Cells phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
Targeted therapy drugs are used to target specific genes and proteins of cancer cells to precisely identify and attack specific types of cancer cells. (medsci.org)
The Bmi1/Ring1 protein complex maintains transcriptional repression of developmental genes through histone H2A mono-ubiquitination, and Bmi1 deficiency in mice results in growth retardation, progeria, and neurodegeneration. (nih.gov)
Specific substrates for cdk-cyclin complexes include nuclear lamins, histones, oncogenes (e.g., c-abl and SV40 large T-Ag), tumor suppressor genes (e.g., retinoblastoma protein, Rb), nucleolin and others. (bdbiosciences.com)
p53 is up-regulated in response to stress signals and stimulated to activate transcription of specific genes, resulting in expression of p21waf1 and other proteins involved in G1 or G2/M arrest. (thermofisher.com)
The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
The objective of this work is to identify dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC temporally according to systematic tracking of the dysregulated modules of reweighted Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. (hindawi.com)
In addition, a PPI network can be modeled as an undirected graph, where vertices represent proteins and edges represent interactions between proteins, to prioritize disease associated genes or pathways and to understand the modus operandi of disease mechanisms [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The C-terminal domain binds to the transcription factor E2F, removing it from the genes involved in cell division. (rcsb.org)
Rb is also controlled by phosphorylation: by adding phosphate groups to the protein, it can't bind to E2F and the genes that control cell division are expressed. (rcsb.org)
Moreover, many MHC class I protein-associated peptides were derived from small open reading frames in the lncRNA genes. (bvsalud.org)
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRb is a master regulator of cellular proliferation, principally through interaction with E2F and regulation of E2F target genes. (bvsalud.org)
Interrogating the global influence of H1.2 on the genome-wide distribution of pRb indicated that the E2F target genes affected by H1.2 are functionally linked to cell-cycle control, consistent with the ability of H1.2 to hinder cell proliferation and the elevated levels of chromatin-bound H1-pRb complex, which occur in growth-arrested cells. (bvsalud.org)
Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)
Pansensitive and panresistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs with concordant mRNA and protein expression were identified. (cdc.gov)

In mouse hepatocytes, p38γ induces proliferation after partial hepatectomy by promoting the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein at known CDK target residues. (nature.com)
The N-terminal phosphorylation of RB by p38 bypasses its inactivation by CDKs and prevents proliferation in cancer cells. (nature.com)
In addition, AKT/mTOR signaling and MAPK signaling were inhibited by JIB extract to suppress melanoma cell growth and proliferation. (medsci.org)
The results demonstrated that JIB extract combined with cisplatin enhanced the inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, and survival through the obstruction of cell cycle progression and AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling as well as the induction of cell apoptosis. (medsci.org)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
The p27 protein is a canonical negative regulator of cell proliferation and acts primarily by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (rcsb.org)
The broad spectrum anti-tumor effects of calcitriol and analogs are mostly based on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, induction of differentiation and apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (jcancer.org)
Bowen, 2004} detected keratinocyte proliferation by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) marking, 13,9% of keratinocytes were stained, compared with 6,4% in normal skin. (globale-dermatologie.com)
In previously reports , Plasmodium vivax was found to be able to directly inhibited erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, in vitro cultures of erythroid cells derived from haematopoietic stem cells has demonstrated that P. vivax is able to directly inhibit erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein Phosphatase 2 (PP2A) is an enzyme that plays important roles in regulating cell proliferation and by that has been shown to be a tumor suppressor. (viennabiocenter.org)
They help regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and in the case of neurons, synaptic plasticity. (ucsd.edu)
PGE 2 induces angiogenesis and tumor cell survival, proliferation and migration. (lu.se)
PGE2 induces angiogenesis and tumor cell survival, proliferation and migration. (lu.se)
An intracellular signaling and tumor suppressor protein that forms a complex with TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX 1 PROTEIN (TSC1) and other signaling factors to negatively regulate MTORC1 and affect cell growth and proliferation. (bvsalud.org)

