosynthesis of valine and further revealed build-up of pathway intermediate 2,3-dihydroxy-3-isovalerate. (elifesciences.org)
  • Increasing the dosage of downstream ilvD boosted pathway performance and allowed for long-term propagation of second-generation cells in valine-free medium at 3.2 days per doubling. (elifesciences.org)
  • Over the last 15 years I have developed a research pathway in auxin biosynthesis going back to my degree and PhD work at the Technical University of Munich where I studied the nitrilase pathway in maize auxin biosynthesis and maize tryptophan synthase complex. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Based on this work I won a fellowship from the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies to investigate the subcellular localisation of maize auxin biosynthesis at Dankook University in Seoul which lead to a publication that showed for the first time that both steps of the TAA/YUC pathway of auxin biosynthesis can be ER-localised. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Ferrochelatase catalyses iron insertion into protoporphyrin IX at the terminal step of heme biosynthesis, while IscU assists in the formation of iron-sulphur clusters. (lu.se)
  • A landmark example are giant eukaryotic fatty acid synthases (FASs), which comprise seven types of functional domains and carry out more than 40 reaction steps for the biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl- and malonyl-CoA. (unibas.ch)
  • C-reactive protein level had a significant association with body mass index (r = 0.18), adiposity (r = 0.23), smoking (r = 0.20), carbohydrate intake (r = 0.19) and saturated fatty acid (r = 0.20). (who.int)
  • Dr. Pryciak studies how protein kinases regulate cell signaling and the cell cycle. (umassmed.edu)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
  • How is ribosome composition altered in cells during stress and during a viral infection? (albany.edu)
  • I took up a position at Oxford Brookes University in 2012 investigating the role of reticulon proteins in ER tubulation and viral trafficking in order to develop my international reputation in ER research and advanced imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • The antibody immunoprecipitates gp46 surface protein from radiolabeled cell lysates, as well as viral precursor protein. (zeptometrix.com)
  • Here, we use a reporter gene-based screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the discovery of antifungal inhibitors of GPI-anchoring of proteins, and identify the oligocyclopropyl-containing natural product jawsamycin (FR-900848) as a potent hit. (nature.com)
  • 1 Recent insights reveal that mitochondria can regulate cell signaling and gene expression by tuning the rates of metabolic reactions. (cancer.gov)
  • In particular, the researchers found a critical gene in heparin biosynthesis: ZNF263 (zinc-finger protein 263). (eurekalert.org)
  • The existence of such a binding site could indicate that the respective gene is regulated by a corresponding gene regulator protein, i.e. a transcription factor. (eurekalert.org)
  • Using the gene-editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9, the UC San Diego researchers mutated ZNF263 in a human cell line that normally does not produce heparin. (eurekalert.org)
  • Interestingly, analysis of gene expression data from human white blood cells showed suppression of ZNF263 in mast cells (which produce heparin in vivo) and basophils, which are related to mast cells. (eurekalert.org)
  • The vectors in the cis-Repressed pQE Vector Set are similar to those in the N-Terminus pQE Vector Set, but additionally express the laclq gene product that represses protein expression prior to IPTG induction. (qiagen.com)
  • We found and optimized in vitro conditions that produce titan cells in order to identify the ancestry of titan cells, the environmental determinants, and the key gene regulators of titan cell formation. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The B lymphocyte cell line RA-1 showed gene upregulation in the categories opioid receptor, oxidoreductase and GMP-reductase activity. (wada-ama.org)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this case, an error occurred during the formation of egg or sperm cells, and the child received two copies of the mutated gene from one parent instead of one copy from each parent. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, the physiologic significance of prostaglandin production did not unfold until 1971, when Vane, Smith, and Willis discovered that aspirin and indomethacin inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
  • The group has identified the mechanistic underpinnings of FAAL's incredible specificity towards its substrate, acyl carrier protein and rejecting CoA, despite being chemically identical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondria are also the primary source of the basic building blocks from which lipids, nucleotides, and proteins are derived. (cancer.gov)
  • Lipids and proteins are attacked and oxidized, resulting in loss of chlorophyll and carotenoids and in leaky membranes which allow cells and cell organelles to dry and disintegrate rapidly. (weedscience.org)
  • A century later, we now know that mitochondria are so vital that cancer cells cannot grow without them. (cancer.gov)
  • Building from this logic, if we were able to shut down the mitochondria, could we not power down cancer cells? (cancer.gov)
  • We show that the effects on cell cycle progression stemmed from reduced ribosome content and translational capacity, which suppressed the accumulation of cyclins at the translational level. (nih.gov)
  • Due to their central role in driving cell proliferation, mTORCs are key targets for anti-cancer therapy. (unibas.ch)
  • Both the structure of the PGs and the GAG chains, and the expression of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, vary between normal cells and tumor cells. (lu.se)
  • The researchers report that ZNF263 appears to be an active repressor of heparin biosynthesis throughout most cell types, and mast cells are enabled to produce heparin because ZNF263 is suppressed in these cells. (eurekalert.org)
  • This combination of two repressor modules results in highly efficient suppression of recombinant protein expression prior to induction and gives the best chance of successful expression of toxic proteins. (qiagen.com)
  • The compound targets the catalytic subunit Spt14 (also referred to as Gpi3) of the fungal UDP-glycosyltransferase, the first step in GPI biosynthesis, with good selectivity over the human functional homolog PIG-A. Jawsamycin displays antifungal activity in vitro against several pathogenic fungi including Mucorales, and in vivo in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis due to Rhyzopus delemar infection. (nature.com)
