Cells or clones malignant clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disorder of bone marrow cells resulting in shortened life of red blood cells, which is also a result of clonal expansion, i.e., all the altered cells are originally derived from a single cell, which also somewhat compromises the functioning of other "normal" bone marrow cells. (wikipedia.org)
When ultimately many cells are produced by a single cell, clonal expansion is said to have taken place. (wikipedia.org)
A somewhat similar concept is that of a clonal colony (also called a genet), wherein the cells (usually unicellular) also share a common ancestry, but which also requires the products of clonal expansion to reside at "one place", or in close proximity. (wikipedia.org)
These are independent clonal derivatives of a spontaneous malignant melanoma tumour in the mouse. (biologists.com)
Because most cancers have a clonal origin, cancer stem cells (CSCs) must generate phenotypically diverse progenies including mature CSCs that can self-renew indefinitely and differentiated cancer cells that possess limited proliferative potential. (nature.com)
Two indicators of clonal complexity were used, namely, the number of foster clones, described as clones with similar D-N 2 -J rearrangements but other V-rearrangement and N 1 -joining, and the maximum across all foster clones of the number of evolved clones from one foster clone. (frontiersin.org)
It is a clonal genetic heterogeneous disease generally thought to arise from the malignant transformation and expansion of a single lymphoid progenitor at various stages of development ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
To limit off-tumor targeting, we sought to develop a CART platform specific for a given TCRvb family that would endow CAR-modified T cells with the ability to mediate lysis of the clonal malignant population while preserving the majority of healthy T cells. (bvsalud.org)

As the nomenclature and description of the disease spectrum under the descriptive term parapsoriasis evolved, the primary focus has been on the distinction of whether the disorder progresses to mycosis fungoides (MF) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). (medscape.com)
The initiating cause of parapsoriasis is unknown, but the diseases likely represent different stages in a continuum of lymphoproliferative disorders from chronic dermatitis stimulated by activated T cells to frank malignancy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). (medscape.com)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Early patch-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (medscape.com)

Lymphocytes do not show histologic atypia to suggest malignant transformation. (medscape.com)

Genotypic pattern observed in small plaque parapsoriasis is similar to that observed in chronic dermatitis, and the pattern of clonality of T cells is consistent with the response of a specific subset of T cells that have been stimulated by an antigen. (medscape.com)
The success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy for certain hematological malignancies makes it an attractive treatment option for PTCLs. (bvsalud.org)

Multiple dominant clones can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of T-cell receptor gene usage, which supports a reactive process. (medscape.com)
Southern blot analysis of T-cell receptor genes from parapsoriasis does not identify a dominant clone of T cells. (medscape.com)
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Furthermore, TCRvb-CARTs eliminated the dominant malignant TCRvb clone in two patient samples. (bvsalud.org)

Hybrids in which malignancy was suppressed and malignant segregants derived from them showed virtually identical SCE frequencies. (biologists.com)

Since SLAMF receptors play a role in NK cell biology, we reasoned that these receptors may impact NK cell-mediated CLL immunity. (nature.com)

Overexpression of SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 in IGHV mutated CLL cell models resulted in reduced proliferation and impaired responses to BCR ligation, whereas the knockout of both receptors showed opposing effects and increased sensitivity toward inhibition of components of the BCR pathway. (nature.com)
B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a critical role in driving proliferation and survival of the malignant clone in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), supported by the clinical activity of inhibitors targeted toward BCR-associated kinases [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)

The genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), continues to shorten with each cell division, and cells eventually stop dividing when they sense that their DNA is critically shortened. (wikipedia.org)
A lower number of foster clones was associated with a higher risk group after prephase and t (12;21)/ ETV6:RUNX1 genetic type. (frontiersin.org)

Since the SLAMF low signature was strongly associated with an unmutated CLL immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) status in large datasets, we investigated the impact of SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 on the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling axis. (nature.com)
Osteopontin facilitated ovarian cancer cell chemoresistance via the activation of the CD44 receptor, PI3K/AKT signaling, and ABC drug efflux transporter activity. (bvsalud.org)

Binary fission involves mitosis-like behavior of the chromosomes similar to that of cells in higher organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

To Analyze Clones From Patients Who Relapse to Determine Whether Antiviral Escape is Associated With Expression of IRF-4, c-Rel or Other Molecular Events (p53, p16 Mutations) Including Expansion of Novel Clones. (druglib.com)
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies associated with poor prognosis due to ineffective treatment options and high rates of relapse. (bvsalud.org)