The radiation-induced phosphorylation of p53 protein at serine 15, largely mediated by ATM kinase, was defective in AT, A(-T) and in 2/4 heterozygous carriers, while the G1 cell cycle checkpoint was disrupted in all AT and A(-T) cases, and in 3/10 AT heterozygotes. (nih.gov)
The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin protein complex 1 . (nature.com)
Here we demonstrate that p38 MAPK gamma (p38γ) acts as a CDK-like kinase and thus cooperates with CDKs, regulating entry into the cell cycle. (nature.com)
The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase group. (nature.com)
Structural and biochemical data revealed that binding of phosphorylated p27 (phosp27) to CDK4 altered the kinase adenosine triphosphate site to promote phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and other substrates. (rcsb.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
Calcitriol induces a number of non-genomic responses including rapid intestinal absorption of calcium, release of calcium from intracellular stores, opening of voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels, and the activation of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)
The activity of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is controlled by a balance between E3-ligase mediated p53 protein degradation and protein kinase-mediated assembly of p53:p300 transcription machinery. (dundee.ac.uk)
These data identify a physiological model with which to identify signaling pathways that mediate cross-talk between p63alphaDeltaN and activating p53 kinase pathways after DNA damage in basal cell populations. (dundee.ac.uk)
As a molecular mechanism, we demonstrate that PTPRD interacts with aurora kinase A (AURKA), an oncogenic protein that is over-expressed in multiple forms of cancer, including neuroblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Many molecular pathways in eukaryotic cells are modulated by specific signaling proteins that are controlled, by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, through the activity of kinase and phosphatase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
ATF-2 interacts with a variety of viral oncoproteins and cellular tumor suppressors and is a target of the SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways. (thermofisher.com)
In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Schip1 is necessary for promoting membrane localization and phosphorylation of Hpo by recruiting the Hpo kinase Tao-1 . (sdbonline.org)
Neuronal loss of the serine-threonine protein kinase Tao , a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, results in supernumerary boutons, each of which contain a normal number of active zones. (sdbonline.org)
The tumor suppressor gene p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (CDKN2A) is located within the chromosomal region 9p21 and encodes a cell-cycle protein that is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)-4 and -6. (iiarjournals.org)
Most recently, Dixon's lab has identified a new group of enzymes in the protein kinase family that phosphorylate casein in the biomineralization of teeth and bone. (ucsd.edu)
Phosphorylated PKM2 form a dimer structure with low pyruvate kinase activity but high protein kinase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

1. Rizzolio F, Lucchetti C, et al, Retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein phosphorylation and inactivation depend on direct interaction with Pin1. (signalchem.com)
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRb is a key regulator of cell cycle progression and mediator of the DNA damage response. (ox.ac.uk)

Mutants of p53 that frequently occur in a number of different human cancers fail to bind the consensus DNA binding site, and cause the loss of tumor suppressor activity. (thermofisher.com)
In addition, loss of tumor suppressor activity or proapoptotic factors can contribute to androgen-independent growth (8) and has been reviewed (9) . (aacrjournals.org)

Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that functions as a tumor suppressor of lung tumors. (cancerindex.org)

Lundberg, A. S. & Weinberg, R. A. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
Egon Ogris and his team have now found out that the prevailing model of PP2A inactivation by phosphorylation needs to be revised. (viennabiocenter.org)

Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
Cyclins (regulatory subunits) bind to cdks (catalytic subunits) to form complexes that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)
As a result, it negatively regulates cyclin-D-dependent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) gene product, thus blocking cell-cycle progression from G 1 -to S-phase ( 2 - 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
The CDK4 activity associated with this cyclin was reported to be necessary for cell cycle progression through G2 phase into mitosis after UV radiation. (creative-biolabs.com)
However, androgen-independent cells are eventually selected during androgen ablation therapy (4) , and progression to an androgen-independent state remains the primary cause of mortality in these patients within an average of 1.5 years. (aacrjournals.org)
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are central to epigenetic regulation and cellular signalling, playing an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases. (bvsalud.org)
The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (pRb) classically functions to regulate early cell cycle progression where it acts to enforce a number of checkpoints in response to cellular stress and DNA damage. (bvsalud.org)
LncRNA-UCA1 is enriched in hypoxic bladder cancer cell-derived TEXs, and hypoxic exosomal lncRNA-UCA1 can promote tumor growth and progression though accelerating EMT. (biomedcentral.com)