  • Chapter 2 describes a cell-free conversion reaction system to study how pathogenic prions associated with different species interact with host cellular prion protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Recently, the group has also identified the role of a FAAL-like homolog in eukaryotes called Disco-interacting protein 2 (DIP2), in regulating a specific pool of diacylglycerols by converting it into triacylglycerols, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • By developing novel tools and harnessing the power of metabolomics, proteomics and functional genomics, our lab will define 1) how the lysosome communicates with other cellular compartments to fulfill the metabolic demands of the cell under various metabolic states, 2) and how its dysfunction leads to rare and common human diseases. (stanford.edu)
  • To analyse protein locations we use techniques such as protein expression, cellular fractionation, and confocal fluorescence microscopy. (shu.ac.uk)
  • Tail-anchored membrane proteins: investigating the targeting and membrane insertion mechanisms, which is important due to the wide range of core cellular functions performed by these proteins. (shu.ac.uk)
  • Our research builds on hybrid use of state-of-the-art cryo electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography and advanced optical microscopy to elucidate blueprints of dynamic protein and principles of their assembly and cellular level interplay. (unibas.ch)
  • The long-term goal is to understand signal transduction in endocrine cells at a molecular and cellular level. (rochester.edu)
  • At negative membrane potentials, TRPM4 allows Na + entry into the cell, leading to cellular membrane depolarization. (frontiersin.org)
  • Previously I have determined that Rpl22 functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in a mouse T-cell lymphoma model by activating NFB and its target Lin28B 3. (dtic.mil)
  • The tuberous sclerosis protein (TSC) complex acts as a relay for anabolic signaling and as a tumor suppressor. (tugraz.at)
  • We unraveled a surprising mechanism that enables tumor cells to survive and grow when Trp is scarce. (tugraz.at)
  • Thus, the aim of this work is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, its mechanism of action, and to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in endotoxin's recognition by the immune system and cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Metabolic reactions are spatially organized not only into organelles but also by the transient formation of localized protein assemblies in the cytosol. (unibas.ch)
  • Lipid compositions reflect the metabolic and functional state of a cell. (unibas.ch)
  • The progression from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes is caused by the failure of pancreatic β cells to produce sufficient levels of insulin to meet the metabolic demand. (jci.org)
  • Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences of Newcastle University. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Bacteria are able to compete effectively for iron bound to host proteins because of the secretion of high-affinity, low molecular weight iron chelators known as siderophores. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, the objective of this study is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, as well as to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in its recognition by the immune system and in cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, to maintain an adequate supply of iron, cells require molecular mechanisms to overcome both the limited bioavailability and the potential toxicity of this metal. (lu.se)
  • How does ribosome composition regulate how much and which proteins are synthesized? (albany.edu)
  • Viroid trafficking in plant cells: determining the mechanisms of RNA import into the chloroplast, which is a crucial step in the lifecycle of viroids. (shu.ac.uk)
  • This capsule encases the entire cell surface, accounts for the large appearance of the organism on gram stain, and provides resistance against many host defense mechanisms. (medscape.com)
  • To reduce the effects of protein toxicity on bacterial cell growth prior to induction, the level of basal transcription that occurs in the absence of induction ("leakiness") should be repressed as much as possible, and the number of generations before induction should be kept to a minimum. (qiagen.com)
  • Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein facilitates transfer of bacterial cell wall components to inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
  • They are able to activate complement, which causes selective deposition of C3b onto LPS molecules at sites distant from the bacterial cell membrane. (medscape.com)
  • The Flores Kim lab studies how bacteria build their cell envelopes and how antimicrobials disrupt these processes. (umassmed.edu)
  • Herbicides target only a few proteins or processes among the tremendous range present in plants. (weedscience.org)
  • Similar strategies are being used to ask how insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cell is controlled. (rochester.edu)
  • After cell lysis, 6xHis-tagged proteins are purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography under native or denaturing conditions. (qiagen.com)
  • The two complexes share the defining core mTOR protein but employ characteristic subunits, Raptor for mTORC1 and Rictor for mTORC2, for capturing input signals controlling and localization, as well as for recognizing specific targets for phosphorylation. (unibas.ch)
  • Chronic ER stress promotes apoptosis, at least in part through the UPR-induced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). (jci.org)
  • These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the roles of CD38 and CD73 in providing ectocellular NAD(+) precursors for NAD(+) biosynthesis and in modulating cell susceptibility to FK866. (truniagen.com)
  • Transient receptor potential melastatin member 4 (TRPM4), a non-selective cation channel, mediates cell membrane depolarization in immune response, insulin secretion, neurological disorders, and cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have the tools to see and image small molecules and eukaryotic cells with these different methods. (lindau-nobel.org)
  • The antibody is used to detect HTLV-I surface protein and its precursor in lysates prepared from virions or infected cells. (zeptometrix.com)
  • The subcellular distribution of an RNA quality control protein, the Ro autoantigen, is regulated by noncoding Y RNA binding. (albany.edu)
  • Here I pursued my scientific interests in subcellular protein localisation, bioinformatics, and mathematical modelling. (brookes.ac.uk)