This concept of clone assumes importance as all the cells that form a clone share common ancestry, which has a very significant consequence: shared genotype. (wikipedia.org)

associated with expression of IRF-4, c-Rel, or other molecular events (p53, p16 mutations) including expansion of novel clones. (druglib.com)
Current prospective CART approaches cause a high degree of on-target, off-tumor activity, resulting in fratricide during CAR T-cell expansion, depletion of healthy T cells in vivo, and immune compromise in the patient. (bvsalud.org)

The median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive malignant brain tumor, is typically less than 2 years 1 . (nature.com)
Although this heterogeneity is generally discussed in terms of pathological structures, examining the dynamic heterogeneity at the cellular level is fundamental to understanding the origins of the cells, potential therapeutic targets and the source of tumor recurrences 3 . (nature.com)
Therefore, functionally analyzing the individual types of the heterogeneous cells and determining their role in tumor pathogenesis are critical. (nature.com)
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, which was first described in studies on leukemia, has attracted considerable attention in other cancer fields, including the one devoted to brain tumor 4 . (nature.com)
minimal residual disease) at 3 and 6 months of maintained remission on antivirals and at one-year post-initiation of therapy in order to determine whether this represents persistence of the original tumor clone or another variant. (druglib.com)
Reduced tumor burden in conventional and FLASH-treated mice was associated with an early decrease in intratumoral regulatory T cells and a late increase in cytolytic CD8+ T cells. (bvsalud.org)

Our results suggest that single cell-derived subclones from a patient can produce phenotypically heterogeneous self-renewing progenies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. (nature.com)
Regardless of the nomenclatures used, the CSCs (as the cells are commonly termed) that are isolated directly from patients' tumors are considered to serve as valuable tools that can enhance our understanding of tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistances and the functional heterogeneity of cancers in vitro and in vivo 5 . (nature.com)
Here, we investigated whether cancer-associated mesothelial cells promote ovarian cancer chemoresistance and stemness in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)

The B cells in the body have two important phenotypes (functional forms)-the antibody secreting, terminally differentiated (that is, they cannot divide further) plasma cells, and the memory and the naive cells-both of which retain their proliferative potential. (wikipedia.org)
In stratified epithelia proliferative basal cells adherent to the underlying basement membrane undergo cell cycle arrest then outward migration and terminal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Cancers are composed of heterogeneous combinations of cells that exhibit distinct phenotypic characteristics and proliferative potentials. (nature.com)

A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same cell. (wikipedia.org)

10] Nevertheless, a hint to the verity of this hypothesis is the recent identification of increased telomerase activity in T cells from CTCL at low-grade stages, high-grade lymphoma, and parapsoriasis, which is activity not exhibited in normal T cells. (medscape.com)
Among the changes to CTCL classification were the addition of primary cutaneous acral CD8 + T-cell lymphoma as a new provisional entity. (medscape.com)

In laboratory settings, glioma stem cells (GSCs) can be isolated by adding EGF and FGF to suspension cultures in the absence of serum, which is the so-called sphere-forming method, or by using adherent culture systems in which specific materials are coated on culture dishes 4 , 6 . (nature.com)
When either the sphere-forming system or the adherent system is used, some of the cancer cells can be propagated but other cells are lost because of cell death/apoptosis or differentiation. (nature.com)

Indeed, our experiments showed significantly decreased degranulation capacity of primary NK cells from CLL patients expressing low levels of SLAMF1 and SLAMF7. (nature.com)
The maximum number of evolved clones was significantly higher in patients with t (12;21)/ ETV6:RUNX1 . (frontiersin.org)

El-Darouti et al reported on a 7-year study of a hypopigmented disorder that the researchers believe should be classified as a new variant of parapsoriasis en plaque. (medscape.com)

Clonality implies the state of a cell or a substance being derived from one source or the other. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, two plasma cells belonging to the same clone could be derived from different memory cells (in turn with shared clonality) and could be residing in quite distant locations, such as the cervical (in the neck) and inguinal (in the groin) lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)

The precise pathogenetic events leading to the development of ALL are still unknown, but evidence supports the hypothesis of driver mutations followed by secondary events, that can occur in subclones of the original leukemic cell following different evolution patterns ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)

complete response or partial response) to zidovudine, recombinant interferon alfa-2b, and PEG-interferon alfa-2b therapy in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). (druglib.com)
Thus, TCRvb-CART therapy provides a potential option for high-precision treatment of PTCL with limited healthy T-cell depletion. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, FLASH irradiation maintained the ability to increase intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration and enhance the efficacy of αPD-1 therapy in preclinical models of ovarian cancer. (bvsalud.org)

The problem we have been concerned with is to find an in vitro correlate with tumorigenicity in a system of cell hybrids in the mouse. (biologists.com)
The latter encompass human skin regenerated on immune deficient mice as well as organotypic constructs with epithelial and stromal cells embedded within architecturally faithful mesenchyma in vitro. (stanford.edu)