it is often a biochemical alternative to the self-destruction of such a damaged cell by apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike apoptosis, senescence is a state of which cells are still alive and metabolically active. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, JIB extract induced B16/F10 cell apoptosis via the caspase cascade. (medsci.org)
Calcitriol elicits anti-tumor effects mainly through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, angiogenesis and the inhibition of cell invasiveness by a number of mechanisms. (jcancer.org)
Indeed apoptosis is inhibited in senescent cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that experimental up-regulation of PTPRD in neuroblastoma cell lines significantly decreases cell growth and increases apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
p53 mediates cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage or starvation for pyrimidine nucleotides. (thermofisher.com)
Phosphorylation plays critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes, including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis and signal transduction pathways. (ucsd.edu)
Under glucose-limiting conditions, cancer cells are sensitised by mitochondrial Strap to apoptosis, which is rescued by supplementing cells with an extracellular source of ATP. (ox.ac.uk)
This work describes the fascinating interplay between two tumor suppressors Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) and p53. (uky.edu)
However, p53 is intact and functional in normal tissues, and we observed that specific activation of p53 in normal fibroblasts could induce apoptosis selectively in p53-deficient cancer cells. (uky.edu)
Accordingly, activation of p53 in wild-type mice, but not in p53 -/- or Par-4 -/- mice, caused systemic elevation of Par-4 that induced apoptosis of p53-deficient tumor cells. (uky.edu)
Accordingly, Par-4-null or -knockdown cells demonstrated increased resistance to apoptosis induced by genotoxic stress. (uky.edu)

As a steroid hormone that regulates mineral homeostasis and bone metabolism, 1α, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) also has broad spectrum anti-tumor activities as supported by numerous epidemiological and experimental studies. (jcancer.org)
Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation regulates the activity of pRB. (utsouthwestern.edu)
The mechanism by which MuSK signaling regulates the interaction of the AChR with scaffolding proteins that localize it in the postsynaptic membrane, however, remain unknown. (jneurosci.org)
CREB also regulates the expression of the tumor suppressor gene CYR61. (mdanderson.org)
Cofactor Strap regulates oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial p53 activity through ATP synthase. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)

Adenomatous polyposis coli protein is a protein in humans that is encoded by APC gene. (cusabio.com)

Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
A switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration drives these cells toward differentiation, but the mechanisms that control this switch are poorly defined. (lww.com)
Cell Death and Differentiation 1-10. (signalchem.com)
Furthermore, we also observed that LTC 4 , via the CysLT 2 /JNK signaling pathway, increased the expression of the differentiation markers sucrase-isomaltase and mucin-2 in colon cancer cells and that down-regulation of 15-PGDH totally abolished the observed increase in these markers. (lu.se)
In conclusion, the restoration of 15-PGDH expression through CysLT 2 signaling promotes the differentiation of colon cancer cells, indicating an anti-tumor effect of CysLT 2 signaling. (lu.se)
therefore, definitive differentiation of Hürthle cell carcinoma from Hürthle-cell adenoma is based on vascular invasion and/or capsular invasion, as well as on permanent histologic sections or extrathyroidal tumor spread and lymph node and systemic metastases. (medscape.com)

We herein demonstrated that CADM1 interacts with Hippo pathway core kinases and enhances the phosphorylation of YAP1, and also that the membranous co-expression of CADM1 and LATS2 predicts a favorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
In Drosophila, Hpo and Warts kinases are core components of this pathway and function as tumor suppressors by inhibiting Yorkie (Yki) . (sdbonline.org)
It also has multiple phosphorylation sites for different cell signaling kinases, a central coiled-coil region, a C-terminal GAP domain and CALMODULIN binding domain. (bvsalud.org)

Strap (stress-responsive activator of p300) is a novel TPR motif OB-fold protein that contributes to p53 transcriptional activation. (ox.ac.uk)

Our study additionally shows that the majority of AT heterozygotes express almost halved levels of ATM protein, sufficient in most cases to normally regulate the ATM-dependent DNA damage-response pathway. (nih.gov)
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta (PTPRD) is a member of a large family of protein tyrosine phosphatases which negatively regulate tyrosine phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Several anterograde and retrograde signaling pathways, including the canonical Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathway , regulate synaptic development in vertebrates and invertebrates. (sdbonline.org)

Neuroblastoma is a major childhood cancer arising from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system which is known to acquire deletions and alterations in the expression patterns of PTPRD , indicating a potential tumor suppressor function for this gene. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, re-introduction of AP-2 into the highly metastatic cells caused inhibition of tumor growth and significant reduction in their metastatic potential in nude mice. (mdanderson.org)
Pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 or adjusting E2F1 levels qualitatively altered the repertoire of lncRNA-derived peptide antigens displayed by tumour cells. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, normal cells can be empowered by p53 activation to induce Par-4 secretion for inhibition of therapy-resistant tumors. (uky.edu)

Given that p63alphaDeltaN is required for p53 activation after DNA damage, we examined and found a high proportion of cells co-express p63alphaDeltaN and CK2-phosphorylated p53 after UV-irradiation. (dundee.ac.uk)
There are various phosphorylation sites on p53, of which the phosphorylation at Ser15 is important for p53 activation and stabilization. (thermofisher.com)
p16 Ink4a downregulation leads to an activation of PKA-CREB-PGC1α signaling through increased phosphorylation of PKA regulatory subunits. (diabetesjournals.org)
ARA55, ARA54, ARA70, BRCA1, and heat-shock proteins) may allow cells to become independent of androgens (intrinsic activation). (aacrjournals.org)
In recent studies, we found that PAF, which is secreted by cells in the tumor microenvironment, stimulates the phosphorylation and activation of CREB in metastatic melanoma cells. (mdanderson.org)
The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)
IFN signaling: 3C protease inhibits activation of antiviral protein complexes. (cdc.gov)
NP and M2 protein interfere with PKR activation. (cdc.gov)

Indeed, we found that rapsyn associated with CD4-β loop chimeras in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and that agrin increased the ratio of rapsyn binding to wild type AChR but not to AChR-β 3F/3F , which lacks β loop tyrosine phosphorylation sites. (jneurosci.org)
Indeed, we have shown previously that mutation of a tyrosine phosphorylation site in the long cytoplasmic loop of the β subunit impairs agrin-induced cytoskeletal anchoring and aggregation of mutant AChR in muscle cells ( Borges and Ferns, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)

p38γ and δ promote heart hypertrophy by targeting the mTOR-inhibitory protein DEPTOR for degradation. (nature.com)
In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
Our findings suggest that Par-4 stabilizes p53 by inhibiting Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Mdm2 that is known to prevent translocation of Mdm2 into the nucleus for p53 ubiquitination and degradation. (uky.edu)

Calcitriol has been used in a number of clinical trials and it is important to note that sufficient dose and exposure to calcitriol is critical to achieve anti-tumor effect. (jcancer.org)

The regulation of complex and dynamic signal transduction proteins contributes to the destination of targeting proteins and the signal transduction of cell growth, and exposure to parasites can also influence signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The Anti-Cyclin-A antibody is ideal for investigators involved in cell signaling, cell biology and signal transduction research. (signalchem.com)

As seen in the HCPIN, Rb interacts with many proteins, which together weigh many different signals reaching the cell to decide if it should divide or not. (rcsb.org)
M2 protein interacts with MAVS. (cdc.gov)

Notably, decades of research on the tumor suppressive function of PP2A were based on antibodies that - as it turns out now - do not recognize phosphorylation but are rather blocked by a completely different post-translational modification. (viennabiocenter.org)
Our discovery of PTPRK as a negative regulator of Wnt receptor turnover provides a rationale for its tumor suppressive function and reveals that in PTPRK-RSPO3 recurrent cancer fusions both fusion partners, in fact, encode ZNRF3 regulators. (elifesciences.org)

Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. (cusabio.com)
Knockdown of TP53 which is encoding gene of p53 protein induces colorectal cancer cells to produce exosomes with reduced sizes in a HGS-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
We used a molecular pathway-based approach to analyze transcriptomic profiles of 59 colorectal tumors representing early and late preinvasive stages and the invasive stage of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Of the 880 canonical pathways we investigated, 112 displayed significant tumor-related upregulation or downregulation at one or more stages of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)