Most other cells cannot divide indefinitely as after a few cycles of cell division the cells stop expressing an enzyme telomerase. (wikipedia.org)

The function of histone modifying epigenetic regulators and noncoding RNA as central mediators of epithelial stem cell renewal and differentiation represent major emerging areas of study in the lab. (stanford.edu)

The single-cell eukaryote Paramecium tetraurelia can undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
P. tetraurelia is able to replicate asexually for many generations but the dividing cells gradually age and after about 200 cell divisions, if the cells fail to undergo another autogamy or conjugation, they lose vitality and expire. (wikipedia.org)

3. Patients with a higher number of foster clones were patients in the better prognosis group. (frontiersin.org)

However, shared expression of potential target antigens by both malignant and healthy T cells poses a challenge. (bvsalud.org)

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IgH ) locus is a recent very efficient technique to monitor minimal residual disease of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). (frontiersin.org)
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most common pediatric neoplasm ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)

These findings suggest that cell fusion might have induced epigenetic SCE frequency changes possibly in the same way as modulation of SCE frequencies is known to occur in the human leukocyte series. (biologists.com)

GBM, as its name suggests, is composed of a pathologically heterogeneous mixture of cells that exhibit varying degrees of cellular and nuclear polymorphism 2 . (nature.com)
Mesothelial cells are an important cellular component of the ovarian cancer microenvironment that promote metastasis. (bvsalud.org)

Together, our data indicate that SLAMF receptors are important modulators of the BCR signaling axis and may improve immune control in CLL by interference with NK cells. (nature.com)
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptors are a group of nine type I transmembrane receptors that are mainly expressed on a variety of immune cells. (nature.com)
T-cell receptors (TCR) and B-cell receptors (BCR) are hypervariable immunoglobulins that play a key role in recognizing antigens in the vertebrate immune system. (elifesciences.org)
Giving zidovudine, interferon alfa-2b, and PEG-interferon alfa-2b together may stimulate the immune system and slow down or keep the cancer cell from growing. (druglib.com)

However, this enzyme in "youthful" cells replaces these lost bits (nucleotides) of DNA, thus making almost unlimited cycles of cell division possible. (wikipedia.org)

The control of this transition from epithelial stem cell to differentiated corneocyte, which is abnormal in epidermal cancers, is not well understood. (stanford.edu)
Skin malignancies, including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), alone account for nearly as many cancers as all other tissues combined. (stanford.edu)

However, during course of cell division, one of the cells can get mutated further and acquire new characteristics to diverge as a new clone. (wikipedia.org)

1] With the range of histology detected, treatments are variable but therapies that affect T cells can be effective. (medscape.com)
The overall treatment outcome of malignant brain tumors remains unsatisfactory even though advanced multimodal treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been available for decades. (nature.com)

or from functionally distinct subsets such as CD4 and CD8 T-cells. (elifesciences.org)

They are known to be involved in the regulation of NK and T cell responses, mostly by homotypic interactions except for SLAMF2 (CD48) and SLAMF4 that interact with each other [ 10 ]. (nature.com)

A previous study demonstrated that SLAMF1, SLAMF2, and SLAMF7 receptors are rather downregulated on CLL cells as compared to their normal B cell counterpart [ 12 ], suggesting that high expression of these molecules may have detrimental (e.g., antiproliferative) effects in the CLL context. (nature.com)

In B cells, this class of receptors has been shown to be expressed in distinct patterns associated with development and activation [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cDNA-microarray analyses revealed that each subclone was composed of distinct populations of cells. (nature.com)

Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)

Current terminology of parapsoriasis refers to 2 disease processes that are caused by T-cell-predominant infiltrates in the skin. (medscape.com)

All the granulosa cells in a Graafian follicle are in fact clones. (wikipedia.org)

2. A higher number of evolved clones at diagnosis of BCP-ALL was associated with the presence of t (12;21)/ ETV6:RUNX1 . (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy11

Organisms3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Clonal8

Cutaneous T-cell l4

Lymphocytes1

Antigen2

Dominant4

Malignancy1

Biology1

Proliferation3

Genetic2

Receptor2

Behavior2

Relapse2

Consequence1

Expansion2

Tumor6

Vivo3

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Identical1

CTCL2

Adherent2

Significantly2

Disorder1

Clonality2

Subclones1

Therapy3

Vitro2

Indefinitely1

Differentiation1

Undergo2

Prognosis1

Potential1

Precursor2

Functions1

Divisions1

Epigenetic1

Cellular2

Immune4

Enzyme1

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Functionally1

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