Defects of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb)/cyclin-D1/p16 pathway have been shown to play a critical role in the development of human malignancies. (iiarjournals.org)
MM cell-derived exosomes are able to promote IFN-γ production of NK cells in TME by activating NF-κB pathway in a TLR2/Hsp70-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
p53 −/− MSC exosomes deliver UBR2 to target cells and promote gastric cancer growth and metastasis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. (cancerindex.org)
Genetic studies in mice have shown that mutation of the CK2 phospho-acceptor site in p53 increases UV-induced skin cancer formation,(11) highlighting an unexpected role for p53 phosphorylation in mediating p53-dependent tumor suppression. (dundee.ac.uk)
To study the potential role in this metabolic shift of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, the authors generated nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice. (lww.com)
By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. (lww.com)

The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
Mechanistically, BMI1 was required to repress microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) transcription and prevent GSK3beta and p53 stabilization, which otherwise resulted in neurodegeneration. (nih.gov)
Cao L, Faha B, Dembski M, Tsai LH, Harlow E, Dyson N. Independent binding of the retinoblastoma protein and p107 to the transcription factor E2F. (bdbiosciences.com)
The tumor suppressor protein, p53, is a sequence specific transcription factor that is activated by cellular stress. (thermofisher.com)
Western blot was performed using Anti-ATF2 Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (SZ17-01) (Product # MA5-32022) and 60kDa and 40kDa bands corresponding to Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 was observed across all the tested cell lines and tissues, except Mouse Skeletal Muscle. (thermofisher.com)
The transcription factor ATF-2 (also called CRE-BP1) binds to both AP-1 and CRE DNA response elements and is a member of the ATF/CREB family of leucine zipper proteins. (thermofisher.com)
these proteins are also important in regulating gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex) and hypoxia-inducible factors (a family of transcription factors activated by hypoxia). (lww.com)
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 5 is over-expressed in a variety of cancers and the master transcription regulator E2F1 is an important methylation target. (bvsalud.org)

Melanoma is the most malignant and lethal skin tumor owing to its high metastatic ability and the incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the years. (medsci.org)
However, these defects fail to explain the incredible heterogeneity and immune suppression observed in malignant brain tumors, two major hurdles to their treatment, which remains mostly palliative. (stanford.edu)
Therefore, the authors concluded to a probable hyperplasic status in benign or malignant neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Permissive histologic interpretation may result in the designation of some non-neoplastic Hürthle cell lesions as malignant tumors. (medscape.com)

The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
In this study, a phosphoproteomic approach was performed to dissect the molecular mechanism of phosphoprotein regulation, which is involved in the inhibitory effect of parasites on erythroid cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
The main cyclin-cdks complexes formed in vertebrate cells are cyclin D-cdk4 (G0/G1), cyclin E-cdk2 (G1/S), cyclin A-cdk2 (S) and cyclin B1-cdk1 (G2/M). These complexes are regulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including p21 and p27Kip1. (bdbiosciences.com)

Neuroblastoma is derived from primitive cells of the sympathetic nervous system, and is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children accounting for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bortezomib has been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo , and anticancer activity has been seen in cell and animal models for several solid tumor types, including prostate cancer. (aacrjournals.org)

APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. (cusabio.com)
This activity is strongly conserved and probably represents a primordial function of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Overexpression of DAB2IP's rat homolog DIP, but not its mutant defective in Ras GTPase activating protein activity, reverses miR431 's effect on promoting invasion, Erk phosphorylation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of PNETs. (quanterix.com)
This is mediated in part by the recruitment of the reader protein 53BP1 to di-methylated K810, which allows pRb activity to be effectively integrated with the DNA damage response. (bvsalud.org)
Our results widen the repertoire of cellular targets for 53BP1 and suggest a previously unidentified role for 53BP1 in regulating pRb tumor suppressor activity. (ox.ac.uk)
LTC 4 induced 15-PGDH promoter activity via JNK/AP-1 phosphorylation. (lu.se)

NESG researchers have solved the structure of one of these proteins, shown here from PDB entry 2qs9 , identifying the LxCxE motif and also discovering a serine protease active site. (rcsb.org)

Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)

Dixon's interest in phosphatases eventually led to analysis of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN, which shares sequence identity (the degree of similarity between two or more nucleotide sequences) with PTPases. (ucsd.edu)

PTPases are enzymes that play important roles in phosphorylation by removing unneeded phosphate groups. (ucsd.edu)

When presented to the immune system as either ex vivo-loaded dendritic cells or expressed from a viral vector, lncRNA-derived peptides drove a potent antigen-specific CD8 T lymphocyte response, which translated into a significant delay in tumour growth. (bvsalud.org)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta ( PTPRD ) is an important regulator of axon growth and guidance and is highly expressed in the central nervous system where it functions as a transmembrane homophilic neuronal cell adhesion molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
At the neuromuscular junction, the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is specifically clustered in the postsynaptic membrane via interactions with rapsyn and other scaffolding proteins. (jneurosci.org)
Here, we define a phosphorylation-dependent binding site on the receptor that mediates agrin-induced clustering. (jneurosci.org)
Together, these findings suggest that agrin-induced phosphorylation of the β subunit motif increases the stoichiometry of rapsyn binding to the AChR, thereby helping to stably cluster the receptor and anchor it at high density in the postsynaptic membrane. (jneurosci.org)
Here we identify the tumor suppressor Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type kappa (Ptprk), as a Wnt inhibitor of the Spemann organizer. (elifesciences.org)

This technologic and biologic revolution continued through the 1960s to today, and the explosion in technology has fueled the current expansion of knowledge into the working of the human cell. (medscape.com)
She returned to UCSF to conduct translational research, and apply her combined expertise in stem cells and signaling on the study of brain neoplasms and human stem and progenitor cells. (stanford.edu)
The mechanisms for cell fate decisions in the human brain are largely unknown. (stanford.edu)
We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)
Using human skin as a model to determine whether there is cell-selectivity in modulating p53 phosphorylation, we have found a selective induction of p53 phosphorylation at the CK2-site in the basal cells of UV irradiated human skin. (dundee.ac.uk)
This study describes the first comparative phosphoproteome analysis of growing erythroid cells (gECs), derived from human haematopoietic stem cells, exposed to lysates of infected erythrocytes (IE)/uninfected erythrocytes (UE) for 24, 48 and 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
Faha B, Ewen ME, Tsai LH, Livingston DM, Harlow E. Interaction between human cyclin A and adenovirus E1A-associated p107 protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
Phosphorylation of Ser392 in p53 has been shown to associate with the formation of human tumors. (thermofisher.com)
De-regulation of cell-cycle control, in particular G 1 - to S-phase transition, is implicated in the pathogenesis of most types of human cancer, including ovarian cancer ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
First, they have created the Human Cancer Protein Interaction Network (HCPIN) , a resource that gathers data on proteins that are implicated in cancer and their interactions with one another. (rcsb.org)
In addition, we also demonstrated that CREB and its associated proteins act as survival factors for human melanoma cells, thus, providing a mechanism, for the first time, on how overexpression of CREB in melanoma cells may contribute to the acquisition of the metastatic phenotype. (mdanderson.org)
Anti-Cyclin A Antibody was produced by repeated immunizations with a recombinant protein corresponding to the human cyclin A. (signalchem.com)
Human metastatic melanoma cells release more exosomes under an acidic condition. (biomedcentral.com)
Significant downregulation of beta-defensin1 gene (DEFB1) expression was observed when human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) were exposed to IAV. (cdc.gov)

Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. (cusabio.com)
It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane and this localization of MACF1 is critical for its function in microtubule stabilization. (cusabio.com)
Ectopic up-regulation of PTPRD in neuroblastoma dephosphorylates tyrosine residues in AURKA resulting in a destabilization of this protein culminating in interfering with one of AURKA's primary functions in neuroblastoma, the stabilization of MYCN protein, the gene of which is amplified in approximately 25 to 30% of high risk neuroblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, studies suggest that ccRCC is closely associated with tumor suppressor von-Hippel Lindau ( VHL ) gene mutations that lead to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1 α and HIF-2 α , also known as HIF1A and EPAS1) in both sporadic and familial forms [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Using genetically matched cells, we show that Par-4 expression is required for stabilization and function of the tumor suppressor p53, which constitutes the hub of signaling networks controlling important cellular and organismal phenotypes. (uky.edu)
In particular, the expression of p53 protein and its stabilization in response to genotoxic stress were remarkably attenuated in response to Par-4 loss. (uky.edu)

The Petritsch lab broadly investigates underlying causes for the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and immune suppression in brain tumors from a developmental neuro-developmental perspective. (stanford.edu)

Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This study shows that Schip1 , a Drosophila homolog of the mammalian Schwannomin interacting protein 1 (SCHIP1), provides a link between Ex and Hpo. (sdbonline.org)
Dixon discovered that in Y. pestis , the enzyme functions as a lethal weapon when injected into mammalian cells, blocking the host immune response. (ucsd.edu)

However, this limited expression of ATM protein provides no benefit regarding the ATM-dependent responses related to G1 arrest and p53-ser15 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
Dual-immunofluorescence also revealed that Ser392 and Ser15 phosphorylation of p53 also occur in the same basal cells, although often within distinct regions of the nucleus. (dundee.ac.uk)

Studies with bortezomib (VELCADE, formerly known as PS-341) and other proteasome inhibitors indicate that cancer cells are especially dependent on the proteasome for survival, and several mechanisms used by prostate cancer cells require proteasome function. (aacrjournals.org)
Androgens are necessary for normal prostate cell growth (1) , and in animal models, androgen ablation causes cell atrophy and death of prostate epithelial cells (2) . (aacrjournals.org)
Likewise, in the early stages of prostate cancer, the growth of cancerous prostatic epithelial cells is often androgen dependent (3) . (aacrjournals.org)
i.e ., radiation or chemotherapy) provide temporary palliation, but eventually prostate cancer cells become resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, with ensuing failure to control tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the development of androgen independence in prostate cancer cells (4) . (aacrjournals.org)

High molecular weight cytokeratin (1/68kD, 19/56,6 kD) was replaced by simple cytokeratin (8/52kD, 18/45kD) which is found in neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
The molecular mechanism, however, by which PTPRD renders a tumor suppressor effect in neuroblastoma is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular changes associated with the transition of melanoma cells from radial growth phase (RGP) to vertical growth phase (VGP, metastatic phenotype) are not very well defined. (mdanderson.org)
Growing evidence indicates that protein arginine citrullination, catalysed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), is involved in many aspects of molecular and cell biology and is emerging as a potential druggable target in multiple diseases including cancer. (bvsalud.org)

Palbociclib instead primarily targeted monomeric CDK4 and CDK6 (CDK4/6) in breast tumor cells. (rcsb.org)
This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activtiy is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. (creative-biolabs.com)

In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and accounts for approximately 60% to 70% of all renal tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
This is particularly useful in the study of cancer, since the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells requires the coordinated corruption of many cellular systems, overcoming the many natural protections built into our cells. (rcsb.org)
It was the first tumor suppressor protein that was discovered, through genetic analysis of individuals who all suffered from a similar form of retinal cancer. (rcsb.org)
In cancer cells, Rb is often mutated to destroy its function, allowing the cancer cells to divide without limits. (rcsb.org)
Lung cancer cells produce more miR-23a-contained exosomes under hypoxic condition. (biomedcentral.com)
TEXs from EGFRvIII expressing glioma cells are enriched with focal adhesion related proteins to promote the invasion of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells. (ox.ac.uk)
The tumor suppressor 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is a key enzyme in PGE 2 catabolism, converting it into its inactive metabolite 15-keto- PGE 2 , and is often down-regulated in cancer. (lu.se)
therefore, we investigated a potential link between CysLT2 signaling and the tumor suppressor 15-PGDH in colon cancer cells. (lu.se)
We observed a significant up-regulation of 15-PGDH after treatment with LTC 4 , a CysLT 2 ligand, in colon cancer cells at both the mRNA and protein levels, which could be reduced by a CysLT 2 antagonist or a JNK inhibitor. (lu.se)
Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an unusual and relatively rare type of differentiated thyroid cancer. (medscape.com)
Simple Summary: This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that can accurately detect lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that classified lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues with an overall accuracy of 96.3% in the training patient cohort (n = 109) and 91.7% in unsupervised classification and 92.3% in supervised classification in the validation set (n = 375). (cdc.gov)

Surprisingly, the LxCxE motif is bound inside the protein in this crystallographic structure, so the protein must either rearrange a bit to interact with Rb, or interact through a previously unseen mechanism. (rcsb.org)
Lysine methylation at K810, which occurs within a critical Cdk phosphorylation motif, holds pRb in the hypophosphorylated growth-suppressing state. (ox.ac.uk)

membranous co-expression of CADM1 and LATS2 in lung tumors predicts good prognosis. (cancerindex.org)

The aim of the present study was to determine the significance of this tumor suppressor gene for ovarian tumorigenesis, investigating both numerical aberrations of chromosome 9 and p16 gene alterations in 28 cases of ovarian tumors, by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. (iiarjournals.org)
Loss of PTEN elevates PIP3 levels, promoting cell survival and tumorigenesis. (ucsd.edu)

Aberrant splicing of the 5' UTR also has been noted in neuroblastoma cell lines and primary tumors, which could potentially cause destabilization of the mRNA sequence [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to further examine the possibility that PTPRD acts as a tumor suppressor gene in neuroblastoma, we initially analyzed the levels of PTPRD mRNA transcripts in a set of 88 neuroblastoma tumors using the R2: microarray analysis and visualization platform ( http://r2.amc.nl ) (University of Amsterdam). (biomedcentral.com)

extract (JIB extract) for melanoma cells. (medsci.org)
We found that loss of AP-2 resulted in overexpression of PAR-1 in metastatic melanoma cells, which in turn contributes, to invasion and metastasis. (mdanderson.org)

Biochemical and genetic data suggest a role as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)

Rab27A/B-induced exosome secretion decreases the expression of tumor-suppressive microRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

This occurs through specific modulation of regulatory proteins during the host-pathogen interaction, especially proteins with roles in pathogenesis [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) is increasing, and it presents with various clinical manifestations and an unfavorable survival rate. (quanterix.com)
In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that beta-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)

Non-proliferative (non-dividing) cells in multicellular eukaryotes generally enter the quiescent G0 state from G1 and may remain quiescent for long periods of time, possibly indefinitely (as is often the case for neurons). (wikipedia.org)
BMI1 expression was also reduced in cortical neurons from AD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells but not in neurons overexpressing mutant APP and PSEN1. (nih.gov)

After the primary antibody is bound to the target protein, a complex with HRP-linked secondary antibody is formed. (cellsignal.com)
and proteins that interact with members of the Arp2/3 complex and hence the actin cytoskeleton (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
But it has been noticed that PPI data are often associated with high false positive and false negative rates due to the limitations of the associated experimental techniques and the dynamic nature of protein interaction maps, which may have a negative impact on the performance of complex discovery algorithms [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
It can also function as GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN (GAP) for RHEB GTPASE to activate mTORC1 independent of its role in the complex. (bvsalud.org)

PTPRD has a tumor suppressor function in neuroblastoma through AURKA dephosphorylation and destabilization and a downstream destabilization of MYCN protein, representing a novel mechanism for the function of PTPRD in neuroblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of the cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Dixon is an internationally recognized scientist in the field of reversible phosphorylation - a biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound and, in the context of cells, serves as a fundamental master control switch by which proteins and their functions can be altered after they have formed. (ucsd.edu)

Cellular stress activates ATF-2 by phosphorylation of Thr69 and Thr71. (thermofisher.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms6

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Genes15

Proliferation16

Kinase20

Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein2

Loss of tumor suppressor activity2

Functions as a tumor suppressor1

Inactivation2

Progression9

Apoptosis13

Regulates6

Humans1

Differentiation7

Kinases5

Transcriptional Activation1

Regulate3

Potential tumor1

Inhibition3

Activation8

Tyrosine phosphorylation2

Degradation3

Anti-tumor effect1

Signal Transduction2

Interacts2

Suppressive function2

Colorectal3

Pathways2

Pathway3

Mice4

Transcription9

Malignant4

Inhibitory3

Solid tumor2

Activity6

Serine1

Cellular senescence2

Phosphatases1

Phosphate groups1

Peptides1

Receptor5

Human14

Stabilization6

Suppression1

Mammalian4

Ser152

Prostate5

Molecular4

CDK42

Cancer19

Motif2

Lung1

Tumorigenesis2

MRNA2

Melanoma cells2

Genetic1

Decreases1

Regulatory proteins1

Survival2

Neurons2

Complex4

Dephosphorylation1

Biochemical2

Activates1